慢性硝酸镧染毒大鼠肝脏中镧沉积的研究

目的　探讨低剂量硝酸镧 [La(NO3) 3]的慢性毒性及镧在大鼠肝脏中的沉积情况。方法　连续用 0 1、0 2、2 0、10 0和 2 0 0mg kg的La(NO3) 3给大鼠灌胃 6个月后 ,应用透射电镜技术 (TEM)、X射线微区分析 (XMA)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP MS)研究镧在大鼠肝脏中的沉积。结果　 2 0 0mg kgLa(NO3) 3组肝细胞内电子密度高的致密体较多 ,大鼠肝脏中镧的含量 ( 3 890ng g蛋白 )与对照组 ( 3 0ng g蛋白 )相比 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　镧可进入到肝细胞内 ,并在动物肝脏中的沉积     

石油沥青染毒大鼠亚慢性毒性实验研究

石油沥青是石油原油分馏后剩余的副产品。由于沥青具有防腐防水绝缘等特性 ,因此应用广泛。有关石油沥青烟吸入毒性的实验国内报道较少。现将石油沥青烟亚慢性吸入毒性的实验研究结果 ,报告如下。1　材料与方法实验用石油沥青由某石油化工厂提供 ;健康成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠 6 0只 ,雌雄各半 ,体重为 130～ 140ｇ ,由黑龙江省中医学院实验动物中心提供。经过筛选 ,确定 42只大鼠为本组实验动物。实验分 3组 ,每组 14只 ,高浓度组石油沥青烟浓度为 32 0～ 410ｍｇ ｍ3(平均为 35 0ｍｇ ｍ3) ,低浓度组为 10 0～ 15 0ｍｇ ｍ3(平均为 12 0ｍｇ …     

吉林人参对大鼠的亚慢性毒性研究

人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)是珍贵药材之一,具有大补元气、宁神益智、健脾、生津的功效[1~3],经常服用可预防各种疾病、增强人体免疫力、强身健体、延寿美容,是现代人类养生保健、滋补强身的天然绿色珍品.长白山是我国出产人参最有名的地方, 是吉林人参的主要产地,本文研究吉林人参90 d及180 d的大鼠亚慢性毒性试验,为吉林人参的开发利用提供安全依据.     

丁香罗勒叶精油的急性和亚慢性毒性的研究[英]／Orafidiya L O…／／Phytomedicine．

丁香罗勒Ocimum gratissimumL．叶精油，即罗勒油主要含百里酚(48．1％)、对缴花烃(12．5％)以及另外40种微量成分。罗勒油有很多医疗用途。作者研究了罗勒油灌胃和腹腔注射后的急性和亚慢性毒性。     

丹红注射液对大鼠亚慢性毒性试验研究

目的研究连续iv给予丹红注射液对SD大鼠产生的亚慢性毒性作用。方法 SD大鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组和丹红注射液600、200、60 mg/kg剂量组,每组20只,连续iv给药13周,以其体质量、血液生化学、血液学、脏器相对质量、组织病理学检查为指标,全面评价其对大鼠的毒性作用。结果丹红注射液600 mg/kg组大鼠体质量增长明显延缓,肾功能指标(BUN、Cr)明显增加,组织病理学检查表明肾脏发生病变。结论 iv给予丹红注射液600 mg/kg对大鼠有明显的肾脏毒性。     

大鼠亚慢性铬染毒引起的肾损害

30只Wistar♂大鼠ip K_2Cr_2O_7 1.06mgCr~(6+)/kg,每周5次,连续12wk。肾脏出现明显的形态和功能异常,早期肾小管上皮细胞出现变性,尿中N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、溶菌酶(LZM)和蛋白质的含量分别在染毒d2,3和5wk时显著增加;晚期肾小管上皮细胞出现广泛变性和坏死,尿中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰移换酶(γ-GT)和葡萄糖的含量分别在染毒d6,10和10wk时明显增加,GFR在染毒7wk开始下降。尿铬主要以低分子铬结合物(LW-Cr,5000道尔顿)形式排出。尿铬与肾损害程度显著相关,尿LZM、尿蛋白和GFR出现异常的尿铬临界浓度分别为5.90,7.57和9.36μg/mg肌酐。肾脏铬的蓄积则以高分子铬结合物(HM-Cr,65000道尔顿)和与尿铬相似的LM-Cr两种形式存在,主要蓄积在肾皮质。肾铬与肾损害相关密切,尿LZM和尿蛋白出现异常的肾皮质铬临界浓度分别为36.7ppm和41.8ppm。     

敌草隆原药对大鼠的亚慢性毒性试验

敌草隆(Diuron)原药是一种新型脲类除草剂,光合作用抑制剂。化学名:3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1′-二甲基脲。其安全性强,除草谱广,低残留,不伤土壤,对后茬作物无影响,用于防除非耕作区一般杂草,防杂草重新蔓延。本品也用于芦笋、柑桔、棉花、凤梨、甘蔗、温带树木和灌木水果的除草[1     

喹硫磷的亚慢性毒性研究

目的 研究喹硫磷杀虫剂对大鼠的亚慢性作用。     

Beagle犬灌胃厄多司坦盐酸氨溴索混合物的急性和亚慢性毒性研究

目的 观察Beagle犬给予厄多司坦盐酸氨溴索混合物后出现的急性和亚慢性毒性反应,为临床安全用药剂量的设计和毒副反应监测提供参考.方法 选用Beagle犬进行急性和13周亚慢性毒性试验.急性试验中,设置厄多司坦盐酸氨溴索混合物剂量组(5.04 g/kg)、厄多司坦组(4.80 g/kg)、盐酸氨溴索组(0.24 g/k...     

杀螟丹对大鼠的亚慢性经口毒性研究

杀螟丹（cartap）属沙蚕毒素类农药，它是1965年由日本成功开发的第1个沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂，也是人类历史上第1次成功利用动物毒素进行仿生合成的动物源性杀虫剂。国内引进使用多年，广泛应用于水稻、蔬菜、茶树及旱粮作物害虫的防治，是一种高效低毒的广谱性农药。在我国农药的使用量大，据农业部统计我国农药年用量为80～100万吨，其中使用在农作物、果树及花卉等方面的化学农药约占95％以上，目前有关杀螟丹的毒性研究甚少。为此本试验进行杀螟丹亚慢性经口毒性研究，以期为评价杀螟丹的毒性及防治其可能不良影响提供依据。     

Scientific evaluation of the acute toxicity and 13-week subchronic toxicity of Rheum emodi rhizome extracts in Sprague Dawley rats

Rheum emodi has been used as an edible and medicinal plant in Tibet and Kashmir for a long period of time, while safety evaluation of this plant has not yet been investigated. In this study, acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of aqueous extract of R. emodi (AERE) rhizome were conducted in SD rats. Animals were treated with a single dose of 1000, 2000, 4000 or 10,000 mg/kg of AERE in the acute toxicity. In subchronic oral toxicity, animals were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats/sex/group) and received doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg/d of AERE for 90 days. Daily clinical observations, weekly measurement of body weight and food consumption were conducted. Blood and urine were collected on days 91 to measure changes. At necropsy, selected organs were weighed and recorded, and histological examination was performed. During the subchronic oral toxicity study, no mortality, obvious treatment-related clinical signs and urinalysis parameters were observed. Differences in weight gain, food consumption, hematology, biochemistry, relative organ weight and histopathology examinations between the treated group and the control group were not considered treatment-related. Our results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for AERE was 4000 mg/kg/d in both genders.     

Safety assessment of methanol extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus): Acute and subchronic toxicity studies

Recently, the fruits of Hylocereus polyrhizus, known as red dragon fruit, have received much attention from growers worldwide. However, there is little toxicological information regarding the safety of repeated exposure to these fruits. The present study evaluated the potential toxicity of a methanol extract of H. polyrhizus fruit after acute and subchronic administration in rats. In the acute toxicity study, single doses of fruit extract (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg) were administered to rats by oral gavage, and the rats were then monitored for 14 days. In the subchronic toxicity study, the fruit extract was administered orally to rats at doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. There was no mortality or signs of acute or subchronic toxicity. There was no significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight or hematological parameters in the subchronic toxicity study. Biochemical analysis showed some significant changes, including creatinine, globulin, total protein and urea levels. No abnormality of internal organs was observed between treatment and control groups. The lethal oral dose of the fruit extract is more than 5000 mg/kg and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the extract for both male and female rats is considered to be 5000 mg/kg per day for 28 days.     

Acute and subchronic toxicity of sulfotep

Sulfotep (TEDP) was evaluated for its acute and subchronic toxicity. The oral LD₅₀ values in laboratory animals range from 3 to 30 mg/kg body weight. The most susceptible animals tested were cats and dogs. TEDP was readily absorbed by the intact skin of rats. Following oral administration of effective doses of TEDP to male rats, the cholinesterase activity in blood showed the greatest depression, which determines the poisoning symptoms, within 24 hrs after application. The antidotes atrophie, pralidoxime, and obidoxime effectively counteracted TEDP in rats and hens. The compound did not cause any neurotoxic effects in hens or any primary damaging effects on the skin and mucous membranes of rabbits.Male and female rats were maintained for 3 months on a diet containing TEDP at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 ppm, respectively. Dietary levels of 50 ppm and below did not affect the appearance, behavior, weight-gain, hematological values, composition of the urine, organ weights, and morphology of organs. There was a dose-related inhibition of the blood cholinesterase activity at 20 and 50 ppm.The following inhalation LC₅₀ values were determined for rats and mice following inhalation of TEDP aerosols: 1 hr exposure: male rats 330, female rats 160, male mice 155; 4 hr exposure: male rats 59, female rats 38, male mice 40 mg/m³ air. The exposure of rats to concentrations of 0.89, 1.94, and 2.83 mg/m³, respectively, for 12 weeks, 6 hrs daily, five times weekly, resulted only in effects on the animals inhaling aerosols of the highest concentration. This group showed some edema of the lungs and a significant depression of the plasma cholinesterase activity. The results are in agreement with the established maximum allowable concentration of 0.2 mg/m³.     

Acute and 13 weeks subchronic toxicological evaluation of naringin in Sprague-Dawley rats

Naringin is widely distributed in plant foods and has not previously been evaluated for safety through standard in vivo toxicological studies. In the present study, acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies of naringin were designed and conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Acute oral administration of naringin was done as a single bolus dose up to 16 g/kg and subchronic toxicity study for 13 weeks was done by oral administration at doses of 0 (control), 50, 250 and 1250 mg/kg in SD rats. There were no mortality, adverse clinical signs, abnormal changes in body weights or food consumption, toxicologically relevant changes in hematology, clinical biochemistry and macroscopic findings during 14 days of the acute toxicity study. During the subchronic oral toxicity study, no mortality and toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, food consumption, opthalmoscopic examination, hematology, clinical biochemistry, serum sex hormone, macroscopic findings, organ weights and histopathological examination except for slight body weight decrease were noted and attributed to naringin administration. These observations suggest that naringin is practically non-toxic for SD rats in oral acute toxicity study and the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of naringin in rats is greater than 1250 mg/kg/day when administered orally for 13 consecutive weeks.     

Safety assessment of vitacoxib: Acute and 90-day sub-chronic oral toxicity studies

Vitacoxib, is a newly developed coxibs NSAID (selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2). To date, no experimental data have been published concerning its safety for use as an additive in the human diet. In the present study, we assessed the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of vitacoxib administered by gavage. The acute toxicity tests in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and ICR mice demonstrated that vitacoxib at a dose of 5000 mg/kg BW failed to alter any of the parameters studied. In the 90-day sub-chronic toxicity test, vitacoxib was administered to SD rats at the doses of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60 mg/kg BW. The results demonstrated that there were no significant differences for most indexes of sub-chronic toxicity throughout the experiment at the dose of 5–20 mg/kg BW, indicating no apparent dose-dependent. However, there were significant histopathology changes in the liver and kidney, and alterations in some biochemical parameters in the 60 mg/kg BW group. Based on these findings, the gavage LD₅₀ was determined to be > 5000 mg/kg in SD rats and ICR mice, and the 90-day gavage no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of vitacoxib was considered to be 20 mg/kg BW under the present study conditions.     

Evaluation of subchronic inhalation toxicity of methylcyclopentane in rats

The aim of this study was to verify subchronic inhalation toxicity of methylcyclopentane (CAS No. 96-37-7) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Four groups of 10 rats of each gender were exposed to methylcyclopentane vapor by whole-body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 290, 1300, or 5870 ppm for 6 h per day, 5 days/week over a 13-week period. During the study period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, organ weights, and histopathology were examined. Exposure-related clinical signs (salivation and rubbing) were observed in both genders of the 5870 ppm group. There was an increase in liver weight for both genders but the kidney weight was only higher in females than controls. However, no toxicologically significant changes were observed in body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, or histopathology in any of the treatment groups. Under the present experimental conditions, the target organs were determined to be kidney and liver in rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect concentration was considered to be 1300 ppm/6 h/day in rats.     

碘酸钾的亚慢性毒性研究

目的研究碘酸钾(KIO3)的亚慢性毒性作用。方法采用90 d喂养试验,断乳雌性Wistar大鼠80只,随机分为去离子水对照组和7个剂量组(分别含KIO33 0006、0001、2 0002、4 000、48 000、96 000和192 000μg/L),13周末,作视网膜电图(ERG)检查,处死动物,检测末期血常规、常规生化指标和血清甲状腺激素水平;称量并对脏器进行病理学检查。结果血清TT4、TT3和rT3随染毒剂量的增加而升高,而血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三脂(TG)水平从6 000μg/L剂量组即开始显著升高,血白细胞计数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);最高剂量组ERG a、b波振显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论碘酸钾的亚慢性毒性试验引起大鼠血清甲状腺激素水平下降、脂质代谢紊乱和视网膜功能性改变。该研究碘酸钾对大鼠的最大无作用剂量为3 000μg/L。血脂为高碘接触的最敏感指标。     

A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of hinokitiol administered in the diet to F344 rats

Myocarditis has been reported in male F344 rats given a diet containing hinokitiol (HT). A subchronic toxicity study was here performed to re-evaluate toxic effects of HT in both sexes of F344 rats with dietary administration at concentrations of 0%, 0.02%, 0.07% and 0.2% for 13 weeks. Significant reduction of body weight gain was noted in 0.2% males and 0.07% and above females. Significant decrease in RBC counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit was detected in 0.07% and 0.2% females. Significant increase in MCV was observed in 0.07% and above males and 0.2% females. In the rats given 0.07% and 0.2%, significant increase in total protein and albumin were detected in males, and in total cholesterol in females. Significant increases in total cholesterol, urea nitrogen and creatinine were also detected in the 0.2% males. Significant increase in relative liver weights was detected in the 0.07% and above males and females. Absolute and relative heart weights were significantly decreased in the 0.07% and above males. Based on the above findings the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of HT for both male and female rats was estimated to be 0.02%, translating into 12.7 and 14.8 mg/kg b.w./day, respectively. Myocarditis was not evident in the present study.     

Subchronic toxicity study of yttrium nitrate by 90-day repeated oral exposure in rats

Concerns regarding the adverse effects of long-term exposure to low levels of rare earth elements (REEs) from foods on human health have arisen in recent years. Nevertheless, no official acceptable daily intake (ADI) has yet been proposed for either total REEs or individual REE. In accordance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) testing guideline, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of yttrium, a representative heavy REE with higher contaminated level in foods in China, to achieve a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) which is a critical basis for the establishment of an ADI. Yttrium nitrate was orally administered to rats at doses of 0, 10, 30 and 90 mg/kg/day for 90 days followed by a recovery period of 4 weeks. The following toxicity indices were measured: mortality, clinical signs, daily food consumption and weekly body weight; urinalysis, hematology, blood coagulation, clinical biochemistry and histopathology at the end of administration and recovery periods. No toxicologically significant changes were found in any yttrium-treated group as compared to the concurrent control group. Under the present experimental condition, the NOAEL in rats was thus set at 90 mg/kg for yttrium nitrate, i.e. 29.1 mg/kg for yttrium.     

Evaluation of short-term and subchronic toxicity of magnolia bark extract in rats

Magnolia bark has been traditionally used in Chinese and Japanese medicines, and its extract is a constituent of currently marketed dietary supplements and cosmetic products. The safety of magnolia bark extract (MBE) was assessed in short-term and subchronic studies. In a 21-day pilot study, rats were administered MBE at levels of 0, 60, 120, 240 or 480 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day in the diet. There were no treatment-related effects in clinical observations, macroscopic or microscopic findings, hematological, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, or organ weight measurements, and there were no deaths or significant differences in body weight and weight gain. In the 90-day study, rats were administered 0, 60, 120 or 240 mg MBE/kg bw/day in the diet. No mortality, ophthalmic abnormalities or treatment-related findings in clinical observations, hematology, coagulation or organ weight measurements were observed. There were no treatment-related macroscopic or microscopic findings. Differences between treated and control groups in body weight, weight gain, food consumption and utilization, clinical chemistry and urinalysis parameters were not considered toxicologically significant as they were not dose-related and/or because values remained within historical control ranges. These results support the safety of MBE for oral consumption.