彝族药紫地榆的研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

紫地榆（Geranium strictipes Knuth）为云南省特有的民族药,其药用历史悠久,常用于治疗便血、痔血、血痢、崩漏、水火烫伤、痈肿疮毒等,在彝族应用广泛。在对紫地榆化学成分、药理作用研究论述的基础上,从原植物亲缘学及化学成分特有性、传统功效及药性、新的药效用途、化学成分可测性等方面对紫地榆的质量标志物（Q-marker）进行预测分析,为明确紫地榆Q-marker和建立科学的质量控制方法提供依据。     

彝族药固公果根化学成分和药理活性研究进展及其质量标志物预测分析

目的：基于中药质量标志物（Quality Maker, Q-marker）理论,预测固公果根的Q-marker,为固公果根建立科学的质量控制方法提供依据。方法：结合固公果根化学成分、质量控制、药理学研究,从原植物亲缘学及化学成分特有性、传统功效及药性和新的药效用途等多角度分析和预测固公果根Q-marker的候选化合物。结果与结论：固公果根主要为三萜类、鞣质、酚酸、黄酮类和甾体类等化合物,具抑菌、抗炎、调节胃肠功能等现代药理活性,但质量控制环节较为薄弱。综合Q-marker相关理论,建议考虑将固公果根药材中7个三萜类成分（2α,3α,19α,23-四羟基-熊果-12-烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷、野蔷薇苷、蔷薇酸、冬青苷B、绢毛榄仁苷、熊果酸、齐墩果酸）和4个鞣质、酚酸类成分（儿茶素、原花青素B3、没食子酸、鞣花酸）作为固公果根药材Q-marker的候选化合物。     

基于质量标志物的注射用益气复脉（冻干）质量评价与监测技术研究进展

介绍了以质量标志物（Q-marker）为目标开展的注射用益气复脉（冻干）（YQFM）质量评价与监测技术研究进展，为开展全面的YQFM质量评价与控制创造了必要条件，也为中药Q-marker理论成果向制药工业质量控制实践转化提供参考。包括在药品全生命周期内构建基于Q-marker的质量评价及监测体系技术路线，针对不同组方药材、生产工艺中间体以及成品中Q-marker的分析技术研究结果；基于近红外光谱技术的生产过程分析技术体系，在生产过程中对Q-marker实施监控，为药品生产全过程的质量评价提供技术支撑。     

枸杞子的药理作用及价值

枸杞为茄科植物枸杞成熟果实,近年来,枸杞予作为药食兼用的名贵资源,已为国内外学者所瞩目,特别是国内的许多学者在枸杞子的研究领域中,如枸杞子的化学成分、结构以及功能评价等各个方面进行了许多卓有成效的工作,枸杞具有增强免疫、降血脂、抗脂肪肝、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗应激等多种生理功效,枸杞中含有己多糖、多种氮基酸、微量元素、维生素、牛磺酸、生物碱及挥发油等化学成分,枸杞多糖是其中最重要的活性成分,许多学者用现代医学理论和仪器方法研究了枸杞子的化学成分及功能因子,这些研究资料表明,枸杞子不仅营养丰富,而且确实具有多方面的保健功能作用.本文对枸杞子的药理作用进行了初步分析,从而更加进一步的了解到枸杞子的药用价值.     

益肾颗粒制备工艺的研究

益肾颗粒系由人参、黄芪、熟地黄、陈皮、肉豆蔻、枸杞子等多味中药组成,具有温肾壮阳,补益精血之功效.作者根据各药味所含有的化学成分以及药理作用,对制备工艺进行优化筛选,确保了药品质量.     

三棱活性成分研究概况及质量标志物的预测分析

目的:归纳其化学成分及其药理活性,预测其质量标志物(Q-marker),为其药材、饮片及相应制剂的质量控制提供科学依据。方法:以"三棱""活性成分""苯丙素""黄酮""有机酸""环二肽""Sparganium stoloniferum""Sparganii Rhizoma""Active ingredient""Phenylpropanine""Flavonoids""Organic acid""Cyclic dipeptide"为关键词,在中国知网、维普网、万方数据、Sci Finder等数据库中组合查询1996年1月-2020年6月发表的相关文献,归纳三棱所含化学成分及其药理活性;同时,结合加工炮制、配伍代谢、质量评价等研究概况,基于中药Q-marker的"五原则"从成分有效性、特有性、可测性、传递与溯源(加工与炮制、入血)以及临床配伍等方面进行分析,推测三棱的Q-marker。结果与结论:三棱中主要含有苯丙素类、黄酮类、有机酸类、环二肽类、生物碱及挥发油等多种成分,其中阿魏酸、p-香豆酸和香草酸能抗血小板聚集,总黄酮具有镇痛作用,环(苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸)具有抗凝活性,铝络合黑三棱碱三糖苷具有抗肿瘤作用。上述活性成分类型均可作为三棱Q-marker筛选的来源,其中苯丙素类、黄酮类、有机酸类为必定之选;此外,需要加强对三棱特征性成分阿魏酸蔗糖酯或甘油酯衍生物、异香豆素类及生物碱类成分等的定量分析及药理作用研究。     

浅谈枸杞子

枸杞子来源于茄科植物宁夏枸杞的干燥成熟果实。枸杞子的主要化学成分有枸杞多糖、氨基酸、黄酮类、甜菜碱、维生素 C 及微量元素等。枸杞子具有滋补肝肾,益精明目,润肺的功效。用于虚劳精亏,腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,目昏不明等症。作为药食两用植物,具有美容养颜、飘逸秀发、补益气血、调理月经、抗衰延年等功用。本文对枸杞子的主要化学成分的含量测定和药食两用的研究进行综述。     

枸杞子酒炖炮制前后化学成分变化研究

目的以功效成分含量和多酚类成分指纹图谱为指标对酒炖前后枸杞子的化学成分变化进行研究,探讨酒炖枸杞子炮制机制的物质基础,为其炮制工艺和质量标准化研究提供方法和理论基础。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定枸杞子酒炖前后多糖与类胡萝卜素的含量;HPLC-ELSD法测定甜菜碱含量;HPLC法建立枸杞子与酒炖枸杞子多酚类成分指纹图谱,通过指纹图谱相似度评价和高分辨质谱及对照品比对指认特征峰,对两者进行差异性特征分析。结果酒炖炮制后,新生成5-羟甲基糠醛等成分;枸杞子多糖及类胡萝卜素含量显著降低(P<0.01);甜菜碱含量升高(P<0.01);枸杞子与酒炖枸杞子多酚类成分指纹图谱存在较大差异,可以作为区分两者的质量指标;品种和产地对枸杞子多酚类成分指纹图谱的相似度存在影响(相似度>0.85),酒炖后可提高枸杞子指纹图谱的相似度(相似度>0.95)。结论酒炖对枸杞子中多种化学成分都有显著的影响,指纹图谱可以作为区分两者的质量指标,为酒炖枸杞子炮制工艺及其质量的标准化研究提供了理论依据。     

藿香正气方的化学成分与药理作用及质量标志物的预测分析

藿香正气方是由13味/10味中药组成的复方中药制剂,具有解表化湿、理气和中等作用,是临床内科、儿科常用药物。本文综述藿香正气方近年来的化学成分、药理作用及质量控制标准的研究进展,并对藿香正气方质量标志物(Q-marker)进行预测分析;这些研究将对藿香正气方制定新的质控标准,提高其全过程的质量控制和临床上合理安全使用,以及深度开发提供新的思路。     

枸杞子提取物抗氧化作用测定方法的研究

构杞子（FructusLycii）为茄科植物宁夏枸杞（Lyciumbarbarum L）的干燥成熟果实,主产于宁夏。它是我国传统的名贵中药材,始载于《神农本草经》,列为上品。枸杞子昧甘、性平、归肝、肾经。现代分析表明,枸杞子营养成分非常丰富,有枸杞多糖、甜菜碱、类胡萝卜素、多种氨基酸、微量元素、维生素、挥发油,尚分离出β-谷甾醇、亚油酸等化学成分,具有滋补肝肾,益精名目之功效。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.