可降解内支架法结肠吻合技术对结肠生理功能影响的动物实验研究

背景 我们发展了一种应用可降解支架行结肠吻合的新技术,在以往的在巴马小型猪动物实验上已经证实了这种支架和技术是简单、可行并且安全的。本研究将评估这种支架和技术对肠道生理功能的影响。 方法 将20只猪随机分配至支架吻合组（SA, n=10）和常规吻合组（CA, n=10）。SA组行可降解内支架法结肠吻合。CA组行常规的手工吻合。手术前后分别测量或分析体重、粪便重量、全结肠传输时间、Cajal间质细胞免疫组化、血二胺氧化酶水平以及occludin蛋白免疫印迹。 结果 所有实验动物未出现明显的腹泻或便秘。在各个时间点上,两组实验动物的体重无明显差异,CA组在术后第七天的粪便重量较SA组显著减少。所有实验动物均未出现肠麻痹或肠梗阻。全结肠传输时间在各个时间点上无组间差异,且在组内各个时间点上也无显著差异。在各个时间点上,两组实验动物肠道切片的Cajal间质细胞积分光密度值无显著差异。术后两组实验动物的血二胺氧化酶值都显著上升,在术后3-7天内的某一时间开始下降,两组间无显著差异。两组实验动物术后14天与30天肠标本的occludin蛋白免疫印迹结果均与它们的术前水平无显著差异。 结论 在评价对肠道生理功能的影响方面,可降解内支架法结肠吻合法与常规手工吻合方法相比无显著差异。     

应用可降解腔内支架的无缝合吻合术在狗胆肠吻合模型的实验研究

目的 传统的手工缝合行胆肠吻合术操作困难、费时,尤其在小胆管吻合和腹腔镜手术时明显。为简化和改良手术操作,我们设计了一种新的应用可降解腔内支架的无缝合胆肠吻合术。本文拟在狗胆总管十二指肠吻合模型中评估该无缝合方法的可行性和安全性。方法 为无缝合胆总管十二指肠吻合术设计一种腔内吻合支架管,这种专利支架管直径3mm和4mm,材料为可降解聚乳酸。38条毕格犬随机分为支架组（SG n=20）和对照组（CG n=18）。SG组应用无缝合支架法行胆总管十二指肠端侧吻合,CG组行传统可吸收缝线间断一层胆总管十二指肠端侧吻合。动物分术后1、3、6、12月4个亚组,比较两组术中吻合手术时间、术中吻合口耐受压、胆漏发生率、术后吻合口爆破压差异,观察两组术后胆红素和肝酶变化、术后1,3,6,12月取材的吻合口组织病理形态学改变,包括HE染色和Masson染色,比较两组吻合口羟脯氨酸含量,观察两组吻合口疤痕纤维组织增生状况。MRCP了解术后6月,12月两组吻合口状况。结果 手术均顺利完成,支架组吻合时间明显小于对照组(SG19.2±4.3min VS CG29.2±7.1min, P 0.000);两组各有1例胆漏并死亡（SG5.0% VS CG 5.6%,P=0.695)。两组间术中吻合口耐受压、术后胆漏发生率、术后各时期吻合口爆破压、吻合口羟脯氨酸含量、胆红素和肝酶测定均无显著性差异。MRCP检查及病理检查未发现吻合口狭窄和梗阻。结论 在狗胆总管十二指肠吻合模型中,无缝合腔内可降解支架胆吻合方法具有可行性和安全性。     

Sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with an intraluminal degradable stent in dog model

Background  It is difficult and time-consuming for carrying out conventional hand-sewn bilioenteric anastomosis, especially for small bile duct anastomosis and laparoscopic procedure. In order to simplify it, we have developed a novel procedure of sutureless bilioenteric anastomosis with an intraluminal degradable stent. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this technique with cholangioduodenostomy in dog model.

Methods  A patent intraluminal degradable stent tube for sutureless choledochoduodenostomy in dog model was made with polylactic acid in diameter of 3 mm or 4 mm. Thirty-eight dogs were randomly divided into to a stent group (SG, n=20) and a control group (CG, n=18). Dogs in the SG underwent sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with intraluminal stent, while the CG underwent conventional choledochoduodenostomy (single layer discontinuous anastomosis with absorbable suture). Dogs of each group were divided into 4 subgroups according to time of death (1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively) to evaluate the healing of anastomosis. Operation time, intraoperative tolerance pressure of anastomosis, rate of postoperative bile leakage, bursting pressure of anastomosis were compared between the two groups. Anastomosis tissue was observed afterwards by pathology evaluation, hydroxyproline content, serum bilirubin, liver enzyme level and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) to assess the stricture.

Results  All procedures were completed successfully. The surgical time of the SG was significantly less than the CG (SG: (19.2±4.3) minutes, vs. CG: (29.2±7.1) minutes, P=0.000). One bile leakage was occurred in either group. No significant difference of intraoperative tolerance pressure of anastomosis, rate of bile leakage and postoperative bursting pressure of anastomosis, anastomotic stricture, hydroxyproline content, serum bilirubin and liver enzyme level was found between the two groups. MRCP showed no anastomosis stricture and obstruction during months of follow-up.

Conclusion  The technique of sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with a degradable intraluminal stent is feasible and a safe procedure in this dog model.

     

密封结肠灌洗在左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合术中的应用

目的:探讨密封结肠清洁灌洗在左半结肠癌并急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合术中的临床应用价值。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,选取左半结肠癌并急性梗阻患者63例,随机分为2组,均给予Ⅰ期切除吻合术,对照组31例术中常规解除梗阻,观察组32例则采用全结肠密封清洁灌洗术;对比2组的临床疗效、术后并发症及血清炎性指标。结果:观察组患者的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）;2组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组患者治疗前血清白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组患者治疗后的血清白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平均明显低于对照组（P<0.01）。结论:左半结肠癌并急性梗阻Ⅰ期切除吻合术中进行密封结肠清洁灌洗可彻底清除肠腔内病原体和污物,利于控制术后感染,提高患者恢复水平。     

结肠内支架置入联合腹腔镜手术治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻的临床研究

目的探讨结肠内支架置人联合腹腔镜手术治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻的临床效果。方法选取首都医科大学潞河教学医院和第二炮兵总医院2009年7月～2012年7月收治的急性左半结肠恶性梗阻患者72例。根据手术方法将患者分为两组,采用传统开腹手术治疗患者36例为对照组,采用结肠内支架置入联合腹腔镜手术治疗患者36例为观察组,比较两组患者的临床指标。结果观察组手术时间（152．4±20．3）min、术中出血量（121．7±26．9）mL、术后肛门排气时间（2．9±0．8）d、术后住院时间（6．7±1．8）d、并发症发生率（2．8％）均明显小于对照组的（179．6±25．1）min、（162．8±37．5）mL、（3．7±1．3）d、（9．3±2．4）d、19．4％,观察组淋巴结清扫数目（15．7±2．9）枚、患者满意度（97．2％）均明显高于对照组的（12．6±3．1）枚、83．3％,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论结肠内支架置入联合腹腔镜手术治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症发生率低等优点,是一种安全有效的治疗手段。值得临床推广使用。     

可生物降解肠吻合支架的动物实验研究

目的利用一种拥有自主研发的可降解肠吻合支架进行犬肠吻合术,观察该吻合支架的可操作性及对吻合口并发症预防的作用。方法实验犬分实验组和对照组,麻醉后分别进行手工缝合及利用该吻合器进行拟定肠段的全层吻合,术后第7、14天时分批处死实验犬,对吻合口爆破压、吻合口周径、肠管周径、吻合口部位羟脯氨酸含量等项目进行观测。结果利用吻合支架进行的肠吻合,其吻合口爆破压、羟脯氨酸含量等观测数据均优于对照组,吻合口周径、肠管周径两组无差异。结论该吻合器操作简单、快速、安全,可有效预防及降低术后吻合口并发症,值得继续深入研究。     

左半结肠梗阻一期切除吻合术后并发症的预防

目的：总结左半结肠梗阻一期切除吻合术后吻合口漏及腹腔感染的预防经验。方法：回顾性分析1992年10月至2000年10月住院并行结肠一期切除吻合术的低位结肠梗阻28例。结果：全组术后无吻合口漏和腹腔感染,切口感染2例。平均住院18d。结论：合理的手术操作及围手术期处理是预防左半结肠梗阻一期吻合术后发生吻合口漏及腹腔感染的关键。     

结肠J型贮袋吻合与结肠横行贮袋吻合应用于直肠癌骶前切除术的临床对比

目的探讨结肠J型贮袋吻合与结肠横行贮袋吻合应用于直肠癌骶前切除术的临床对比效果。方法120例直肠癌患者根据手术方法的不同分为治疗组与对照组各60例,两组首先都采用直肠癌骶前切除术,然后对照组采用结肠J形贮袋吻合,治疗组采用结肠横行贮袋吻合。记录两组平均手术时间、术中输血量、住院时间、并发症发生情况及出现直肠抑制反射的几率。结果治疗组的平均手术时间、术中输血量和住院时间均明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组并发症发生情况比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后6个月,治疗组出现直肠抑制反射的几率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论结肠横行贮袋吻合应用直肠癌骶前切除术能有效减少创伤,促进创伤恢复,同时促进术后肛门直肠功能的恢复。     

左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻一期切除吻合术

目的：探讨左半结肠癌致急性结肠梗阻一期切除吻合术的疗效和可行性。方法：运用术中结肠灌洗对12例左半结肠癌致急性结肠梗阻患者行一期切除吻合术。结果：12例患者全部达到一期愈合,术后无吻合口瘘发生。结论：使用术中结肠灌流行一期切除吻合术,对治疗左半结肠癌致急性结肠梗阻疗效好,方法可行。     

左侧结肠癌伴急性梗阻的Ⅰ期吻合处理

目的：介绍结肠癌梗阻（ＬＯＣＣ）Ⅰ期处理的方法并评价其结果的合理性。方法：１９８８年－１９９８年１０年间我科收治的ＬＯＣＣ患者共３８例,有２８例选择性地实施了肿瘤Ⅰ期发除,梗阻段训顺行灌洗和Ⅰ期吻合,结果：手术死亡率０．００％临床吻合口漏３．６％,伤口感染率７．１％,平均住院日显１４ｄ,结论：ＬＯＣＣＩ期处理方法临床可靠,效果满意,与经典手术方法相比使患者受益更多。     

Randomized trial on the application of biofragmentable anastomosis ring in intestinal anastomosis

Background The biofragmentable anastomosis ring （BAR） is a simple alternative device to create intestinal anastomosis. Our study was designed to evaluate the clinical value of BAR in intestinal anastomosis. Methods A total of 167 patients performed intestinal anastomosis from January 2002 to February 2006 were randomized to BAR group （n=82） and manual suture group （n=-85） as control. They were equally allocated to the two groups regarding sex, age, site of anastomosis, emergent or elective surgery and contaminant diseases. The results of postoperative complications and recovery were recorded in each group. Results Eighty-seven intraperitoneal BAR anastomoses were completed in 82 patients. Two and one postoperative deaths were recorded in BAR and suture group, respectively, no deaths were directly related to anastomotic technique. In suture group, anastomotic leakage and early bleeding both occurred in two patients respectively, no anastomotic bleeding occurred in BAR group, one patient in BAR group developed enterocutaneous fistulae. Perioperative bleeding, operation time and length of hospitalization were similar in two groups （P 〉0.05）. Time for return of bowel function was significantly shortened in BAR group than that in suture group （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The BAR appears to be a standard, easy, safe and effective alternative either in elective or emergent intraperitoneal intestinal anastomotic surgery.     

左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻行Ⅰ期吻合98例疗效分析

目的探讨左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻行Ⅰ期吻合的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2000年—2010年98例左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻行左半结肠Ⅰ期切除吻合患者的临床资料。结果本组98例患者行Ⅰ期吻合术均获治愈,其中出现吻合口瘘5例,切口液化感染8例,均经积极处理后痊愈,无术后腹腔脓肿、围术期死亡病例。术后并发症发生率为13.27%.结论治疗左半结肠癌致急性肠梗阻,只要选择合适病例,完善术中及围术期处理,行Ⅰ期吻合手术是安全、有效、可靠的。     

急诊左半结肠一期切除吻合术25例治疗体会

目的探讨急诊左半结肠切除一期肠吻合的可行性。方法腹腔探查完后，用布带结扎横结肠，游离肠系膜后，于预切除肠段的上端切开作肠外减压，挤压排空粪便，切除病变肠管，端端吻合，术后作肛管扩张，停留肛管引流，胃肠减压。结果全部病人预期痊愈出院，无发生吻合口漏和腹腔污染。结论该法有利于吻合口的愈合，增加左半结肠一期切除吻合的安全性，减少第2次手术痛苦，可推荐为左半结肠急诊切除一期吻合的良好方法。     

术中肠道灌洗在梗阻性左半结肠癌根治术中的应用

目的探讨术中肠道灌洗在梗阻性左半结肠癌根治术中肠道一期切除吻合的应用价值和安全性评价。方法回顾性分析60例左半结肠癌并急性梗阻患者的术中处理。结果60例中治疗组50例行术中肠道灌洗一期切除吻合,47例恢复顺利,无并发症发生,2例出现吻合口瘘,1例出现腹腔脓肿,2例死亡;对照组8例行一期肠切除吻合而未行术中肠道灌洗,4例出现吻合口瘘,其中2例出现感染性休克,死于多器官功能衰竭;二期手术组2例行结肠造口,二期吻合。统计显示术中肠道灌洗一期肠切除吻合组并发症发生率和死亡率明显低于未行结肠灌洗组,差异有统计学意义。结论左半结肠癌性梗阻术中肠道灌洗一期切除吻合对提高病人生存率,减少并发症发生有重要意义。     

Application of a new-type sutureless anastomosis stent to the primary reconstruction of the bilioenteric continuity after acute bile duct injury in dogs

Objective： To evaluate the effect of a new-type sutureless magnetic bilioenteric anastomosis stent that was used to reconstruct the bilioenteric continuity （primarily under the circumstances of severe inflammation after acute bile duct injury in dogs ）. Methods： Establishing an animal model of acute bile duct injury with severe inflammation and bile peritonitis in dogs. The newtype sutureless magnetic bilioenteric anastomosis stent was used to reconstruct the bilioenteric continuity primarily. Results： The experiment group anastomosis healed well with a mild local inflammation reaction, and the collagen lined up in order without the occurrence of observable bile leakage and infection. Conclusion： It was safe and feasible to use the new-type anastomosis stent to reconstruct the bilioenteric continuity primarily under the circumstances of severe inflammation after acute bile duct injury in dogs.     

Investigation of long-term implantation of BuMA stent in a porcine coronary model

Background  Stent-based delivery of sirolimus has been shown to reduce neointimal hyperplasia significantly. However, the long-term effect of the polymer is thought to initiate and sustain an inflammatory response and contribute to the occurrence of late complications. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the BuMA biodegradable drug-coated sirolimus-eluting stent (BSES) for inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in a porcine coronary model.

Methods  Four types of stents were implanted at random in different coronary arteries of the same pig: BSES (n=24), bare metal stent (BMS) (n=24), biodegradable polymer coated stent without drug (PCS) (n=24) and only poly (n-butyl methacrylate) base layer coated stent (EGS) (n=23). In total, 26 animals underwent successful random placement of 95 oversized stents in the coronary arteries. Coronary angiography was performed after 28 days, 90 days and 240 days of stent implantation. After 14 days, 28 days, 90 days and 240 days, 6 animals at each timepoint were sacrificed for histomorphologic analysis.

Results  The 28-day, 90-day and 240-day results of quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) showed reduction in luminal loss (LL) in the BSES group when compared with the BMS group;  (0.20±0.35) mm vs. (0.82±0.51) mm (P=0.035), (0.20±0.30) mm vs. (0.93±0.51) mm (P=0.013), and (0.18±0.16) mm vs. (0.19±0.24) mm (P=0.889), respectively. By 28-day, 90-day and 240-day histomorphomeric analysis results, there was also a corresponding significant reduction in neointimal tissue proliferation with similar injury scores of BSES compared with the BMS control; average neointimal area (0.90±0.49) mm² vs. (2.16±1.29) mm² (P=0.049), (1.53±0.84) mm² vs. (3.41±1.55) mm² (P=0.026), and (2.43±0.95) mm² vs. (3.12±1.16) mm² (P=0.228), respectively. High magnification histomorphologic examination revealed similar inflammation scores and endothelialization scores in both the BSES and BMS groups.

Conclusions  The BuMA biodegradable drug-coated sirolimus-eluting stents can significantly reduce neointimal hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis. Re-endothelialization of the BuMA stent is as good as that of the BMS in the porcine coronary model due to the reduced inflammation response to the BuMA stent.

     

结肠S型贮袋在低位直肠癌根治术超低位吻合术中的应用

目的评价老年低位直肠癌前切除结肠S型贮袋一直肠或肛管吻合对改善排便功能的作用。方法将2004年至2007年收治的老年低位直肠癌患者49例随机分为2组，第1组24例，行传统的结肠断端与直肠肛管直接端端吻合（直吻组）；第2组25例，将断端结肠制成5cm的S型贮袋并与直肠或肛管行端侧吻合（袋吻组）。分别于术后1、3、6、9、12、18个月对排便功能进行评估，比较2组的手术并发症和排便功能指标。结果直吻组和袋吻组术后并发症无明显差异，术后6、12个月，袋吻组平均排便次数明显少于直吻组；延缓排便控制能力、失禁综合评分、区分排便排气能力等指标也以袋吻组为优。但术后18个月，2组排便功能已无差别。袋吻组的定性排便控制能力和直肠测压指标均优于直吻组。结论直肠癌低位前切除结肠S型贮袋直肠肛管吻合术不增加手术并发症，在术后第1年内有明显改善老年直肠癌患者排便功能的作用。     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液与5-Fu腹腔化疗对大鼠结肠吻合口愈合影响的对比研究

目的:比较铜绿假单胞菌(PA)注射液与5-Fu腹腔化疗对大鼠结肠吻合口愈合的影响并探讨其机制。方法:将40只SD大鼠随机均分为4组,即模型对照组、铜绿假单胞菌注射液皮下注射组(PA皮下注射组)、PA注射液皮下注射+术中腹腔喷洒组(皮下注射+腹腔喷洒组)、5-Fu腹腔化疗组(5-Fu组),每组10只,均行结肠部分切除再吻合术。术后7 d检测吻合口的破裂压、病理学形态、胶原纤维含量、转化生长因子(TGF-β)及纤维连接蛋白(FN)表达。结果:PA皮下注射组和PA皮下注射+腹腔喷洒组脏器粘连程度与模型对照组大鼠相近,吻合口破裂压、炎性细胞数量、胶原纤维沉积及TGF-β和FN表达显著高于模型对照组和5-Fu组。结论:PA注射液可提高机体免疫状态,增加吻合口炎性细胞数量,促进结肠吻合口早期愈合,降低吻合口漏的发生,而且不会加重粘连程度。     

冠状动脉内药物洗脱支架植入术后冠状静脉窦血中内皮素-1水平的变化

目的: 观察冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架安置术后冠状静脉窦血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)浓度的动态变化,探讨药物洗脱支架对术后再狭窄防治的作用机制.方法:冠心病患者42例,随机植入药物洗脱支架26例,普通支架16例,分别于冠状动脉球囊扩张术(PTCA)前、支架术后即刻、1 h、3 h和6 h自冠状静脉窦采血检测血浆ET-1的浓度.结果:药物洗脱支架组与普通支架组ET-1水平在术后即刻均降至最低点后即开始回升,到1 h时已超过术前水平,以后普通支架组ET-1水平继续升高,出现释放的第二峰.但药物洗脱支架组程度较为缓和,未出现明显的第二峰,2组ET-1水平在术后6 h差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:药物洗脱支架可有效抑制冠状静脉窦血浆ET-1浓度的升高,可能是其防治再狭窄机制之一.     

左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻一期切除吻合的疗效观察

目的探讨结肠灌洗、一期切除吻合治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻的可行性和疗效。方法回顾性分析45例左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻患者的临床资料。结果手术均获得成功，并发切口感染5例，切口裂开1例，经积极保守治疗愈合，无吻合口瘘发生，全组患者均痊愈出院。结论采用结肠灌洗、一期切除吻合的手术方式治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻安全可行，疗效确切。