慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征病人的尿动力学特点及其临床意义

目的探讨尿动力学(UDS)在慢性前列腺炎/慢性盆腔疼痛综合征(CP/CPPS)疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法 2015年1月～2019年4月就诊的CP/CPPS病人204例,分析其尿动力学检查结果,包括自由尿流率、充盈期膀胱压力容积、排尿期压力流率测定。结果 204例病人中,最大尿流率(14.3±6.4) ml/s(3.8～62.5 ml/s),自由尿流率排尿量(339.6±126.3)ml(91.2～801.2ml),300ml者80例(39.2%),500 ml者23例(11.3%),尿流率曲线形态为正常钟形92例(45.1%),低平曲线96例(47.1%),波浪形16例(7.8%),膀胱残余尿者50 ml者13例(6.4%)。膀胱敏感性增高61例(29.9%),逼尿肌无抑制性收缩26例(12.7%),膀胱容量减少24例(11.8%),膀胱逼尿肌收缩力降低130例(63.7%),膀胱逼尿肌无力6例(2.9%),膀胱出口梗阻14例(6.9%),UDS未发现异常者44例(21.6%)。结论 UDS检查可以明确CP/CPPS病人存在的特定下尿路功能障碍类型,进而采取针对性的治疗。     

腰椎术后排尿功能障碍患者尿动力学改变及治疗

目的：探讨腰椎术后排尿功能障碍患者的尿动力学改变及治疗方法。方法：对27例腰椎术后排尿功能障碍患者行尿动力学检查，根据检查结果，对逼尿肌反射亢进、膀胱感觉过敏、逼尿肌反射减弱但膀胱容量缩小、逼尿肌漏尿点压力超过40cmH2O的患者先采用M受体阻滞剂或肉毒毒素A膀胱壁注射治疗．待膀胱有足够大的容量、能够低压储尿时再应用间歇导尿、留置导尿等方法在无膀胱内高压的条件下实现膀胱的完全排空；逼尿肌无反射和逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调患者选择间歇导尿。结果：27例患者中逼尿肌反射亢进2例，逼尿肌无反射18例，逼尿肌反射减弱7例；排尿期膀胱颈开放7例，部分开放12例，未开放8例；外括约肌痉挛24例，逼尿肌和外括约肌协同失调3例：无膀胱输尿管返流22例，右侧膀胱输尿管返流1例，左侧膀胱输尿管返流2例，双侧膀胱输尿管返流2例；10例患者逼尿肌漏尿点压力超过40cmH2O。10例逼尿肌反射亢进或膀胱容量缩小的患者中7例采用M受体阻滞剂治疗后膀胱容量均增加；3例M受体阻滞治疗无效改用肉毒毒素A膀胱壁注射治疗后膀胱容量均增加；逼尿肌无反射患者首选间歇导尿。结论：腰椎手术后发生排尿障碍的患者应行尿动力学检查，并以尿动力学结果为基础决定处理方案。     

氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎的尿动力检查及分析

目的：分析氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎患者膀胱功能下降后的尿动力学表现,为临床治疗方法的选择及治疗后疗效评价提供依据。方法：通过对临床及检验证实的14例氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎患者行尿动力学检查,分析其表现特点。结果：①膀胱过度敏感：其中膀胱初始尿意、正常尿意及最大膀胱容量均明显低于正常;②逼尿肌过度活动：14例患者均表现为在充盈期出现不可抑制性收缩并产生排尿反射;③膀胱顺应性：14例患者中3例表现为下降,11例在产生排尿反射前未出现逼尿肌压力上升;④逼尿肌收缩功能：8例患者最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力减弱,4例正常,2例逼尿肌收缩增强;⑤膀胱出口梗阻表现不明显。结论：氯胺酮相关性膀胱炎患者的尿动力学主要表现为储尿期膀胱感觉过敏、小容量膀胱、不稳定或伴低顺应性膀胱,排尿期逼尿肌收缩减弱。     

儿童非神经源性排尿功能障碍22例尿动力学分析

目的:分析我院非神经源性排尿功能障碍小儿的尿动力学结果,探讨尿动力学检查在小儿非神经性排尿功能障碍疾病诊断中的临床意义及应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年11月~2017年3月我院泌外门诊22例非神经源性排尿功能障碍小儿尿动力学检查结果。其中男16例,女6例,年龄2~14岁,平均(7.86±3.66)岁。所有病例均经过详细询问病史、体格检查、实验室检查和影像学检查(B超、MRI等)排除神经系统疾患。根据国际尿控协会标准方法进行尿动力学检查,记录最大尿流率、尿流时间、排尿模式、剩余尿、初感尿意、最大膀胱容量、顺应性、排尿期逼尿肌压力、有无逼尿肌过度活动、有无逼尿肌括约肌协同失调、静态尿道压和尿道关闭压。按照尿急尿频、遗尿、排尿困难分组比较各项尿动力检查参数。结果:自由尿流率测定:男和女平均最大尿流率分别为(14.69±7.59)ml/s和(32.2±12.3)ml/s(P0.05),平均尿流时间分别为(20.72±11.96)s和(12.68±7.36)s(P0.05)。尿频尿急组、遗尿组、排尿困难组三组之间最大尿流率,尿流时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。自由尿流率排尿模式:正常钟形曲线10例,低平曲线7例,间歇曲线4例,间歇低平曲线1例。尿频尿急组、遗尿组、排尿困难组三组之间剩余尿有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小儿非神经源性排尿功能障碍类疾病常见,病因复杂,临床表现多样化,尿动力学检查可为各种排尿功能障碍的鉴别诊断、治疗方案的选择以及术后疗效的评价提供有效的客观证据。在小儿不配合,无法完成压力流率测定时,结合自由尿流率,排尿模式和剩余尿(可用B超测定),加上病史可以初步判断排尿功能障碍类型,协助治疗。     

小儿尿动力学检查的特殊问题

小儿排尿功能障碍多见.尿动力学检查是确定逼尿肌和尿道括约肌功能及其协调关系必不可少的检查手段.注意小儿尿动力学检查的特殊性和采取相应措施后,小儿尿动力学检查也能取得满意检查结果.小儿尿动力学检查前准备、检查过程、结果分析等方面均有特殊性.这些特殊性与小儿膀胱处于逐渐发育完善过程,许多尿动力学参数的大小与尿龄大小有关.儿童排尿功能障碍分类除了采用国际尿控协会的分类外,常采用病因分类.     

尿动力学检查在前列腺增生症术前评估中的临床意义

目的探讨前列腺增生症(BPH)手术治疗前尿动力学检查的必要性。方法对166例拟行手术治疗的BPH患者的尿动力学检查结果进行分析。结果在166例患者中,125例(75.3%)证实存在膀胱出口梗阻(BOO ),25例(15.1%)为可疑BOO(BOO±),16例(9.6%)无BOO(BOO-),3组之间在最大尿流率(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVRV)、逼尿肌/外括约肌协同失调(DSD)上差异无统计意义,BOO( )组的逼尿肌不稳定(DI)、低顺应性膀胱的发生率明显高于其他两组,逼尿肌收缩力减弱(DUA)的发生率明显低于其他两组。结论尿动力学检查对诊断BPH、选择治疗方法和预测疗效有重要意义,手术治疗前应常规检查。     

尿动力学检查对小体积前列腺增生术前评估的价值

目的:探讨尿动力学检查对小体积前列腺增生(BPH)患者术前评估的价值.方法:67例患者术前均有严重的排尿梗阻症状,经B超、肛门指检、膀胱镜及尿流动力学(UDS)检查做出BPH诊断.结果;所有患者中有7例不稳定膀胱,5例低顺应性膀胱,2例高顺应性膀胱,6例膀胱逼尿肌乏力.结论:尿动力学检查对小体积BPH患者术前评估很有价值,可以预判疗效.     

前列腺增生并发恢复期中枢神经疾病的膀胱逼尿肌功能改变

目的:探讨前列腺增生(BPH)并发恢复期中枢神经疾病的膀胱逼尿肌改变.方法:对60例BPH并发恢复期中枢神经疾病患者(研究组)和60例BPH患者(对照组)进行尿动力学检查分析.结果:研究组膀胱顺应性(BC)值(18.61±5.83)ml/cmH2O,逼尿肌不稳定(DI)20例(33.3%),逼尿肌无力15例(25%),低顺应性膀胱33例(55%).对照组BC值(19.20±4.87)ml/cmH2O,DI 17例(28.3%),逼尿肌无力16例(26.7%),低顺应性膀胱29例(48.3%).DI和BC与膀胱流出道梗阻相关(P＜0.05).结论:尿动力学检查有助于了解BPH并发恢复期中枢神经疾病的患者的膀胱逼尿肌功能改变,明确患者排尿困难的原因,指导诊断和选择治疗方法,预测预后和判断疗效.DI和BC与膀胱流出道梗阻相关.     

盆腔肿瘤放疗后排尿功能障碍患者的尿动力学评估

目的:评估盆腔肿瘤放疗后患者下尿路功能,分析排尿功能障碍类型.方法:对放疗组21例患者:子宫颈癌15例,骶髓肿瘤2例,直肠癌4例;正常对照组17例,采用常规方法行尿动力学测定,按照美国泌尿协会症状评分(AUA评分)标准进行评分,分析评分与放疗剂量关系,以及尿频尿急、排尿困难、尿失禁三类排尿功能障碍发生的原因.结果:膀胱容量、顺应性、逼尿肌收缩强度、残余尿与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);放疗组尿失禁患者6例(28.6%),排尿困难11例(52.3%),尿频尿急4例(14.0%).放疗后患者的排尿功能障碍严重程度与放疗剂量有一定相关性(r=0.43,P<0.05).结论:盆腔肿瘤放疗对膀胱尿道功能有明显影响,尿动力学检查有助于放疗后复杂排尿功能障碍的评估.     

神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者的影像尿动力学研究

目的 探讨各类神经源性膀胱患者的影像尿动力学特点.方法 2002年12月至2008年6月间,我们对1800例神经源性膀胱患者进行了影像尿动力学检查,分析不同神经病变所致膀胱尿道功能障碍的影像学特点.结果 脑卒中患者均未发现上尿路改变和反流,71% 为逼尿肌过度活动(DO),60% 伴括约肌无抑制性松弛,29% 为逼尿肌无反射(DA).脑外伤患者中70% 为DO不伴协同失调.7例帕金森病患者均表现为DO.1170例骶上损伤患者91% 为DO,83% 伴逼尿肌括约肌协同失调(DSD),223例骶髓及以下损伤患者73% 为DA.共有12% 的创伤性脊髓损伤患者出现上尿路积水改变,4% 表现为膀胱输尿管反流.脊髓发育不良患者81% 表现为逼尿肌无反射,86% 膀胱顺应性下降,55% 有上尿路积水改变,31% 出现膀胱输尿管反流.腰椎间盘突出患者92% 为逼尿肌无反射,88% 膀胱顺应性基本正常.糖尿病膀胱患者81% 膀胱感觉减退,76% 排尿期逼尿肌收缩力低下.结论 不同神经病变所致神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的特点不同,应根据影像尿动力学检查结果 选择合适的临床治疗方案.     

老年女性糖尿病排尿异常患者尿动力学检查的意义

目的：探讨60岁以上女性排尿异常糖尿病患者的尿动力学变化特点及其临床意义.方法：回顾性分析57例老年女性排尿异常糖尿病患者（69.3±7.0）岁的尿动力学资料,同时选取40例排尿异常的非糖尿病患者（68.8±6.1）岁和20例正常老年女性作为对照组（68.3±4.2）岁.全部患者均行自由尿流率、压力-流率、静态尿道压力测定并比较各组间相关参数异同.结果：排尿异常的糖尿病患者38.6%（22/57）表现为逼尿肌活动低下,19.3%（11/57）逼尿肌过度活动、24.6%（14/57）膀胱出口梗阻和17.5%（10/57）尿动力学表现正常;糖尿病组与正常对照组相比,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力、膀胱顺应性、最大膀胱容量、剩余尿量,最大尿流率等参数之间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与非糖尿病排尿异常患者相比.糖尿病组最大膀胱容量显著增多（592.1±165.2）ml vs.（468.8±101.3）ml（P＜0.05）,其他各项尿动力学参数未见明显差异.结论：60岁以上女性糖尿病和非糖尿病排尿异常患者尿动力学表现异常同样多见,但是前者最大膀胱容量显著增多,提示膀胱敏感性降低.     

Urodynamically age-specific prevalence of urinary incontinence in women with urinary symptoms

AIMS: To determine the age-specific prevalence rates of different types of urinary incontinence in women with urinary symptoms using urodynamic studies (UDS). METHODS: One thousand five hundred women with urinary symptoms who underwent UDS in our department from January 1997 through December 1999 were enrolled. A detailed history, physical examination, and data of multi-channel UDS including uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry, stress urethral pressure profile, and 20-minute pad test were obtained for each patient. The urodynamic findings of each patient were analyzed and correlated with age in decades. RESULTS: Of 1,500 women, 329 were excluded from analysis because they had undergone anti-incontinence surgery (n=27), had undergone treatment for cervical cancer (n=147), or were being followed-up after medication (n=155). Of the remaining 1,171 patients, 656 (56%) had genuine stress incontinence (GSI), 68 (5.8%) had detrusor instability (DI), 187 (16%) had mixed GSI/DI, 245 (20.9%) had either voiding or storing dysfunction without concomitant incontinence, and 15 (1.3%) had normal urodynamic findings. The 41-50- and 51-60-year age groups had the highest prevalence rates of urinary incontinence, accounting for 31% and 28% of GSI cases, 35% and 25% of DI cases, and 40% and 27% of mixed GSI/DI cases, respectively. The prevalence of GSI and mixed GSI/DI increased consistently with age, but the prevalence of DI decreased after age 66. Thus, the prevalence rates of GSI, DI, and mixed GSI/DI were 56%, 5.8%, and 16%, respectively, in women with urinary symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Female urinary incontinence had a biogenic peak prevalence in the 41-50-year and 51-60-year age groups.     

前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻程度对尿动力学指标的影响

目的探讨前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻程度对尿动力学指标的影响及临床意义。方法分析113例前列腺增生患者的尿动力学资料,根据膀胱出口有无梗阻分为梗阻组和非梗阻组,梗阻组又根据梗阻级别分Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级四组。结果梗阻组的最大尿流率、膀胱顺应性值和逼尿肌收缩力减弱发生率明显低于非梗阻组,逼尿肌不稳定和急性尿潴留发生率明显高于非梗阻组。梗阻组内各梗阻级别之间在顺应性值、逼尿肌不稳定和急性尿潴留的发生率上无显著性差异,随梗阻级别增加尿流率和逼尿肌收缩功能受损发生率下降。结论一些反映排尿异常和逼尿肌功能的尿动力学指标受膀胱出口梗阻程度影响,在无法进行压力/流率分析时综合分析这些指标有助于判断出口梗阻及其程度。     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌肾上腺素β3受体mRNA表达和作用

目的：初步研究前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌肾上腺素能β3受体亚型mRNA表达和作用.方法：选择前列腺增生膀胱出口无梗阻（对照组）9名和膀胱出口梗阻患者（实验组）21名,根据尿动力学将实验组分为逼尿肌稳定组和不稳定组,半定量RT-PCR方法检测三组逼尿肌β3受体亚型mRNA的表达,离体逼尿肌拉力实验检测β3受体激动剂对三组逼尿肌收缩力的影响.结果：对照组、逼尿肌稳定组和不稳定组β3受体mRNA相对含晕为（18.48±2.84）、（17.28±2.57）和（10.42±1.22）,不稳定组β3受体明显降低（P＜0.05）;β受体激动剂和β3受体激动剂诱导逼尿肌松驰效应呈浓度依赖性,对不稳定组作用小于稳定组和对照组（P＜0.05）,对照组与稳定组没有差别.结论：膀胱出口梗阻逼尿肌不稳定患者β3受体mRNA含量下降,并且对β3激动剂的松驰反应降低,逼尿肌肾上腺素能受体β3亚型可能参与膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩力变化.     

老年男性脑卒中后排尿异常尿动力学检查分析

目的：探讨60岁以上老年男性脑卒中后排尿异常的尿动力学改变。方法：选择50例脑卒中后恢复期或后遗症期排尿异常老年男性患者,其中无BPH脑卒中22例,年龄（69．25±5．78）岁;有BPH脑卒中28例,年龄（71．49±7．65）岁;另选择20例无下尿路异常的正常老年男性[（70．63±6．52）岁]作为对照组,分别进行尿动力学检查,并对各种尿动力学参数进行统计分析。结果：无BPH和有BPH脑卒中组比较,最大尿流率时逼尿肌压为（4．54±0．80）VS．（5．34±0．97）kPa（1cmH2O=0．098kPa）,最大尿道闭合压为（5．45±0．55）VS．（6．99±1．05）kPa,剩余尿量为（9．0±3．4）VS．（12．9±5．3）ml,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。与正常老年组比较,无BPH和有BPH脑卒中组逼尿肌反射亢进发生率均显著增加[72．7％（16／22）VS．75％（21／28）VS．10．0％（2／20）],其最大膀胱容量明显减少[（298．8±112．6）VS．（276．5±132．21）VS．（478．6±92．6）ml]。结论：脑卒中后排尿异常应进行尿动力学检查。有BPH脑卒中患者逼尿肌排尿压、尿道闭合压和剩余尿量变化较无BPH脑卒中患者更为明显,提示应同时治疗BPH。     

良性前列腺增生合并糖尿病患者尿流动力学检查及其临床意义

目的:探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)合并糖尿病(DM)患者尿流动力学特点及其临床意义。方法:对BPH合并DM患者30例(研究组)和单纯BPH患者30例(对照组)的尿流动力学检查结果进行对比分析。结果:研究组在膀胱感觉减退、膀胱顺应性增加、膀胱逼尿肌不稳定、膀胱逼尿肌功能受损、初始尿意容量(FDV)、最大膀胱容量(MCC)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力(Pdet@Qmax)、剩余尿量(RUV)等方面,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:DM加重了BPH患者的膀胱功能障碍,尿流动力学检查对于BPH合并DM患者的诊断和治疗具有重要的临床参考价值。     

Sex distribution of adult idiopathic detrusor instability in relation to childhood bedwetting.

The urodynamic case records of 1000 consecutive men and women were reviewed to study the link between idiopathic detrusor instability (DI) and childhood nocturnal enuresis and to determine whether a sex difference in this relationship may exist. Idiopathic DI was found in 10% of the men, 63% of whom had suffered from childhood bedwetting; 29% of the women had idiopathic instability, of whom 38% had been nocturnal enuretics. Thus the link between adult idiopathic DI and childhood bedwetting appeared to be stronger for men than for women. The sex distribution of subjects is not always reported in urodynamic studies of bedwetters and adults with an unstable bladder. We suggest that this should become routine practice as it may help to shed light on the aetiology of idiopathic detrusor instability.     

Use of the bulbocavernosus reflex system in assessing voiding dysfunction

Purpose

The Bulbocavernosus Reflex System (BRS) (Laborie, Canada) is an office-based procedure used to measure the bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) latency period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the BCR as a predictor of specific voiding dysfunction patterns confirmed by urodynamics (UDS).

Methods

A total of 87 men were evaluated with BRS, UDS, and electromyography at Weill Cornell Medical College from March to August 2010. Baseline characteristics, demographics, UDS, and latency parameters were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate prolonged BCR (latency >45 ms) as a predictor of specific voiding dysfunction patterns.

Results

The median age of men was 70.4 years (IQR 57.6–75.6). Based on UDS, 60 men were given a primary or secondary diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), 43 a diagnosis of detrusor overactivity (DO), 11 a diagnosis of intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), and 4 a diagnosis of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). Median BCR latency was 57.0 ms (IQR 47.5–76.5) and 68 (78 %) men demonstrated a prolonged latency. In multivariate analysis, latency period was not significantly associated with DO, BOO, ISD, or DSD (p = 0.067, 0.696, 0.999, 0.971, respectively).

Conclusions

Prolonged bulbocavernosus reflex latency was not associated with DO, BOO, ISD, or DSD. Although evidence in the literature suggests a link between this reflex arc and voiding, its specific diagnostic role remains unclear. Large prospective trials are needed to further explore the role of BCR in the evaluation of patients with voiding dysfunction.     

Utility of the American Urological Association symptom index in the diagnosis of women with voiding dysfunction

The objective of the study was to determine the applicability of the American Urological Association (AUA) symptom index to the assessment and treatment of women with voiding dysfunction while investigating the specificity of the index to men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).One hundred and two consecutive adult patients (45 females, 57 males) with symptoms of dysfunctional micturition were prospectively evaluated using both the AUA symptom index and videourodynamic studies. According to urodynamic criteria, the patients were placed into three groups: 45 women with stress incontinence and/or detrusor instability but without bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); 23 men with detrusor instability (DI) without BOO; and 34 men with BPH and BOO. Correlation between symptom index scores and patient characteristics were examined. The mean index score for the 45 women was 17.0 (range 4–33). In contrast, the men scored mean values of 18.9 (range 7–28) and 20.5 (range 12–27) for the BPH with BOO and DI without BOO groups, respectively. The total score was statistically correlated with age, duration of bladder symptoms, cystometric capacity and maximum urine flow rate.The quantification of voiding symptoms, using the AUA symptom index, yields strikingly similar results in both women and men with voiding dysfunction, despite vastly different bladder and urethral pathologies. The etiology of voiding symptoms, whether detrusor dysfunction or bladder outlet obstruction, cannot be determined by the AUA symptom index. The index should, however, prove to be useful in evaluating treatment outcome in both men and women with voiding dysfunction.