急性冠脉综合征患者血管内皮功能与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)病人血管内皮功能与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。方法选取经冠状动脉造影确诊的ACS病人43例,以冠脉病变支数和Gensini评分来评价冠脉病变严重程度,同时以我院门诊非冠心病患者30例作为对照组。采用流量介导的肱动脉扩张(FMD)测定来评估血管内皮功能。结果 ACS组FMD水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),ACS组FMD水平与Gensini评分呈负相关。结论 ACS患者FMD水平明显降低,且FMD水平与冠状动脉病变严重性呈负相关,可作为ACS患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的预测指标。     

血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体水平与急性冠状动脉综合征严重程度的关系

目的 探讨血浆N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系.方法 对150例胸痛患者行选择性冠状动脉造影,其中ACS 78例(ACS组),稳定性心绞痛(SA)33例(SA组),冠状动脉造影正常39例(正常对照组).采用Gensini积分法评价冠状动脉病变的严重程度,同时测定患者血浆NT-proBNP水平和左室射血分数(LVEF),分析血浆NT-proBNP水平与冠心病临床严重程度及冠状动脉造影Gensini积分之间的关系.结果 ACS组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平明显高于SA组和正常对照组(P＜0.05).ACS组患者血浆NT-proBNP水平与冠状动脉造影Gensini积分呈正相关(r＝0.853 4,＝0.000 1),与LVEF呈负相关(r=0.550 0,＝0.000 1).结论 血浆NT-proBNP水平可反映ACS患者冠状动脉病变的严重程度.     

急性胸痛病人CT冠状动脉成像显示的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中除钙化外其他成分的预后价值

摘要目的应用CT冠状动脉成像检查进行系统性评估无证据表明为急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的急性胸痛病人的预后情况,不仅仅评价冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的情况。材料与方法人类研究委员会批准本项研究,并确定无需书面知情同意。     

急性冠脉综合征患者Tei指数与冠状动脉病变复杂程度相关性研究

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者Tei指数与SNYTAX积分Ⅱ(SS-Ⅱ)的相关性。方法选取北部战区总医院2018年6—12月收治的88例行冠状动脉造影检查的ACS患者为研究对象。采用三分位法将其分为低危组(0相似文献   

急性冠脉综合征冠状动脉造影112例分析

急性冠脉综合征（Acute Coronary Syndrome,ACS）是以冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂或糜烂,继发完全或不完全闭塞性血栓形成为病理基础的一组临床综合征,     

西宁地区中老年男性血尿酸与冠状动脉病变的关系

目的:探讨西宁地区中老年男性血尿酸与冠状动脉病变的关系.方法:入选行冠状动脉造影住院男性病例290例,检测血脂、血糖、血压、血尿酸等.根据血尿酸水平分为两组:正常尿酸组与高尿酸血症组,再根据是否合并糖尿病、高血压分为4个亚组,比较各组间冠脉病变支数、病变总积分及心血管危险因素聚集性.结果:高尿酸血症组较正常尿酸组在肥胖、嗜酒、吸烟、高血压、高血糖、高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白血症的发生率上明显偏高(P＜0.05),高尿酸血症组2支血管病变、3支血管病变发生率及Gensini积分明显高于正常血尿酸组(P＜0.05);同样高尿酸血症合并糖尿病或高血压等时冠脉单支病变、2支病变、3支病变的发生率及Gensini积分均显著高于正常尿酸合并糖尿病或高血压组(P＜0.05).结论:高尿酸血症患者合并更多的心血管危险因素,冠脉病变更严重且弥漫,并与糖尿病、高血压等有协同作用.     

冠状动脉钙化积分评价冠状动脉弹性的研究

目的 探讨冠状动脉钙化积分(CS)与冠状动脉弹性之间的相关性以及冠状动脉CS评价冠状动脉弹性的可行性.方法 选择冠心病患者30例,其主要病变位于左前降支.对照组为疑似冠心病(如胸闷、胸痛)但冠状动脉造影检查未见明显狭窄者30例行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,2组年龄均＜55岁.应用冠状动脉CTA测量和计算所有研究对象左前降支的弹性指标——弹性系数值(D value),并对其钙化灶进行峰值计分,应用计算机工作站直接进行计算得到CS,分析弹性系数值和CS之间的相关性.结果 病例组左前降支弹性小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病例组左前降支血管的CS平均为337.52±84.43,大于对照组的平均值154.56±62.54,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Pearson相关性分析显示病例组和对照组左前降支血管的CS与弹性系数值都在0.01水平上显著相关,相关系数分别为-0.884和-0.991,为负相关.结论 CS与冠状动脉血管弹性呈现良好的负相关关系,当CS增大时,该血管的弹性下降.CS评价冠状动脉弹性具有可行性,可为临床上冠状动脉弹性的评价提供参考.     

脂联素与冠状动脉慢血流现象的关系

目的 探讨脂联素(APN)与冠状动脉慢血流现象(CSFP)之间的关系.方法 采用校正TIMI帧计数(CTFC)将入选病例分为两组:CSFP组35例及对照组35例.所有患者均于冠脉造影术中肝素抗凝管取血浆5ml,静置离心,-80℃冻存.用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测APN水平.常规化验血常规、肝、肾功、血脂、血凝全套、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白.分析APN与CSFP之间关系.结果 两组基线资料相当,冠脉CSFP组脂联素水平较对照组明显减低.结论 APN水平减低与CSFP密切相关.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者主要心理问题及护理对策

目的 通过良好的心理护理,使急性冠状动脉综合征患者消除不良心理反应,尽早康复。方法 对110例急性冠状动脉综合征患者心理问题进行有针对性的护理。结果 发病时“否认”机理强——对现存或潜在的疾病持否定、消极态度,紧张、恐惧、焦虑,担心疾病复发,担心家庭经济困难及担心拖累父母或子女等主要心理问题基本得到解决。结论 有针对性地进行心理指导,能够提高患者自我干预危险因素的行为意识,对预防疾病的复发具有重要意义。     

冠状动脉易损与非易损斑块的冠周与主动脉根部心外膜脂肪CT衰减指数比值差异

目的 对比分析冠状动脉易损与非易损斑块冠周心外膜脂肪衰减指数（FAI）与主动脉根部心外膜脂肪CT值（AOEATV）比值间的差异。资料与方法 回顾性分析上海市徐汇区大华医院2021年2月—2022年1月258例患者503根冠状动脉CT血管成像（CCTA）图像,根据易损斑块CCTA特征分为非易损斑块组（A组）182根、1项易损特征斑块组（B组）173根、≥2项易损特征斑块组（C组）148根,比较各组斑块体积差异;计算人工智能所测冠周FAI与人工测量AO-EATV比值;比较各组间FAI、AO-EATV及FAI/AO-EATV的差异,并采用LSD-t检验对各组FAI/AO-EATV进行事后两两比较;采用受试者工作特征曲线比较FAI与FAI/AO-EATV对易损斑块的诊断效能。结果 各组间斑块体积、冠周FAI及AO-EATV值比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A、B、C组FAI/AO-EATV分别为0.75±0.08、0.73±0.06、0.72±0.08,差异有统计学意义（F=6.70,P=0.001）;事后两两比较显示,A组>B组（t=27.58,P=0.006）,A组&...     

Comparison of quantitative atherosclerotic plaque burden from coronary CT angiography in patients with first acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease

BackgroundCoronary CTA allows characterization of non-calcified and calcified plaque and identification of high-risk plaque features.ObjectiveWe aimed to quantitatively characterize and compare coronary plaque burden from CTA in patients with a first acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and controls with stable coronary artery disease.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina with a first ACS, who underwent CTA as part of their initial workup before invasive coronary angiography and age- and gender-matched controls with stable chest pain; controls also underwent CTA with subsequent invasive angiography (total n = 28). Culprit arteries were identified in ACS patients. Coronary arteries were analyzed by automated software to quantify calcified plaque (CP), noncalcified plaque (NCP), and low-density NCP (LD-NCP, attenuation <30 Hounsfield units) volumes, and corresponding burden (plaque volume × 100%/vessel volume), stenosis, remodeling index, contrast density difference (maximum percent difference in attenuation/cross-sectional area from proximal cross-section), and plaque length.ResultsACS patients had fewer lesions (median, 1), with higher total NCP and LD-NCP burdens (NCP: 57.4% vs 41.5%; LD-NCP: 12.5% vs 8%; P ≤ .04), higher maximal stenoses (85.6% vs 53.0%; P = .003) and contrast density differences (46.1 vs 16.3%; P < .006). Per-patient CP burden was not different between ACS and controls. NCP and LD-NCP plaque burden was higher in culprit vs nonculprit arteries (NCP: 57.8% vs 9.5%; LD-NCP: 8.4% vs 0.6%; P ≤ .0003); CP was not significantly different. Culprit arteries had increased plaque lengths, remodeling indices, stenoses, and contrast density differences (46.1% vs 10.9%; P ≤ .001).ConclusionNoninvasive quantitative coronary artery analysis identified several differences for ACS, both on per-patient and per-vessel basis, including increased NCP, LD-NCP burden, and contrast density difference.     

Differences in the CT findings between vulnerable plaque and culprit lesions in acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundThe CT finding of “vulnerable plaque” is widely regarded as similar to that of a culprit lesion in an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, this hypothesis may not be accurate, since “vulnerable plaques” may substantially change their morphology when they rupture to cause an ACS.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated coronary CT angiography data sets of 25 patients with ACS who had vulnerable (n = 10) or culprit plaques (n = 15). We analyzed CT features including positive remodeling (PR), low attenuation plaque (LAP), the napkin ring sign (NRS), degree of stenosis (normal, <50%, 50–99%, 100%), and myocardial hypoperfusion in the left ventricle.ResultsThere was no difference in the prevalence of PR, NRS, or LAP between vulnerable and culprit plaques. In contrast, a majority (80%, 8/10) of vulnerable plaques were associated with <50% luminal stenosis while total occlusion was identified in 47% (7/15) of culprit plaques (p = .037). In all patients with occlusion, myocardial hypoperfusion was demonstrated in the corresponding arterial territory on CT.ConclusionCT features of vulnerable and culprit plaques differ in cases with thrombotic occlusion reflecting dynamic plaque changes related to the episode of ACS.     

CCTA定量斑块特征及血管周围脂肪在急性冠脉综合征中的临床价值

目的:使用冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)定量急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者斑块特征与冠状动脉周围脂肪组织(PCAT),探讨相关参数评价ACS的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析2019年2月-2020年6月本院胸痛中心收治的35例ACS患者为研究对象,同期选取35例稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者作为临床对照,搜集所有患者CCT...     

Comparing culprit lesions in ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome with 64-slice multidetector computed tomography

Background

Classifying acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as ST elevation ACS (STE-ACS) or non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) is critical for clinical prognosis and therapeutic decision-making. Assessing the differences in composition and configuration of culprit lesions between STE-ACS and NSTE-ACS can clarify their pathophysiologic differences.

Objective

This study focused on evaluating the ability of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to investigate these differences in culprit lesions in patients with STE-ACS and NSTE-ACS.

Methods

Of 161 ACS cases admitted, 120 who fit study criteria underwent MDCT and conventional coronary angiography. The following MDCT data were analyzed: calcium volume, Agatston calcium scores, plaque area, plaque burden, remodeling index, and plaque density.

Results

The MDCT angiography had a good correlation with conventional coronary angiography regarding the stenotic severity of culprit lesions (r  =  0.86, p < 0.001). The STE-ACS culprit lesions (n = 54) had significantly higher luminal area stenosis (78.6 ± 21.2% vs. 66.7 ± 23.9%, p = 0.006), larger plaque burden (0.91 ± 0.10 vs. 0.84 ± 0.12, p = 0.007) and remodeling index (1.28 ± 0.34 vs. 1.16 ± 0.22, p = 0.021) than those with NSTE-ACS (n = 66). The percentage of expanding remodeling index (remodeling index >1.05) was significantly higher in the STE-ACS group (81.5% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.031). The patients with STE-ACS had significantly lower MDCT density of culprit lesions than patients with NSTE-ACS (25.8 ± 13.9 HU vs. 43.5 ± 19.1 HU, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Sixty-four-slice MDCT can accurately evaluate the stenotic severity and composition of culprit lesions in selected patients with either STE-ACS or NSTE-ACS. Culprit lesions in NSTE-ACS patients had significantly lower luminal area stenosis, plaque burden, remodeling index and higher MDCT density, which possibly reflect differences in the composition of vulnerable culprit plaques and thrombi.     

Predictors of image quality of coronary computed tomography in the acute care setting of patients with chest pain

Objective

We aimed to determine predictors of image quality in consecutive patients who underwent coronary computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of acute chest pain.

Method and materials

We prospectively enrolled patients who presented with chest pain to the emergency department. All subjects underwent contrast-enhanced 64-slice coronary multi-detector CT. Two experienced readers determined overall image quality on a per-patient basis and the prevalence and characteristics of non-evaluable coronary segments on a per-segment basis.

Results

Among 378 subjects (143 women, age: 52.9 ± 11.8 years), 345 (91%) had acceptable overall image quality, while 33 (9%) had poor image quality or were unreadable. In adjusted analysis, patients with diabetes, hypertension and a higher heart rate during the scan were more likely to have exams graded as poor or unreadable (odds ratio [OR]: 2.94, p = 0.02; OR: 2.62, p = 0.03; OR: 1.43, p = 0.02; respectively). Of 6253 coronary segments, 257 (4%) were non-evaluable, most due to severe calcification in combination with motion (35%). The presence of non-evaluable coronary segments was associated with age (OR: 1.08 annually, 95%-confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.12, p < 0.001), baseline heart rate (OR: 1.35 per 10 beats/min, 95%-CI: 1.11-1.67, p = 0.003), diabetes, hypertension, and history of coronary artery disease (OR: 4.43, 95%-CI: 1.93-10.17, p < 0.001; OR: 2.27, 95-CI: 1.01-4.73, p = 0.03; OR: 5.12, 95%-CI: 2.0-13.06, p < 0.001; respectively).

Conclusion

Coronary CT permits acceptable image quality in more than 90% of patients with chest pain. Patients with multiple risk factors are more likely to have impaired image quality or non-evaluable coronary segments. These patients may require careful patient preparation and optimization of CT scanning protocols.     

急性冠脉综合征炎性标志物hsCRP与sVCAM-1的表达及临床意义

 目的 观察不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和可溶性血管细胞黏附分子(sVCAM-1)水平变化,探讨炎症标志物与急性冠脉综合征(ACS)发病及病变程度的关系与临床意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测50例ACS患者和30例正常对照组血清中hs-CRP和sVCAM-1水平,所有入选者均行冠脉造影检查,记录血管病变情况.结果 血清hs-CRP和sVCAM-1浓度在AMI组和UAP组均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),且AMI组明显高于UAP组(P＜0.01);血清sVCAM-1与受累冠状动脉血管支数呈正相关,r=0.450,P＜0.01.而hs-CRP水平与受累冠状动脉血管支数无相关关系,r=0.245,P＞0.05.结论 外周血hs-CRP、 sVCAM-1与急性冠脉综合征发病密切相关,且sVCAM-1水平可反映冠状动脉病变程度.     

Coronary computed tomography and triple rule out CT in patients with acute chest pain and an intermediate cardiac risk profile. Part 1: Impact on patient management

Objective

To evaluate the impact of coronary CT angiography (coronary CTA) or “triple-rule-out” CT angiography (TRO-CTA) on patient management in the work-up of patients with acute chest pain and an intermediate cardiac risk profile.

Materials and methods

100 patients with acute chest pain and an intermediate cardiac risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) underwent coronary CTA or TRO-CTA for the evaluation of chest pain. Patients with a high and low cardiac risk profile were not included in this study. All patients with significant coronary stenosis >50% on coronary CTA underwent invasive coronary catheterization (ICC). Important other pathological findings were recorded. All patients had a 90-day follow-up period for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Results

Based on a negative coronary CTA 60 of 100 patients were discharged on the same day. None of the discharged patients showed MACE during the 90-day follow-up. Coronary CTA revealed a coronary stenosis >50% in 19 of 100 patients. ICC confirmed significant coronary stenosis in 17/19 patients. Among the 17 true positive patients, 9 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation, 7 were received intensified medical therapy, and 1 patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery.A TRO-CTA protocol was performed in 36/100 patients due to elevated d-dimer levels. Pulmonary embolism was present in 5 patients, pleural effusion of unknown etiology in 3 patients, severe right ventricular dysfunction with pericardial effusion in 1 patient, and an incidental bronchial carcinoma was diagnosed in 1 patient.

Conclusion

Coronary CTA and TRO-CTA allow a rapid and safe discharge in the majority of patients presenting with acute chest pain and an intermediate risk for ACS while at the same time identifies those with significant coronary artery stenosis.     

Dual-source computed tomography in patients with acute chest pain: feasibility and image quality

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and image quality of dual-source computed tomography angiography (DSCTA) in patients with acute chest pain for the assessment of the lung, thoracic aorta, and for pulmonary and coronary arteries. Sixty consecutive patients (32 female, 28 male, mean age 58.1±16.3 years) with acute chest pain underwent contrast-enhanced electrocardiography-gated DSCTA without prior beta-blocker administration. Vessel attenuation of different thoracic vascular territories was measured, and image quality was semi-quantitatively analyzed by two independent readers. Image quality of the thoracic aorta was diagnostic in all 60 patients, image quality of pulmonary arteries was diagnostic in 59, and image quality of coronary arteries was diagnostic in 58 patients. Pairwise intraindividual comparisons of attenuation values were small and ranged between 1±6 HU comparing right and left coronary artery and 56±9 HU comparing the pulmonary trunk and left ventricle. Mean attenuation was 291±65 HU in the ascending aorta, 334±93 HU in the pulmonary trunk, and 285±66 HU and 268±67 HU in the right and left coronary artery, respectively. DSCTA is feasible and provides diagnostic image quality of the thoracic aorta, pulmonary and coronary arteries in patients with acute chest pain.     

Non-invasive fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography in patients with acute chest pain: Subgroup analysis of the ROMICAT II trial

BackgroundNon-invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR_CT) derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) permits hemodynamic evaluation of coronary stenosis and may improve efficiency of assessment in stable chest pain patients. We determined feasibility of FFR_CT in the population of acute chest pain patients and assessed the relationship of FFR_CT with outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and revascularization and with plaque characteristics.MethodsWe included 68 patients (mean age 55.8 ± 8.4 years, 71% men) from the ROMICAT II trial who had ≥50% stenosis on coronary CTA or underwent additional non-invasive stress test. We evaluated coronary stenosis and high-risk plaque on coronary CTA. FFR_CT was measured in a core laboratory.ResultsWe found correlation between anatomic severity of stenosis and FFR_CT ≤0.80 vs. FFR_CT >0.80 (severe stenosis 84.8% vs. 15.2%; moderate stenosis 33.3% vs. 66.7%; mild stenosis 33.3% vs. 66.7% patients). Patients with severe stenosis had lower FFR_CT values (median 0.64, 25th-75th percentile 0.50–0.75) as compared to patients with moderate (median 0.84, 25th-75th percentile, p < 0.001) or mild stenosis (median 0.86, 25th-75th percentile 0.78–0.88, p < 0.001). The relative risk of ACS and revascularization in patients with positive FFR_CT ≤0.80 was 4.03 (95% CI 1.56–10.36) and 3.50 (95% CI 1.12–10.96), respectively. FFR_CT ≤0.80 was associated with the presence of high-risk plaque (odds ratio 3.91, 95% CI 1.55–9.85, p = 0.004) after adjustment for stenosis severity.ConclusionAbnormal FFR_CT was associated with the presence of ACS, coronary revascularization, and high-risk plaque. FFR_CT measurements correlated with anatomic severity of stenosis on coronary CTA and were feasible in population of patients with acute chest pain.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清胆红素浓度变化及意义

 目的 探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(Acute coronary artery syndrome,ACS)患者血清胆红素浓度变化及意义。方法检测42例不稳定心绞痛(UAP)和36例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急性发病期总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)和间接胆红素(IBil)浓度,比较它们的差异。结果 UAP组和AMI组TBil、IBil浓度与对照组比较差异有极显著性意义(P＜0.01),AMI组IBil明显高于UAP组差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05),3组DBil差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05)。结论 血清胆红素浓度变化与冠脉斑块活动相关,它对ACS发生的预测、诊断和防治有一定意义。