中药塌渍配合蜡疗治疗小儿痉挛型脑瘫30例临床观察

目的 观察中药塌渍配合蜡疗治疗小儿痉挛型脑瘫的临床疗效.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月在广州中医药大学附属南海妇产儿童医院儿童康复科就诊的痉挛型脑瘫患儿60例,采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,各30例.对照组采用康复、推拿、针刺等综合治疗方法,治疗组在对照组治疗方法的基础上联合中药塌渍和蜡疗疗法.2组均治...     

痉挛肌治疗仪配合功能训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能的影响

目的:观察痉挛肌治疗仪配合功能训练在痉挛型脑瘫患儿康复中的疗效.方法:痉挛型脑瘫患儿70例,分为治疗组35例、对照组35例.治疗组采用痉挛肌治疗仪治疗加常规康复治疗,对照组采用常规康复治疗,总疗程为半年.采用粗大运动功能测试量表(the gross function measure,GMFM)在治疗前后进行评分.结果:治疗组总有效率97.14％;对照组总有效率85.71％,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).GMFM评分显示治疗组治疗后明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:痉挛肌治疗仪配合功能训练能明显提高痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肢体运动发育能力.     

超声引导下穴位埋线深度对降低痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢肌张力的影响

目的 观察超声引导下穴位埋线深度对降低痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢肌张力的临床疗效.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月广州中医药大学附属南海妇产儿童医院儿童康复科就诊的90例痉挛型脑瘫患儿,采用随机数字表法分为浅层埋线组、中层埋线组和深层埋线组,各30例.3组均给予基础康复治疗(物理治疗、推拿、中药熏洗及蜡疗),选取解剪、...     

循经针灸推拿法配合康复训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿的效果观察

目的 探究循经针灸推拿法配合康复训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿的效果.方法 94例痉挛型脑瘫患儿,按照抽签顺序分为对照组与观察组,每组47例.对照组进行常规康复训练治疗,观察组进行循经针灸推拿法配合康复训练治疗.比较两组治疗前后的Ashworth痉挛评定量表、Peabody运动发育量表-第2版(PDMS-2)评分及炎性反应指标...     

作业疗法治疗小儿痉挛型脑瘫150例疗效观察

目的 运用作业疗法为主治疗小儿痉挛型脑瘫,对其疗效进行观察. 方法 将150例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为2组,治疗组80例,对照组70例.治疗组采用作业疗法配合运动疗法,对照组只采用运动疗法,2个月为1疗程,分别于治疗前后对2组患儿进行评定,比较2组治疗效果. 结果 治疗组的显效率为25%,总有效率为92.5%;对照组的显效率为14.29%,总有效率为64.29%.治疗组显效率及有效率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01). 结论 痉挛型脑瘫治疗应采用多种疗法并用,以提高疗效.     

痉挛肌治疗对痉挛型脑瘫合并踝关节挛缩的疗效观察

目的探讨痉挛肌治疗对痉挛型脑瘫合并踝关节挛缩的康复疗效。方法将31例痉挛型脑瘫合并踝关节挛缩患儿随机分为治疗组（16例）和对照组（15例）,对照组给予以Bobath方法为主的康复功能指导和训练,治疗组在常规训练基础上给予痉挛肌治疗。观察1个月,比较2组治疗前后踝关节被动活动度、主动活动度、痉挛程度及步行功能改善情况。结果2组患儿步行能力在治疗后均有提高,治疗组步行能力提高优于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗后治疗组踝关节被动活动度增加优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论痉挛肌治疗方法对痉挛型脑瘫合并踝关节挛缩有显著疗效,同时可明显提高患儿步行能力。     

补肾健脑针法联合中药熏洗对痉挛型脑瘫患儿痉挛状态及日常生活能力的影响

目的 探讨补肾健脑针法联合中药熏洗对痉挛型脑瘫患儿痉挛状态及日常生活能力的影响.方法 将91例痉挛型脑瘫患儿,依据盲抽法分为对照组(n = 45,补肾健脑针法治疗)与观察组(n = 46,在对照组的基础上加用中药熏洗治疗).比较两组患儿痉挛状态、日常生活能力及步行功能.结果 治疗后,两组ADL评分较治疗前高,MAS评分...     

踝背屈牵拉器治疗痉挛型脑瘫下肢运动功能障碍疗效分析

目的 观察自制的踝背屈牵拉器治疗痉挛型脑瘫下肢运动功能障碍患儿临床疗效.方法 34例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为治疗组17例和对照组17例,2组常规给予康复治疗同时使用踝足矫形器,而治疗组则加用踝背屈牵拉器牵拉踝关节,治疗3个月,比较治疗前后主动、被动踝关节活动度及脑瘫粗大运动功能分值变化.结果 治疗组治疗前后脑瘫粗大运动功能(GMFM)88项分值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),治疗后治疗组与对照组比较,踝关节主动背屈角度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 踝背屈牵拉器治疗痉挛型脑瘫有显著疗效.     

涡流气泡浴水疗法对改善小儿痉挛型脑瘫运动功能的疗效观察

目的探讨涡流气泡浴水疗法对改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿运动功能的临床效果。方法选择痉挛型脑瘫患儿65例,随机分为治疗组（33例）和对照组（32例）。对照组采用常规康复治疗,治疗组在此基础上再行涡流气泡水疗,采用Gesell发育量表对患儿在治疗1个与2个大疗程后进行综合疗效评定,运用Milani的正常儿童发育表中的运动发育指数MQ评分肢体运动功能恢复情况。结果治疗组的总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,运动发育指数MQ评分显著大于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论水疗法对改善痉挛型脑瘫的运动功能有明显疗效,在临床上值得应用、推广。     

石蜡疗法结合康复训练降低痉挛型脑瘫患儿下肢内收肌肌张力的疗效观察

目的 探讨石蜡疗法结合康复训练治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿内收肌张力增高的疗效.方法 收集40例痉挛型脑瘫患儿,随机分为对照组(n=20)和观察组(n=20),对照组采用康复训练,观察组采用石蜡疗法结合康复训练,治疗3个月后比较两组疗效.结果 治疗后,两组患儿治疗后均有改善,但观察组比对照组改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 石蜡疗法结合康复训练降低痉挛型脑瘫患儿内收肌张力效果优于单纯康复训练.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.