PSA相关标志物在前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 探讨在前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)灰区(PSA 4～10ng/mL)患者中,血清总PSA及游离PSA比值(f/tPSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和(f/t) PSA/PSAD值对穿刺病理结果的诊断价值.方法 回顾2008年1月至2016年3月本院接受经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下前列腺穿刺的患者929例,对其中249例PSA 4～ 10 ng/mL患者的临床资料进行了整理分析.根据病理结果,分为前列腺癌组(PCa组)38例(15.26％),前列腺增生组(BPH组)211例(84.74％).对患者年龄、tPSA、f/tPSA、体积、PSAD、(f/t) PSA/PSAD值进行统计学分析.结果 两组患者的年龄水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在f/tPSA、体积、(f/t) PSA/PSAD水平,BPH组大于PCa组;在tPSA、PSAD水平,PCa组大于BPH组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).PCa组患者中f/tPSA或PSAD异常者32例,占84.21％:BPH组中f/tPSA或PSAD异常者110例,占52.13％,差异有统计学意义(X2=13.52,P ＜0.005).结论 f/tPSA和PSAD异常对PSA灰区的患者是否行前列腺穿刺具有指导意义.如果f/tPSA和PSAD结果相矛盾,f/tPSA联合PSAD、PSAD联合(f/t) PSA/PSAD的诊断价值相对较高.     

血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)和前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的意义。方法对192例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA≥4ng/ml者184例,PSA<4ng/ml且直肠指诊及经直肠B超有阳性发现者8例。对PSA、PSAD和PSAT与前列腺穿刺活检的关系进行分析。结果192例患者中经前列腺穿刺诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)100例,活检阳性率52.1%,其中8例PSA<4ng/ml者中,活检结果为前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例,良性前列腺增生7例;93例PSA>20ng/ml者中80例为PCa,活检阳性率86.0%;91例PSA4~20ng/ml者中19例为PCa,活检阳性率20.9%。血清PSA4~20ng/ml患者,PSAD>0.10或PSAT>0.10时,敏感性均为100%,特异性为11.1%或4.2%,阳性预测值为22.9%或21.6%,可避免8.8%(8/91)或3.3%(3/91)阴性穿刺结果。血清PSA4~20ng/ml时,前列腺穿刺阳性组和阴性组PSA分别为(13.2±4.7)和(11.4±4.6)ng/ml(P>0.05);PSAD分别为0.36±0.18和0.19±0.09(P=0.001);PSAT分别为0.67±0.36和0.32±0.18(P=0.000)。血清PSA、PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.613、0.810和0.833,PSAD和PSAT的ROC曲线下面积与PSA比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSA>20ng/ml时应做前列腺穿刺活检;PSA4~20ng/ml时,PSAD和PSAT对预测患者是否行前列腺穿刺活检有较大帮助。     

ROC曲线分析比较tPSA、fPSA／tPSA和PSAD在PSA灰区前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 ROC曲线分析探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、总PSA(tPSA)和游离PSA/总PSA(fPSA/tPSA)3者在PSA灰区前列腺癌(PCa)中的临床诊断价值.方法 同顾性分析tPSA在4～10ng/ml之间的前列腺增生(BPH)患者75例和前列腺癌患者31例.化学发光法测定血清tPSA和fPSA,经直肠超声(TRUS)测定前列腺体积,计算fPSA/tPSA和PSAD.比较BPH组和PCa组间tPSA、PSAD和fPSA/tPSA各指标的差异,分析各指标在ROC曲线卜的面积、各指标的诊断特异性及敏感性.结果 PCa组与BPH组tPSA差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),PCa组fPSA/tPSA比值较BPH组降低(P＜0.01),PSAD值较BPH组升高(P＜0.05).ROC曲线下的面积从大到小为fPSA/tPSA＞PSAD＞tPSA.在诊断敏感性相同的情况下,fPSA/tPSA比值诊断特异性高于PSAD的诊断特异性.当fPSA/tPSA临界值取0.16时,诊断前列腺癌的灵敏度和特异性为67.7%和79.7%,PSAD临界值取0.12时,其灵敏度和特异性为61.3%和62.7%.结论 当tPSA在诊断灰区时,PSAD和fPSA/tPSA可以提高前列腺癌的诊断特异性和敏感性,fPSA/tPSA较PSAD有更高的诊断价值.     

抗炎治疗后亚临床型前列腺炎患者血清PSA变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨抗炎治疗后亚临床型前列腺炎患者血清PSA变化及其临床意义.方法 直肠指检阴性的亚临床型前列腺炎患者136例.实验窒检查PSA 4.2～49.7(14.0±7.8)ng/ml.136例予抗炎治疗后2周复查PSA并在B超引导下行前列腺穿刺活检.评估抗炎治疗前后PSA、PSA密度(PSAD)、游离/结合PSA(f/t PSA)及其变化(△PSA、△PSAD、△f/t PSA),受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析抗炎前后各参数对前列腺癌的诊断效力.采用SPSS 11.0软件对组间行t检验.结果 136例穿刺活检诊断为前列腺癌33例.良性病变103例.抗炎治疗前后相比:PSA由(14.0±7.8)ng/ml降至(10.4±7.7)ng/ml、PSAD从(0.24±0.12)ng·ml1·ml~(-1)降至(0.18±0.12)ng·ml~(-1)·ml 1、f/t PSA从0.23±0.08降至0.16±0.07,治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).△PSA、△PSAD和△f/tPSA分别为(-3.59±4.34)ng/ml、(-0.10±0.09)ng·ml-1·ml-1及-0.06±0.05.抗炎治疗前PSA、PSAD和f/t PSA诊断前列腺癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.288、0.642和0.504,△PSA、APSAD和△f/tPSA诊断前列腺癌ROC曲线下面积分别为0.910、0.957和0.983,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).结论 亚临床型前列腺炎伴有PSA增高者经抗炎治疗2周后血清PSA明显下降;利用抗炎治疗后△PSA、APSAD、△f/t PSA可提高前列腺癌的诊断率,减少不必要的前列腺穿刺活检.     

PSAD在PSA 4～10ng患者前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）在前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）值介于4～10ng之间患者前列腺腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析183例血清PSA值介于4～10ng之间疑似前列腺癌患者的临床资料,所有患者均经直肠B超测得前列腺体积后再行经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺术,通过接受者工作特征曲线分析法评价PSAD在预测诊断前列腺癌中的应用价值。结果 183例患者中36例经直肠超声下前列腺活检的患者被诊断为前列腺癌,占19.7%。良性前列腺增生组与前列腺癌患者之间,PSA（0.681 5）与PSAD（0.721 4）的曲线下方面积比较相似,而游离前列腺特异性抗原与总前列腺特异性抗原比值（f/tPSA）的曲线下面积只有0.318 2,相比PSA,PSAD值将是一个更好的预测前列腺癌的指标。结论 PSAD对于PSA值介于4～10ng/mL的中国患者是一项更好的预测前列腺癌的指标。     

PSA、PSAD和PSAT对前列腺癌诊断的比较

目的　比较前列腺移行带特异性抗原密度（PSAT）与前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）及前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）在前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法　对78例PSA4～20ng/ml的患者行前列腺穿刺活检后比较PSA、PSAD和PSAT指标。结果　78例中,病理诊断为前列腺癌(PCa)32例,良性前列腺增生(BPH)46例,二者PSA平均值分别为(14.32±1.46)ng/ml、(13.89±1.52)ng/ml,二者相比差别无显著性意义(P>0.05);PSAD平均值分别为0.43±0.14、0.36±0.17,二者相比差别有显著性意义(P<0.05);PSAT平均值分别为0.75±0.19、0.31±0.06,二者相比差别有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论　PSAD和PSAT对预测PSA<20ng/ml的患者是否患前列腺癌有较大帮助,特别是PSAT更为准确。     

前列腺特异性抗原密度诊断前列腺偶发癌的临床价值

为探讨前列腺偶发癌早期诊断的有效指标，对11例前列腺偶发癌和20例前列腺增生症（BPH）患者前列腺特异性抗原密度（DPSA）进行了检测。结果前列腺偶发癌DPSA平均值为0．15±0．13ng／（ml·cm3），BPH为0．07±0．06ng／（ml·cm3），两者有非常显著性差异（P＜0．01）。11例DPSA＞0.1ng／（ml·cm3）者，9例为前列腺偶发癌；20例DPSA＜0．1ng／（ml·cm3）者，18例为BPH。而有9例前列腺偶发癌前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）＜10．0ng／ml，有12例BPH者PSA＞2.8ng/ml。认为当患者血清PSA轻、中度增高或正常时，DPSA可作为前列腺偶发癌早期诊断的有效指标。     

血清良性PSA与血清PSA前体在前列腺癌早期诊断中的临床应用研究进展

近年来,前列腺癌发病率在我国呈显著增长趋势。由于前列腺癌生物学行为具有特殊性,研究用于前列腺癌早期诊断的新的标志物已成为泌尿外科领域一个越来越重要的课题。继前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PSA密度(PSAD)、游离PSA与总PSA比值(f/tPSA)、cPSA与tPSA比值(c/tPSA)及cPSA移行带指数(cPSA-Tz)等瘤标之后,血清良性PSA(BPSA)与血清PSA前体(proPSA)已成为一个新的研究热点。目前血清良性PSA(BPSA)与血清PSA前体(proPSA)的临床应用尚处于研究阶段,却有望成为特异性和敏感性更高的前列腺癌标志物。本文就其最新研究成果作一综述。     

前列腺特异性抗原相关指标在前列腺良恶性疾病诊断中的运用比较

目的比较前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、前列腺移行带抗原密度(PSAD-TZ)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原和总前列腺特异性抗原比值(FPSA/TPSA)、在良性前列腺增生(BPH)和前列腺癌(PCa)鉴别诊断中的作用。方法55例BPH和23例PCa病人,PSA为4～20ng/ml,比较PSA、PSAD、FPSA/TPSA、PSAD-TZ指标,并进行统计学分析比较。结果BPH和PCa两组PSA平均值分别为(9.41±3.25)ng/ml和(11.29±2.50)ng/ml,两组比较P>0.05。两组PSAD平均值分别为(0.14±0.09)和(0.23±0.11),两组比较P<0.05。两组FPSA/TPSA平均值分别为(0.61±0.23)和(0.25±0.14),两组比较P<0.05。两组PSAD-TZ平均值分别为(0.25±0.19)和(0.52±0.25),两组比较P<0.01。结论PSAD、FPSA/TPSA、PSAD-TZ对PSA<20ng/ml的前列腺良、恶性病变具有鉴别作用,其中尤以PSAD-TZ更为准确。     

血清良性PSA与血清PSA前体在前列腺癌早期诊断中的临床应用研究进展

近年来。前列腺癌发病率在我国呈显著增长趋势。由于前列腺癌生物学行为具有特殊性，研究用于前列腺癌早期诊断的新的标志物已成为泌尿外科领域一个越来越重要的课题。继前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、PSA密度(PSAD)、游离PSA与总PSA比值(f／tPSA)、cPSA与tPSA比值(c／tPSA)cPSA移行带指数(cPSA-Tz)等瘤标之后。血清良性PSA(BPSA)与血清PSA前体(proPSA)已成为一个新的研究热点。目前血清良性PSA(BPSA)与血清PSA前体(proPSA)的临床应用尚处于研究阶段，却有望成为特异性和敏感性更高的前列腺癌标志物。本文就其最新研究成果作一综述。     

血清／尿PSA比值对血清PSA处于“灰区”中前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原（sPSA）与尿前列腺特异性抗原（uPSA）比值（s／uPSA）对血清PSA处于诊断“灰区”—sPSA于4．0～10．0ng／ml（放射免疫法范围）前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法选择血清PSA（sPSA）于诊断“灰区”的共191例前列腺疾病患者，采用放射免疫方法检测其尿PSA（uPSA）水平，根据前列腺活检结果分为前列腺癌组（PCa组，n=76）和良性前列腺增生症组（BPH组，n=115），比较两组s／uPSA比值以及两组间sPSA和s／uPSA比值的受试者运算特性曲线（ROC）面积。结果BPH组与PCa组的sPSA分别为（5．20±1．09）ng／ml和（6．41±2．12）ng／ml，uPSA分别（3．57±0．97）ng／ml和（2．17±0．61）ng／ml，sPSA和uPSA在BPH组与PCa组两者间差别均无统计学意义（t=0．91，t=1．24，P〉0．05）;BPH组与PCa组的s／uPSA分别为（2．32±0．61）和（4．13±1．09），PCa组s／uPSA比值明显高于BPH组，差别具有统计学意义（t=4．17，P〈O．01）。s／uPSA比值和sPSA的ROC曲线下面积分别为0．836和0．703。在保持95％敏感性时，s／uPSA比值和sPSA的特异性分别为77．1％和39．6％。结论在血清PSA值4．0～10．0ng／ml范围内，s／uPSA比值较sPSA更好地检出前列腺癌：在保持同一敏感性时，s／uPSA较sPSA具有更高的特异性。     

PSA密度在PSA 2.5～10.0 ng/mL和10.1～20.0 ng/mL患者前列腺癌诊断价值的多中心研究

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)在前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)值位于2.5~10 ng/m L和10.1~20.0 ng/m L患者前列腺癌诊断的效能。方法回顾性分析广州地区两家医院中PSA在2.5~20.0 ng/m L之间,行经直肠前列腺体积测量并行前列腺穿刺的461名患者临床资料,入选者分为PSA 2.5~10.0 ng/m L和PSA10.1~20.0 ng/m L两组,通过受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析法评价PSAD与PSA在预测前列腺癌的诊断效力。结果 PSA 2.5~10.0 ng/m L和PSA 10.1~20.0 ng/ml两组的曲线下面积比较,PSAD均高于PSA。在PSA 2.5~10.0 ng/m L组,PSAD预测前列腺癌的最佳临界点为0.15 ng·m L~(-1)·m L~(-1),敏感性和特异性分别为64.4%和64.6%;在PSA10.1~20.0 ng/m L组,PSAD预测前列腺癌的最佳临界点为0.33 ng·m L~(-1)·m L~(-1),敏感性和特异性分别为60.3%和82.7%。结论对于PSA2.5~10.0 ng/m L和10.1~20.0 ng/m L的中国男性,PSAD是一种更优的前列腺癌预测指标。     

Effect of NIH-IV prostatitis on free and free-to-total PSA

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of asymptomatic prostatic inflammation (NIH category IV prostatitis) on total PSA (tPSA), free serum PSA (fPSA) and the ratio of free-to-total prostate specific antigen (%fPSA). The role of free and %fPSA as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing between cancer and non-malignant diseases of the prostate was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a retrospective study 1090 prostate biopsies performed between January 2000 and September 2003 were evaluated and the levels of serum total and free PSA as well as the f/tPSA ratio were determined in samples obtained immediately before biopsy. 404 patients with full clinical and histological records were included in the study. All patients underwent 6 or 8 core primary prostate needle biopsies. RESULTS: A total of 404 patients were included in the analysis. 100 prostate cancer (PCa) (24.8%), 137 NIH-IV prostatitis (33.9%) and 143 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH) (35.4%) were identified. 24 (5.9%) patients presented with both PCa and prostatitis on histology and were excluded from further analysis. The mean (median) levels of tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA were 11.94 ng/ml (8.0), 1.31 ng/ml (1.07) and 0.15 (0.14) for NIH-IV prostatitis; 11.94 ng/ml (8.35), 1.54 ng/ml and 0.13 (0.11) for prostate cancer; and 8.19 ng/ml (7.0), 1.48 ng/ml (1.03) and 0.18 (0.15) for BPH. No significant difference was found in tPSA levels between PCa and prostatitis (p = 0.32), while the difference in tPSA levels between PCa and BPH was significant (p = 0.007). Free PSA alone had no diagnostic power in distinguishing PCa from prostatitis (p = 0. 37) and BPH (p = 0. 61). By contrast, the f/tPSA ratio showed significant between-group differences (PCa versus prostatitis (p = 0. 011), PCa versus BPH (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic asymptomatic prostatitis NIH category IV has similar effects on total PSA and free PSA levels in serum as PCa. fPSA alone cannot distinguish prostate cancer from non-malignant inflammatory disease of the prostate. The ratio of free-to-total PSA is significantly different in PCa and NIH category IV prostatitis.     

Value of prostate specific antigen α1-antichymotrypsin complex for the detection of prostate cancer in patients with a PSA level of 4.1–10.0ng/mL: Comparison with PSA-related parameters

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of prostate specific antigen alpha1-antichymotrypsin complex (PSA-ACT) in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer in patients with a PSA level of 4.1-10.0 ng/mL compared to several PSA- and PSA-ACT-related parameters. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 103 patients with no evidence of malignancy on biopsy and 29 with histologically confirmed prostate cancer. All patients had pretreatment serum PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL. The different forms of serum PSA, including total PSA (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and PSA-ACT were measured using immunofluorometric techniques with different monoclonal antibodies against PSA and ACT. Furthermore, tPSA and PSA-ACT densities of the whole prostate (PSAD and ACTD, respectively) and the f-to-tPSA and the f-to-PSA-ACT ratios (F/T ratio and F/ACT ratio, respectively) were calculated. RESULTS: The differences between patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic disease were significant with respect to all six parameters examined in this study. Analysis of receiver operating characteristics revealed that the areas under the curve for PSA-ACT, ACTD and the F/ACT ratio were larger than those for tPSA, PSAD and the F/T ratio, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in discrimination between benign and malignant diseases among these six parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who have an intermediate serum PSA level, PSA-ACT and its associated parameters may not be significantly superior in the differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostatic diseases compared to tPSA and its traditional relatives.     

血清tPSA、PSAD及Gleason评分在前列腺癌分期中的应用价值

目的:探讨血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)系列及穿刺组织活检Gleason评分在前列腺癌病理分期的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析我院1999～2008年病理证实为前列腺腺癌的124例患者资料,将该124例患者根据术后病理、骨扫描和CT或MRI结果分为A、B两组。骨扫描、CT、MRI或术后证实为有周围浸润或远处转移者归为A组;无周围浸润且无远处转移者归为B组。比较两组之间以上各指标的差异。通过多因素回归分析筛选前列腺癌病理分期的影响因子。运用工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)比较各指标的预测价值。结果:tPSA、穿刺活检Gleason评分值A组明显高于B组(P<0.05);多元Logistic回归分析中,仅tPSA进入模型,被认为是最主要的预测因子。ROC曲线对前列腺病理分期预测效力比较:联合分析tPSA与穿刺活检Gleason评分预测效果明显高于其他指标,工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)从大到小依次为Gleason评分+tPSA>tPSA>PSAD+tPSA+Gleason评分。结论:tPSA依然是临床上对前列腺癌病理分期较好的预测因素;联合穿刺组织活检Gleason评分,可以提高预测准确度,对指导临床治疗和预后有重要意义。     

Value of the Free to Total Prostate Specific Antigen Ratio and Prostate Specific Antigen Density for Detecting Prostate Cancer in Japanese Patients

Background : This study evaluated the free to total serum prostate specific antigen (f/t PSA) ratio and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) in detecting prostate cancer in Japanese males with a PSA level between 2.5 and 20.0 ng/mL in a community-based urology practice.
Methods : Twenty-six patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and 44 patients with histologically-proven benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied. The serum levels of free PSA (fPSA) and total (t) PSA were determined using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. The f/t PSA ratio was calculated by dividing the fPSA value by the total PSA value and was compared with the PSA and PSAD via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results: Patients with prostate cancer had a significantly lower f/t PSA ratio than patients with BPH. The PSAD was a superior diagnostic tool over PSA (P < 0.01) when analyzed by ROC curves. The f/t PSA ratio was also superior to PSA, but lacked significance (P=0.12), and similarly, the PSAD was superior, but not significant, to the f/t PSA ratio. Using a cut-off value of 0.1 9, the PSAD had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 82%. With a cut-off value of 14.0%, the f/t PSA ratio had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 66%.
Conclusion: This study showed that PSAD alone improved cancer detection significantly better than PSA. However, it is still unclear whether the f/t PSA ratio is superior to PSA or PSAD in the discrimination between BPH and prostate cancer in Japanese male patients.