Submerged fermentation improves bioactivity of mulberry fruits and leaves

Objective Mulberry (Morus spp.) fruits and leaves have been proven to possess nutraceutical properties. Due to its fast and easy growing characteristics, mulberry fruits (MF) and leaves (ML) potentially emerge as a great source of functional foods. This study aims to enhance bioactivities (antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic activity) of MF and ML via submerged fermentation using bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum TAR 4), yeast (Baker’s yeast and red yeast) and fungi (Tempeh and Tapai starter). Methods In this study, 25% (mass to volume ratio) of MF and ML were fermented (48 h) with 1% (mass to volume ratio) of different microbial cultures, respectively. Effects of different fermentations on MF and ML were determined based on the changes of total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins, total sugar, DPPH activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), albumin denaturation inhibition activity (ADI), anti-lipoxygenase activity and α-amylase inhibition activity (AI). Results Generally, ML had higher AI than MF. However, MF exhibited higher DPPH, FRAP and anti-lipoxygenase activity than ML. After all forms of fermentation, DPPH and AI activity of MF and ML were increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, the effects of fermentation on TPC, FRAP, ADI and anti-lipoxygenase activity of MF were in contrast with ML. TPC, FRAP and anti-lipoxygenase activity of ML were enhanced, but reduced in MF after fermentation. Although the effects exerted by different microorganisms in MF and ML fermentation were different, the bioactivities of MF and ML were generally improved after fermentation. Fermentation by Tempeh starter enhanced TPC (by 2-fold), FRAP (by 2.3-fold), AI (at 10% increment) and anti-lipoxygenase activity (by 5-fold) of ML, whereas Tapai fermentation effectively enhanced the DPPH (at 17% increment) and ADI (by 2-fold) activity of MF. Conclusion Findings of this study provide an insight into the future process design of MF and ML processing into novel functional foods.     

Chemical compounds as well as antioxidant and litholytic activities of Arbutus unedo L. leaves against calcium oxalate stones

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to quantify and identify the bioactive compounds of the Arbutus unedo L. leaves in order to evaluate both their antioxidant properties and litholytic activities against calcium oxalate stones.MethodsThis survey was carried out using hydroalcoholic extract (E.FA) and infusion (I.FA) of A. unedo leaves. The quantification of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavonols and anthocyanins was done by spectrophotometric methods and identification of chemical components was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was measured using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and by the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Litholytic activity of E.FA and I.FA was studied using a special model that resembles circuitry of the urinary system.ResultsE.FA showed greater antioxidant efficacy than I.FA (P < 0.05). Its higher efficiency was shown via the values of median inhibitory concentration, which was close to (76.14 ± 0.91) µg/mL for E.FA versus (202.64 ± 5.77) μg/mL for I.FA using the DPPH method, and (53.77 ± 0.81) μg/mL for E.FA versus (236.86 ± 31.90) μg/mL for I.FA, using FRAP method. I.FA exhibited significantly higher litholytic activity compared to E.FA (P < 0.05), with dissolution values of 31.03% ± 0.63% versus 14.55% ± 0.65%, respectively.ConclusionOverall, the results suggest that the A. unedo is rich in bioactive compounds, and possesses antioxidant and litholitic abilities that are worthy of further study.     

Combined enzymatic hydrolysis and herbal extracts fortification to boost in vitro antioxidant activity of edible bird’s nest solution

Objective Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a popular traditional tonic food in Chinese population for centuries. Malaysia is one of the main EBN suppliers in the world. This study aims to explore the best strategy to boost the antioxidant potential of EBN solution. Methods In this study, the raw EBN (4%, mass to volume ratio) was initially enzymatic hydrolyzed using papain enzyme to produce EBN hydrolysate (EBNH), then spray-dried into powdered form. Next, 4% (mass to volume ratio) of EBNH powder was dissolved in ginger extract (GE), mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and cinnamon twig extract (CTE) to detect the changes of antioxidant activities, respectively. Results Results obtained suggest that enzymatic hydrolysis significantly reduced the viscosity of 4% EBN solution from (68.12 ± 0.69) mPa.s to (7.84 ± 0.31) mPa.s. Besides, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total soluble protein, DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were substantially increased following EBN hydrolysis using papain enzyme. In addition, fortification with GE, MLE and CTE had further improved the TPC, TFC, DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP of the EBNH solution. Among the samples, MLE-EBNH solution showed the most superior antioxidant potential at (86.39 ± 1.66)% of DPPH scavenging activity and (19.79 ± 2.96) mmol/L FeSO4 of FRAP. Conclusion This study proved that combined enzymatic hydrolysis and MLE fortification is the best strategy to produce EBN product with prominent in vitro antioxidant potential. This preliminary study provides new insight into the compatibility of EBN with different herbal extracts for future health food production.     

板蓝根不同提取部位的体外抗氧化活性

目的:考察板蓝根不同提取部位的体外抗氧化活性.方法:用大孔树脂和阴、阳离子交换树脂制备板蓝根3个有效部位:总木脂素、总有机酸、总生物碱部位.结合酶标仪,通过清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和Fe3+还原能力(FRAP)测定板蓝根提取物的体外抗氧化作用.结果:板蓝根颗粒组及各个提取物组均有不同程度的体外抗氧化效果.其中以总木脂素抗氧化效果最佳(DPPH IC50 160.6 mg·L-1;FRAP 0.75 mmol·g-1);其次为板蓝根颗粒组(DPPH IC50 595.97 mg·L-1;FRAP 0.12 mmol·g-1);总有机酸,总生物碱部位效果较弱.结论:测定了板蓝根中不同有效部位的抗氧化活性,初步确定其抗氧化相关活性成分主要存在于木脂素部位.     

何首乌醋酸乙酯提取部位与二苯乙烯苷的调血脂作用

目的 研究何首乌醋酸乙酯提取部位(EAFF-PM)与有效成分二苯乙烯苷的调血脂作用.方法 观察EAEF PM和二苯乙烯苷对正常小鼠血脂及肝脏指数的影响;小鼠ip Triton致急性高脂血症模型,观察EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷对模型小鼠血脂水平的影响;以大鼠食饵性高脂血症为模型,给予高脂饲料的同时给予EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷,连续28 d,测定血脂、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,肝组织中总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平以及肝脏指数.结果 对正常小鼠,二苯乙烯苷和EAEF-PM均有升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),降低血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的作用.EAEF-PM和二苯乙烯苷对ip Triton致高脂血症小鼠的血清TC、TG和LDL-C均有降低作用,对HDL-C均有升高作用.EAEF-PM 60mg/kg明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的肝脏指数;EAEF-PM 30、60 mg/kg明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型的血清TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA水平和TC/HDL-C值,明显升高血清HDL-C和NO水平以及SOD活性,二苯乙烯苷对各项指标的作用强度略低于EAEF-PM,但无显著性差异.结论 何首乌中EAEF-PM及二苯乙烯苷均具有调血脂、抗氧化,保护血管内皮的功能,二苯乙烯苷为发挥药效作用的主要物质,提示可用于预防高脂血症.     

Antioxidant activity of yellow dock (Rumex crispus L., Polygonaceae) fruit extract

The methanol extract of ripe Rumex crispus L. fruits was evaluated for its antioxidant potential by assays for ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH‐free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and the influence on lipid peroxidation in liposomes (LP). Considerable activity was observed in all test systems (FRAP: 9.9 mmol Fe²⁺/g; DPPH IC₅₀: 3.7 μg/mL; LP IC₅₀: 4.9 μg/mL), comparable to that of BHT (FRAP: 8.0 μg/mL; DPPH IC₅₀: 19.4 μg/mL; LP IC₅₀: 3.5 μg/mL), but lower than the activity of ascorbic acid, rutin and quercetin, used as positive control substances. The in vivo effects were evaluated in several hepatic antioxidant systems (activities of LPx, GSH‐Px, Px, CAT and XOD, as well as GSH content), after treatment with the studied yellow dock extract in different doses, or in combination with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Pretreatment with the R. crispus extract inhibited CCl₄‐induced oxidative stress by decreasing LPx and increasing GSH content in a dose dependent manner, bringing the levels of antioxidant enzymes to near control values. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

侧柏叶不同提取部位抑制胰脂肪酶及抗氧化活性筛选

目的:考察侧柏叶不同提取部位体外抑制胰脂肪酶活性和抗氧化活性。方法:对侧柏叶的醇提液、石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位、水部位采用体外抑制胰脂肪酶活性研究,并通过其清除1,1二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和Fe3+还原能力(FRAP)测定侧柏叶提取物的体外抗氧化作用。结果:侧柏叶提取物均有不同程度抑制胰脂肪酶活性,以乙酸乙酯部位效果最佳(IC50为26.09 mg·L-1),其次正丁醇部位(IC50为39.02 mg·L-1)和醇提物(IC50为98.20 mg·L-1),石油醚部位(IC50为188.27 mg·L-1)和水部位(IC50为325.28 mg·L-1)最弱。抗氧化活性依次为醇提液(DPPH IC50为7.59 mg·L-1,FRAP 4.40 mmol·g-1)乙酸乙酯部位(DPPH IC50为8.28 mg·L-1,FRAP 3.82 mmol·g-1)正丁醇部位(DPPH IC50为24.21mg·L-1,FRAP 1.77 mmol·g-1)水部位(DPPH IC50为27.53 mg·L-1,FRAP 1.38 mmol·g-1)石油醚部位。结论:初步确定侧柏叶抑制胰脂肪酶活性有效成分主要在乙酸乙酯与正丁醇部位,抗氧化及其相关成分主要在乙酸乙酯部位。     

刺五加根有效组分的抗氧化活性分析

目的:研究刺五加根有效组分在不同质量浓度下的体外抗氧化活性,筛选最佳有效组分,为刺五加根的研究和开发提供参考。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定各组分中总黄酮和总皂苷含量,检测波长分别为510,550 nm。利用超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)清除法,羟基自由基(·OH)清除法,1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼基(DPPH)自由基清除法和亚铁还原能力实验(FRAP)法测定刺五加根不同有效组分的抗氧化活性。结果:不同有效组分的刺五加根在一定质量浓度范围内均有一定的抗氧化活性,且随着质量浓度的增加抗氧化能力越强。在O-2·清除法模型中,质量浓度为20 g·L~(-1)时,30%乙醇洗脱部位清除率(91.61±2.59)%。在·OH清除法模型中,质量浓度为1.0 g·L~(-1)时,30%乙醇洗脱部位清除率(90.29±2.06)%。在DPPH自由基清除法模型中,质量浓度为0.7 g·L~(-1)时,30%乙醇洗脱部位清除率清除率达(84.45±0.14)%。在FRAP法中,质量浓度为1.0 g·L~(-1)时,30%乙醇洗脱部位的FRAP值3 474±36.84。结论:刺五加根各有效组分均有一定的抗氧化活性,30%乙醇洗脱部位的抗氧化能力最强,可开发成天然的植物抗氧化剂。     

不同天数银杏叶发酵液提取物的体外抗氧化活性比较

目的： 考察银杏叶培养基经过冠突散囊菌发酵不同时间后乙酸乙酯提取物的体外抗氧化活性。 方法： 将冠突散囊菌接种于银杏叶培养基中分别发酵4,7,11,14 d后,真空抽滤得到滤液,利用溶剂分级萃取得到提取液,以未发酵银杏叶乙 酸乙酯提取液作为对照。结合酶标仪,通过清除DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基、ABTS 自由基,以及铁还原能力,比较不同发酵天数乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化能力。 结果： 测定了不同天数银杏叶发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性,发现11 d发酵液提取物抗氧化活性最强,DPPH半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）105.60 mg·L^-1,ABTS IC₅₀ 102.09 mg·L^-1更接近维生素C（VC）的IC₅₀值,同时,11 d组铁还原实验的吸光度在不同浓度梯度下均为最大值。 结论： 初步确定银杏叶培养基发酵11 d后,发酵液中的抗氧化活性成分积累量最大。     

Inhibition of phagocytic and intracellular killing activity of human neutrophils by aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Ixora coccinea

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ixora coccinea is widely used in Ayurveda and traditional medicinal practices in Sri Lanka and in Asia for acute bronchitis, reddened eyes and eruptions and dermatological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the underling mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Ixora coccinea with respect to its inhibitory activity on human neutrophils.

Materials and methods

Freeze-dried products of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts (ALE and MLE) prepared from mature fresh leaves of Ixora coccinea and total human leukocytes purified by Dextran sedimentation were used in this study. Three in vitro functional assays were developed and used to assess the inhibitory effects of ALE and MLE on human neutrophils, (i) assay for change-in-shape (CIS) for inhibitory effects on neutrophil polarization, (ii) yeast phagocytosis assay to investigate phagocytic activity of neutrophils and (iii) an optimized quantitative NBT assay to detect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Results

Both ALE and MLE demonstrated maximum inhibition at 500 µg/ml for CIS (75% and 79% respectively; IC₅₀ values 44.5 and 24.0 µg/ml respectively), yeast phagocytosis (100%; IC₅₀ values 18.0 and 30.0 µg/ml respectively) and ROS production (47% and 67% respectively; IC₅₀ values 248 and 360 µg/ml respectively). All three inhibitory effects of both ALE and MLE were dose-dependent (P<0.05).

Conclusion

This study has shown that both ALE and MLE of Ixora coccinea exhibit potent anti-neutrophil activity that inhibits its intracellular killing which was demonstrated by the significant inhibition of neutrophil activation, phagocytosis, and production of ROS. MLE showed more potent anti-neutrophil activity compared to ALE reflecting a higher anti-inflammatory activity.     

艾纳香不同部位提取物的抗氧化活性及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

目的:考察艾纳香不同部位提取物的抗氧化活性及其对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用,筛选具有抗氧化活性及美白作用的有效部位。方法:采用水,50%乙醇及95%乙醇3种不同极性溶剂分别回流提取艾纳香的功能叶、嫩叶、嫩茎;运用DPPH,ABTS,FRAP法及酪氨酸酶抑制活性试验分别比较各部分提取物的相关活性。结果:艾纳香功能叶、嫩叶、嫩茎的95%乙醇提取物DPPH自由基清除率大于其他溶剂提取物,依次为95.38%,91.32%,92.49%;ABTS,FRAP法及酪氨酸酶抑制试验结果显示艾纳香功能叶和嫩叶的50%乙醇和95%乙醇提取物均具有较好的活性,当各提取物质量浓度为1 500 mg·L-1时,艾纳香功能叶的水,50%乙醇和95%乙醇提取物对ABTS自由基的清除率分别为26.54%,82.48%,67.46%,嫩叶的3种提取物分别为34.15%,95.39%,59.59%,嫩茎的3种提取物分别为52.05%,39.35%,38.77%。功能叶的水,50%乙醇及95%乙醇提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制率分别为24.24%,32.79%,37.97%;嫩叶不同提取物的抑制率分别为27.12%,36.53%,34.19%,嫩茎的则依次为31.36%,26.22%,24.00%。结论:艾纳香提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性和酪氨酸酶抑制作用,其中功能叶和嫩叶为其主要活性部位。     

冬虫夏草提取物调血脂与抗氧化活性

目的:研究冬虫夏草提取物(YCC)在调血脂与抗氧化方面的活性。方法:建立高脂饮食诱导的高脂血症金黄地鼠模型,连续ig给予200 mg·kg-1的YCC 4周后,比色法测定动物血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)的含量,观察YCC调节脂质代谢的活性;基于体外分子水平反应体系,运用比色、荧光、化学发光的方法评价不同浓度YCC对DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟自由基、脂质过氧自由基、过氧化氢及过氧亚硝基的清除活性;建立铜离子诱导人低密度脂蛋白(LDL)氧化修饰模型,并观察YCC对LDL氧化过程的影响。结果:与模型组比较,YCC在200 mg·kg-1剂量下明显降低了高脂饮食饲养的地鼠血清中TC,TG,LDL-c含量,同时升高HDL-c/LDL-c(P<0.05);YCC对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基(DPPH)和过氧化氢的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为(125.6±3.4)mg·L-1,(758.9±11.2)mg·L-1;YCC对脂质过氧自由基、过氧亚硝基、羟自由基的最大清除率分别为(86.5±14.5)%,(64.4±3.3)%,(44.1±6.0)%;YCC在50,100 mg·L-1浓度下可明显延长铜离子诱导LDL氧化过程的滞留时相。结论:YCC在体内显示出调血脂、体外显示出抗氧化活性。     

Quality Evaluation of Astragali Radix based on DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Chemical Analysis

Objective To assess the quality of Astragali Radix from different areas based on the biological evaluation and chemical analysis. Methods The bioassay method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity for Astragali Radix was established. The parameters of DPPH assay including sample extraction time, reaction time, repeatability, and stability were detected. Furthermore, a method of HPLC-MS was developed to simultaneously determine calycosin-7-O-glucoside, ononin, formononetin, and astragaloside IV in Astragali Radix samples. And the total flavonoids and total saponins were detected by spectrophotometry. The relationship between DPPH evaluation and chemical analysis was studied by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Twelvebatches of Astragali Radix from different origins showed a wide range of DPPH radical scavenging activities(IC50 = 1.395-9.894 μg/mL). Based on DPPH assay, Sample 10 derived from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(IC50 = 1.395 μg/mL) showed the best quality of all samples. Chemical analysis showed that different compounds selected as indices would cause different results for quality evaluation. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the contents of total flavonoids(P = 0.032), calycosin-7-glucoside(P =0.035), and astragaloside IV(P = 0.010) were positively correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity. Conclusion Except for chemical analysis, DPPH radical scavenging activity can be used as a good alternative to assess and control the quality of Astragali Radix.     

Antiglycation and antioxidant activities of the crude extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris before and after microcapsule release

ObjectiveThe present study investigated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestris. It also developed a method of microencapsulation and evaluated antiglycation and antioxidant activities of crude dry extract and saponin fraction before and after microcapsule release.MethodsAntiglycation activity was determined by relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), free amino groups and inhibition of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) tests. Microcapsules were prepared using maltodextrin as wall material and freeze-drying as encapsulation technique. Morphological characterization of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and encapsulation efficiency and microcapsule release were determined by total saponins released. Antiglycation and antioxidant assays were performed using crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T. terrestris before and after release.ResultsSaponin fraction showed an increase of 32.8% total saponins. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of saponins in the obtained fraction. Antiglycation evaluation by REM demonstrated that samples before and after release presented antiglycation activity similar to bovine serum albumin treated with aminoguanidine. Additionally, samples inhibited AGE formation, highlighting treatment with saponin fraction after release (89.89%). Antioxidant tests demonstrated antioxidant activity of the samples. Crude dry extract before encapsulation presented the highest activities in DPPH (92.00%) and TBARS (32.49%) assays. Saponin fraction before encapsulation in FRAP test (499 μmol Trolox equivalent per gram of dry sample) and NO test (15.13 μmol nitrite formed per gram of extract) presented the highest activities.ConclusionThis study presented antiglycation activity of crude dry extract and saponin fraction of T. terrestris, besides it demonstrated promising antioxidant properties. It also showed that the encapsulation method was efficient and maintained biological activity of bioactive compounds after microcapsule release. These results provide information for further studies on antidiabetic and antiaging potential, and data for new herbal medicine and food supplement formulations containing microcapsules with crude extract and/or saponin fraction of T. terrestris.     

A comparative study of Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix & Rhizoma raw material and granule products using chromatographic analysis and antioxidant activity

ObjectiveGranules of herbal extracts are a popular medicinal preparation consumed in traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice. However, their quality and efficacy evaluation are lacking. This study aimed to compare the quality and anti-oxidant activity of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix & Rhizoma) granule extracts with their herbal extracts.MethodsChromatographic method was used to determine the content of 7 marker compounds in the water extracts of the herb compared to that of 12 granule extracts. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal component analysis (PCA) distinguished the herbal and granule extracts based on the content of the marker compounds. The antioxidant activities of herbal and granule extracts were evaluated by 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), organic chemical compound 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.ResultsThe herbal extracts group showed significantly higher contents of salvianolic acid B, sodium danshensu and cryptotanshinone compared with that of the granule group. This corresponded to significantly higher ABTS, DPPH and FRAP (P < .05) activities of the herbal extracts. The AHC and PCA analysis distinguished granule extracts from most herbal extracts predominantly by the content of salvianolic acid B.ConclusionThe results confirm the need for the assessment of granule products so that healthcare practitioners and consumers are better informed of their quality and efficacy.     

迈康片对高脂血症大鼠血管保护的作用机制研究

目的:研究迈康片对高脂血症大鼠血管的保护及作用机制。方法:根据血清总胆固醇(TC)水平将实验大鼠随机分为基础饲料正常组、高脂饲料模型组和迈康片低(0.47 g·kg-1)、中(0.94 g·kg-1)、高(1.88 g·kg-1)3个剂量组。高脂饲料模型组和迈康片各剂量组每日以高脂饲料喂养,正常组以基础饲料喂养。各组分别ig各剂量药物,持续30 d,测定各组大鼠血清中血脂水平及丙二醛(MDA)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、前列环素(PGI2)、内皮源性超极化因子(EDHF)、一氧化氮(NO)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性。结果:与正常组比较,模型组的体质量无太大变化,模型组高脂血症大鼠TC,甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),MDA,ET-1,CGRP,PGI2,EDHF,NO含量明显升高(P0.05,P0.01),NOS活性显著升高(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量、SOD活性显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,迈康片对受试动物体质量无影响,而迈康片均能使高脂血症大鼠TC,TG,LDL-C,MDA,ET-1,CGRP,PGI2,EDHF,NO含量明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),NOS活性显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),HDL-C含量,SOD活性显著升高(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:迈康片对高脂血症模型大鼠血管具有显著的保护修复作用。     

草苁蓉正丁醇萃取物的抗氧化活性及物质基础初步研究

目的考察草苁蓉Boschniakia rossica正丁醇萃取部位的体内外抗氧化活性,并初步确定其抗氧化作用的物质基础。方法以清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基能力、亚铁还原能力实验(FRAP法)为指标,检测草苁蓉不同极性萃取部位的体外抗氧化活性;以D-半乳糖诱导衰老大鼠为模型,考察草苁蓉正丁醇萃取部位对大鼠肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响;采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对草苁蓉正丁醇萃取部位化学成分进行初步分析。结果草苁蓉正丁醇萃取部位对DPPH、ABTS自由基具有良好的清除作用,且在亚铁还原实验的FRAP测定中表现良好;与模型组比较,草苁蓉正丁醇萃取部位各剂量组大鼠肝脏组织中MDA、SOD、CAT指标均有显著改善(P0.01),表现为MDA水平降低,SOD、CAT活性升高,并回调到正常水平以上,其体内抗氧化作用呈现剂量依赖性。经液质联用分析从草苁蓉正丁醇萃取部位中共鉴定出19种化学成分,其中14个为苯丙素苷类(PPGs)。结论草苁蓉正丁醇萃取部位具有很好的抗氧化活性,其主要有效成分为PPGs。     

Anti-oxidative Activities of Ethanol Extracts from Both Wild Plant and Suspension Cell Cultures of Rheum franzenbachii

Objective To evaluate the content of rhaponticin and anti-oxidative activities of theethanol extracts from both the wild plants and suspension cell cultures of Rheum franzenbachii.Methods Quantitative analysis of rhaponticin was performed by HPLC.The anti-oxidative activities of the ethanol extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging assays.Results The content of rhaponticin in the roots of the wild plant was 4.36 mg/g,while the content was only 1.59 mg/g in the leaves.The content of rhaponticin in suspension cells cultured on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BAP)and 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dicholorophenoxy acetic acid(2,4-D)was 17.64 mg/g,which increased by 4.05 times compared with the content in the roots of the wild plants.The roots of wild plants displayed the strongest anti-oxidative activity,followed by thesuspension cells 5 and 6,and the scavenging percent was 91.96%,91.23%,and 89.27%,respectively,at the concentration of 100μg/mL.The IC50 values were 2.477,15.644,and 31.415μg/mL,respectively.In particular,the DPPH scavenging activity of the ethanol extracts from the roots of the wild plant was generally comparable to the control of ascorbic acid(VC),and the IC50 value of the extracts was lower than that of VC(2.502μg/mL).Conclusion Rhaponticin production in the cell culture can be modulated and the accumulation can be increased.The roots of the wild plant display the strongest anti-oxidative activity.These results suggest that R.franzenbachii could hold a good potential source for human health.     

复方降脂灵降血脂作用的实验研究

目的：研究复方降脂灵（Fufang Jiangzhiling，FJ）降血脂的药理作用。方法：观察复方降脂灵对小鼠实验性高脂血症及大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型中胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量的影响。结果：复方降脂灵能抑制Triton WR-1339所致小鼠TC、TG的升高，明显降低大鼠食饵性高脂血症模型TC、TG的含量。结论：复方降脂灵有一定的降血脂作用。     

山楂、泽泻、决明子与红曲霉混合发酵产物对高血脂大鼠调脂作用研究

目的探究山楂、泽泻、决明子与紫色红曲霉混合发酵产物(调脂中药红曲)对食源性高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的调节作用。方法以高脂饲料连续饲喂SD大鼠4周建立高脂血症动物模型,将实验大鼠分为对照组、模型组、调脂中药红曲预防组、脂必泰胶囊阳性组、大米红曲组、调脂中药红曲治疗组。分别连续给药4周,测定各组大鼠血清中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的水平变化。结果调脂中药红曲预防组造模同时连续给药4周后,大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低(P0.001),HDL-C水平显著升高(P0.05)。造模4周后给药4周的治疗实验结果表明,与给药前组相比,大米红曲组大鼠血清TC、LDL-C水平显著降低(P0.01),而TG、HDL-C水平变化不明显;调脂中药红曲组和脂必泰组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低(P0.05、0.01),HDL-C水平显著升高(P0.05、0.01),且其对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用优于大米红曲组。对比肝脏指数和脾脏指数发现调脂中药红曲具有较好的安全性。结论调脂中药与红曲霉混合固态发酵所得产物可有效抑制食源性高脂血症的形成,对食源性高脂血症大鼠血清血脂水平有良好的调节作用,发酵产物中中药调脂成分与红曲调脂成分具有协同作用。