PRK矫正二次RK术后残留近视及散光

目的观察准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗二次放射状角膜切开术后残留近视及散光的疗效.方法对我院自1996年3月至1 998年7月间用准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗的二次放射状角膜切开术后残留近视及散光病人29例41眼进行观察,依术前病人屈光度分为两组,第一组＜-3.00D,17例25眼,第二组≥-3.00D,12例16眼.随访时间1年以上.结果术后1年第一组裸跟视力为0.90±0.1 6,第二组为0.87±0.12.第一组最佳矫正视力为1.02±0.1 6,第二组为0.96±0.17.第一组球镜屈光度下降2.29±0.451),第二组下降4.37±1.66D.病人散光度下降2.11±0.73D.结论准发子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗放射状角膜切开术后残留近视及散光的预测性好,疗效确定,安全可靠.     

Combining refractive and topographic data in corneal refractive surgery for astigmatism

Purpose: To provide a theoretical approach for combining refractive and topographic data in the planning of corneal laser refractive surgery for astigmatism. Methods: Refractive and topographic data for astigmatism were transformed to the corneal plane. Net astigmatisms were converted to polar values. An optimization process was performed with the use of differential calculus. Results: With this method, the magnitude of the corneal astigmatism is reduced or unaltered, while its orientation is maintained. The method identifies the reduction in corneal astigmatism, which will yield the largest reduction in refractive astigmatic magnitude. Conclusions: The advantage of the optimization method described in this article is a consistent reduction in corneal astigmatism towards sphericity. No new corneal astigmatism is carved on the cornea, and probably less tissue is ablated. The optimization method may also be used to combine refractive and topographic data for higher order aberrations with sinusoidal components. However, compared to the traditional purely refractive driven treatment, more refractive astigmatism will remain in the eye in most cases. A controlled clinical trial is necessary for comparing these two treatment modalities.     

Excimer laser surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism

Photorefractive keratectomy using the Summit Excimer Laser has been carried out on 1333 eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism which have been followed up for six months or longer. Of those, 607 have been followed up for one year.
Of the eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism of up to 3 dioptres spherical equivalent, at one year 85.6% had unaided vision of 6/6, 97.2% 6/9 or better, and 99.4% 6/12 or better. Of the eyes between -3.25 and -6.00 dioptres spherical equivalent, at one year 72.1% achieved 6/6 vision unaided, 88.8% 619 or better, and 94.2% 6112 or better. Of the eyes between -6.25 and -10.00 dioptres, at one year 49.6% achieved 616 vision unaided, 76.1% 619 or better and 88.0% 6/12 or better.
To achieve these figures, 28% of the patients had astigmatic keratotomy, either two or three weeks before photorefractive keratectomy, or at the same time as photorefractive keratectomy. Photorefractive keratectomy is as predictable as radial keratotomy in eyes of under 6 dioptres myopia, but is more predictable than radial keratotomy in higher myopia. Photorefractive keratectomy has the advantages of leaving an eye which is structurally sound, and without diurnal variation of focusing.     

准分子激光散光性角膜切削术治疗复合近视散光

为评价准分子激光散光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏａｓｔｉｇｍａｔｉｃ－ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，ＰＡＲＫ）治疗复合性近视散光的效果，采用ｋｅｒ－ａｔｏｍⅠ型准分子激光机，利用准分子激光对角膜浅表层的椭圆形切削，共对５７例８２只复合近视散光眼行治疗，随访１年以上。术前近视球镜平均为－６．２３±２．５０Ｄ，散光为－１．４７±０．８２Ｄ，角膜散光为１．２１±０．４８Ｄ，最佳矫正视力为０．９７±０．１５。结果：术后视力和屈光状态在３～６个月趋于稳定，术后１年随访，近视平均为－０．５２±１．００Ｄ，散光为－０．４３±０．４３Ｄ，相比术前散光平均降低７０．７％；在术前散光≤０．７５Ｄ、１．００～１．７５Ｄ及≥２．００Ｄ三组中，其术后散光分别比术前降低６０．３％、７０．０％和７４．９％，术后角膜散光平均为０．７２±０．２７Ｄ，比术前降低４０．５％；术后裸眼视力：９０．２％达到０．５或以上，７２％达到０．８或以上。无严重手术并发症。结论：ＰＡＲＫ是矫治散光的有效安全方法，主要用于矫正由规则对称角膜散光引起的复合近视散光     

角膜地形图对准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后散光变化的判断作用

目的 探讨准分子激光我性角膜手术前后角膜地形图△ＳｉｎＫ变化值在散光度数变化判断中的作用。方法 对近视度为－１．５０～－２４．００Ｄ,散光度数－０．７５～－５．５０Ｄ的患者８９例１５０眼行准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（ＰＲＫ）或分子激光原位角膜磨削术（ＬＡＳＩＫ）,观察６个月以上,经计算机得出角膜曲率△ＳｉｎＫ变化值Ｘ与临床散光度数变化 值Ｙ的散点图及相关系数ｒ值。结果 手术前后Ｘ与Ｙ的关系：Ｙ＝１     

角膜屈光手术后圆锥角膜的临床分析

目的 :研究角膜屈光手术后出现的圆锥角膜的特性 ,探讨圆锥角膜发生的可能机制 ,为临床提供有价值的建议 ,并评价硬性透氧性角膜接触镜 (RGP)在术后圆锥角膜中的治疗作用。方法 :对角膜屈光手术后出现角膜膨出的 11例 18眼患者做常规裂隙灯检查、主客观验光、角膜曲率测定、角膜厚度检测和角膜地形图检查 ,并根据角膜曲率特征选择试戴镜片 ,以荧光素图判断配适情况 ,选择镜片 ,并作片上验光。结果 :11例 18眼患者 ,术前屈光度 :球镜平均为 (-8.6 9± - 0 .94 )DS ,柱镜度数平均为 (- 1.2 8± - 0 .5 4 )DC。其中 14眼出现圆锥角膜为LASIK术后 ,2眼为PRK后 ,2眼为RK术后。表现圆锥角膜特征的时间在术后 2～ 12个月 ,平均为 (7.4 1± 3.95 )个月。圆锥的位置 :角膜正中 9眼 ,角膜正中上方 1眼 ,颞下方 1眼 ,外围 1眼 ,正下方 4眼 ,水平蝴蝶型 2眼。RGP镜片配适满意的达 90 % ,可以接受的为10 % ;患者戴镜后的矫正视力 0 .1～ 1.0D ,平均为 (0 .72± 0 .2 3)D。结论 :角膜屈光手术后圆锥角膜往往出现在高度数近收稿日期 :2 0 0 3 -0 5 -0 3 ;修回日期 :2 0 0 3 -10 -3 0作者简介 :瞿小妹 (1965 -) ,女 ,上海人 ,医学博士 ,副主任医师 ,研究方向 :眼视光学。E -mail:quxiaomei2 0 0 2 @hotmail.com视患者中     

Implantable collamer lens for residual refractive error after corneal refractive surgery

AIM: To assess the safety, efficacy, predictability and stability of implantable collamer lens (ICL) for residual refractive error after corneal refractive surgery. METHODS: This study evaluated 19 eyes of 12 patients who underwent ICL implantation after corneal refractive surgeries. They were followed up for 1y to 5y of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refractive error, flat and steep K value, axial length, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density, adverse events after ICL surgery. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 39.05±19.22 mo (range, 1-5y). Spherical equivalent refractive error changed from -7.45±3.02 D preoperatively to -0.85±1.10 D 1wk to 1mo after ICL implantation, with the safety and efficacy indices being 1.12 and 1.15, respectively. A total of 52.63% of eyes were within ±0.5 D of the predicted spherical equivalents, 73.68% were within ±1.0 D. A trend of mild regression towards myopia with axial elongation after 5y was observed. One eye with mild anterior capsule opacity and retinal detachment 1y after surgery were observed. CONCLUSION: ICL implantation is safe and effective for the correction of residual refractive error after corneal refractive surgeries, especially in moderate to high residual myopia.     

准分子激光散光性角膜切削术治疗复合性近视散光

目的 探讨准分子激光散光性角膜切削术（ｐｈｏｔｏａｓｔｉｇｍａｔｉｃ ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅ ｋｅｒａｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ,ＰＡＲＫ）矫治复性近视散光的有效性、准确性和预测性。方法 采用Ｃｏｍｍｐａｋ－２００型准分子激光机,对３４例４６眼复性近视散光行角膜椭圆形切削,根据散光度大小分为２组;Ａ组（－１．７５～－２．７５Ｄ）,Ｂ组（－３．００～－５．２５Ｄ）,并随访０．５ａ以上,观察手术前后的视力、屈光度、     

白内障术前角膜散光检查的新进展

随着人们生活水平的不断提高和生活方式的多样化发展,获得更好的视觉质量已成为现阶段手术治疗白内障的新目标。角膜散光直接影响白内障手术功能性人工晶状体(IOL)种类的选择和患者术后视功能的恢复,角膜散光检查的种类不再局限于单一的散光数值,而是细分成角膜前表面散光、后表面散光、全角膜散光以及高阶角膜散光等,相应的检查设备及技术也有较多更新。临床医生可根据不同设备特点及应用范围,选择适合的检查设备评估术前角膜散光情况,为制定更精准的屈光性白内障手术规划提供参考,对散光型IOL的定位、度数计算以及多焦点类IOL的选择有重要意义。本文将对白内障术前角膜散光检查种类和检查设备新进展进行综述。     

Corneal refractive surgery: past to present

There have been many historical corneal refractive techniques and procedures developed over the years. From early techniques of radial keratotomy to modern excimer laser techniques, the field of refractive surgery is one of the most rapidly developing in ophthalmology. This review details the historical aspects of the many early techniques up to current techniques used on millions of eyes around the world.     

正常角膜伴近视散光眼角膜各形态参数分布特征及与全眼屈光参数的关系

目的 探讨正常角膜伴近视散光眼角膜各形态参数分布特征及与全眼屈光参数的关系.方法 收集102例(204眼)近视患者,分别应用非接触眼压计、检影仪、A超、角膜超声测厚仪、Pentacam三维眼前节分析仪进行眼压、屈光度、眼轴长度、角膜厚度、角膜前后表面形态参数等测量,应用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行数据分析.结果 正常角膜伴近视散光眼角膜中央厚度(537.06±25.45)μm,角膜中央前表面高度(2.35±1.39)μm,中央后表面高度(3.60±2.73) μm,角膜Q值(8 mm范围)-0.30±0.10,角膜最薄点距角膜顶点距离(0.59±0.19)mm,角膜最薄点位置多位于角膜顶点颞下方,占91.67％.角膜最薄点至周边厚度增长变化指数为1.04±0.13.角膜中央前后表面高度、角膜Q值、角膜最薄点至周边厚度增长变化指数与等效球镜、眼压、眼轴长度无明显相关性(均为P＞0.05).结论 正常角膜伴近视散光眼角膜形态各项参数分布值各有特点,与全眼屈光参数无明显相关性.     

Improvement in corneal scarring following bacterial keratitis

Aim

Bacterial keratitis results in corneal scarring and subsequent visual impairment. The long-term evolution of corneal scars has not been well described. In this case series, we identified patients who had improvement in corneal scarring and visual acuity from a clinical trial for bacterial keratitis.

Methods

We searched the records of the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT) for patients who had improvement in vision between the 3-month and 12-month visits and reviewed their clinical photographs.

Results

Of the 500 patients enrolled in SCUT, five patients with large central corneal scars due to bacterial keratitis are presented. All experienced improvement in rigid contact lens–corrected visual acuity from months 3 to 12. All patients also had marked improvement in corneal opacity during the same time period. None of the patients opted to have penetrating keratoplasty.

Conclusions

Corneal scars may continue to improve even many months after a bacterial corneal ulcer has healed. The corneal remodeling can be accompanied by considerable improvement in visual acuity, such that corneal transplantation may not be necessary.     

PRK治疗复性近视散光效果分析

目的探讨PRK治疗复性近视散光的临床疗效.方法按术前欲矫正球镜屈光度将88眼分为A(≤-6D,62眼)、B(≥-6.25D,26眼)两组,回顾性分析随访1年后的残留球镜度、散光度和非矫正视力情况.结果术后B组球镜度仍高于A组(-0.83D和-0.44D,P=0.0005).两组除术后3个月时,手术前后散光度均无明显差别(P>0.05).两组间非矫正视力在整个随访期间差别均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01).结论由于对高度近视矫正得不够彻底,PRK仅对球镜度低于-6D以下的复性近视散光疗效确切.     

不同年龄段前角膜散光和后角膜散光相关性的横断面研究

目的：以不同年龄段分组评估前角膜散光(ACA)和后角膜散光(PCA)。同时分析各年龄段ACA、PCA之间散光程度、散光轴的相关性。

方法：横断面研究,包括381眼。将临床测得的散光数值转换为向量记法,以分析ACA和PCA。在整体人群和四个不同年龄段(5～19, 20～39, 40～59, 和≥60)中评估ACA和PCA之间散光程度、散光轴的关系。使用随机效应线性回归模型评估ACA、PCA散光程度之间的关系。

结果：在5～9岁儿童中,ACA平均散光度最高为3.59D,PCA为0.50D。总体上来说,ACA在1～10.0D,PCA在0～3.5D。在较年轻的分组中(5～19岁),ACA和PCA显著相关(r=0.85, P<0.001)。在60岁以上组中,ACA每增加1D,PCA增加0.04D(95%CI： 0.005, 0.07; P=0.03),增加程度相比其余组最少。

结论：在60岁以上人群中,相比仅仅依靠经验公式,通过ACA数据计算IOL度数,更为谨慎的方法是同时测定后角膜散光度和散光轴。     

白内障患者手术前角膜散光分析

目的 分析白内障患者手术眼角膜散光的分布以及随年龄的变化情况.方法 测量白内障患者手术眼角膜水平轴和垂直轴的屈光度,计算角膜散光,对散光的分布进行统计分析.结果 4753只眼中,1502(31.6%)只眼无角膜散光;1816(38.2%)只眼角膜散光小于等于0.5D;1336(28.1%)只眼大于0.5D小于等于2.0D;99(2.1%)只眼大于2.0D.平均角膜散光(0.81±0.50)D.随着年龄增大,水平轴的角膜屈光度增加(P＜0.05),逆规性散光在角膜散光中所占比例增大(P＜0.05).结论 30.1%的白内障手术眼角膜散光在0.5D以上.随着年龄增长水平轴的角膜屈光度增加,角膜散光由顺规性散光向逆规性散光转变.     

Delayed corneal wound healing following radial keratotomy

Four human corneal specimens obtained 5 to 47 months following radial keratotomy were evaluated by correlative microscopy. Repeat radial keratotomies had been performed in two cases. We documented gaping keratotomy incisions, epithelial plugs, and epithelial-lined incisions. In all cases, Bowman's layer was malapposed with slight to moderate fibroblastic activity at the incision sites. Epithelial and endothelial radial ridges were seen in two cases. No endothelial damage was seen under the radial incisions. The morphological evaluation of these specimens show the potential for a poor wound-healing response when corneas with previous corneal surgery and/or pathologic states undergo radial keratotomy.     

老年性白内障患者中角膜后表面散光对总角膜散光的影响

目的　研究老年性白内障患者模拟角膜曲率计散光和总角膜散光大小及轴位的差异,评价角膜后表面散光对总角膜散光的影响。方法　８０例老年性白内障患者（１０５眼,左４７眼,右５８眼）手术前行Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ检查,记录角膜前后表面散光,并对角膜前后表面散光行相关性分析。模拟角膜曲率计散光用屈光指数１．３３７５及角膜前表面曲率半径计算,总角膜散光由前后表面散光在角膜后表面的矢量合计,计算模拟角膜曲率计散光和总角膜散光的矢量差Ｅ→、大小差Ｅ和轴位差Ａ。结果　角膜前表面散光和后表面散光大小间无明显相关性（Ｐ＝０．９８）,后表面散光对前表面散光的平均补偿作用为５．７９％。总角膜散光及模拟角膜曲率计散光大小分别为（１．１２±０．６５）Ｄ和（１．０７±０．６４）Ｄ,差异具有统计学意义（ｔ＝－２．４０,Ｐ＝０．０２）;两者轴位分别为（６７．９３±５６．５０）°和（６８．９０±５９．６８）°,差异无统计学意义（ｔ＝－０．２７,Ｐ＝０．７９）。散光值大小及轴位差异的算术均值分别是（０．０５±０．２３）Ｄ和（－０．５７±１３．０２）°,绝对值是（０．１９±０．１５）Ｄ和（７．００±１０．９７）°。两者散光大小差别大于０．５０Ｄ或轴位差别大于１０°的有３０眼,占２８．５７％。结论　老年性白内障患者忽略角膜后表面测量可能会导致具有临床意义的角膜散光值估计的差异。     

Scleral contact lenses for visual rehabilitation in keratoconus and irregular astigmatism after refractive surgery

This study aims to report our experience of using fluid-ventilated, gas-permeable scleral contact lenses (SCLs) for visual rehabilitation of patients with keratoconus and irregular astigmatism after refractive surgery. This is a noncomparative interventional case series reporting eight consecutive patients fitted with SCLs because of irregular astigmatism following the failure of other optical corrections. Retrospective chart review and data analysis included age, sex, etiology prior to lens fitting, visual outcomes, follow-up time, and complications. Twelve eyes of eight patients were studied. All eyes were fitted with SCLs due to unsatisfactory vision with spectacle correction or other contact lens modalities. Five eyes had keratoconus and seven had irregular corneas post refractive surgery. The mean follow-up period was 14.4 ± 1.3 months (range 11–17 months). The mean age was 32.63 ± 7.68 years (range 18–48 years). The average steepest keratometry(Kmax) of our series was 49.56 ± 12.2 D. The mean refractive astigmatism was 5.50 ± 5.3 D. The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution improved from 0.71 ± 0.50 (range 0.10–1.40) to 0.05 ± 0.07 (range 0.00–0.15) after SCL fitting (p < 0.001). All reported eyes achieved significant improvement in the BCVA with SCL fitting. None of the patients discontinued to wear SCLs. SCLs should be considered lenses of choice in irregular corneas refractory to conventional optical correction.     

经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术治疗不规则角膜散光的视觉质量观察

目的观察对不规则角膜散光患者施行角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术后患者视觉质量的改善情况。方法非随机前瞻性临床研究。收集不规则角膜散光患者12例（15眼）,施行角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术,观察术前及术后1个月、3个月患者UCVA、BCVA、屈光状态、对比敏感度,记录术后角膜haze出现的时间与分级,以及安全性、有效性指数。数据采用重复样本的方差分析进行比较。结果①UCVA均值术前为4.11±0.28,到术后3个月提高至4.88±0.16（F=36.706,P＜0.05）;BCVA均值术前为4.86±0.08,到术后个3月提高至4.98±0.09（F=5.075,P＜0.05）,且无一眼视力较术前下降;手术治疗的安全性指数为1.025,有效性指数为1.004。②术前平均等效球镜度与平均柱镜度分别由术前的（-3.73±4.62）D、（-1.71±1.43）D,下降至术后3个月的（-0.03±0.09）D（F=-4.034,P＜0.05）、（-0.38±1.14）D,（F=-9.192,P＜0.05）。③术后3个月3、6、12 c/d 3种空间频率对比敏感度与术前相比均明显提高（P＜0.05）。④术后1个月haze出现2例,到术后3个月时全部消退。结论角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术可以有效矫正不规则角膜散光;改善不规则角膜散光患者的对比敏感度,提高患者视觉质量。