Pure alumina bearings with cementless stems versus sandwich bearings with cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty

Background  Ceramic bearing surfaces have been introduced to prevent osteolysis after total hip arthroplasty (THA), but little is known about the difference in clinical and radiological results between pure alumina and sandwich alumina bearings. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results obtained with third-generation alumina-on-alumina THA with two different designs both in liner and femoral stem fixation after a minimum follow-up of 4.2 years.

Methods  The results of 195 primary alumina-on-alumina THAs in 167 patients were evaluated. The procedures were performed between January 1998 and October 2006. Three patients died and 11 patients were lost to follow-up, leaving a total of 153 patients (181 hips) available for study. In the 88 group A patients, 107 hips were implanted using pure alumina bearings with cementless femoral stems. These patients were followed for (6.84±1.49) years. In the 65 group B patients, 74 hips were implanted using sandwich alumina ceramic bearings with cemented femoral stems. These patients had a follow-up period of (7.73±1.60) years. Patients in both groups were evaluated clinically and radiographically.

Results  One ceramic liner fracture occurred in group A and five took place in group B (P <0.05), four of them revised for liner fracture. In each group, one acetabular shell migration happened without liner breakage and two hips developed deep infections, and all these six hips received revisions. Nine femoral components loosened in group B, with seven undergoing revisions. Kaplan-Meier survivorship at 5 years for revision of any component for any reason in group A was 96.26% compared to 90.54% in group B (P <0.05). Better function was determined in group A (average Harris hip scores: 92.13±2.85) than in group B (average Harris hip scores: 86.03±4.21) and the difference was significant (P <0.05). Squeaking was not recorded in either group.

Conclusions  The sandwich design of the acetabular bearings can not reduce the migration rate in ceramic bearings but increase the liner fracture rate compared to pure ceramic liners. The high loosening rate in fluted and taped designed cemented stems with sandwich liners warrant caution to their use.

     

Ceramic on Ceramic or Ceramic-on-polyethylene for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Randomized Studies

Background:

Wear debris of polyethylene has become a restraining factor of the durability for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Ceramic on ceramic (COC) has better wear resistance while the squeaking sound and prosthesis fracture are of concern. It is still a controversy that bearing couples are better for THA.

Methods:

We performed a systematic review of all English articles identified from PubMed (1966-), Embase (1980-) and the Cochrane Library. Clinical outcomes, complications, revision rates, and radiographic outcomes of COC-THA and ceramic on polyethylene (COP)-THA were compared and evaluated.

Results:

Eight prospective randomized trials enrolling a total of 1508 patients and 1702 THA surgeries were identified. Our results demonstrated the prosthesis fracture and the squeaking sound is significantly higher in COC group and higher wear rate of the COP. Hip function, loosening rate, dislocation rate, revision rate, and the osteolysis rate were comparable between two groups. According to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system assessment, the strength of evidence was high for prosthesis fracture, dislocation, osteolysis, and moderate for radiolucent line or loosening, hip noise, and revision.

Conclusions:

Up to now, there is insufficient evidence to identify any clinical advantage of COC compared with COP. Longer follow-up of larger randomized trial is needed to clarify the outcomes.     

Clinical value of optimized magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of patients with painful hip arthroplasty

Background The imaging evaluation of pain in patients who have had a hip arthroplasty （HA） is challenging,and traditional imaging techniques,including magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） and computerized tomography （CT）,are limited by metallic artifact.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of modified MRI techniques to visualize periprosthetic soft tissues and the bone-implant interface,and to evaluate the value of MRI for the assessment of patients with painful hip arthroplasty.Methods Fifty-six painful hips in fifty-six patients following primary HA were assessed using optimized MRI,CT and standardized radiographs.The diagnosis of MRI was correlated with intraoperative findings as well as with microbiological and histological examinations （when available）.The sensitivity and the specificity of MRI diagnosis were determined according to final diagnosis.The chi-square test was performed to detect a difference between MRI and final diagnosis.Results Forty-eight patients have received revision surgery and final diagnosis were established.MRI was demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting aseptic loosening （93％ and 95％）,periprosthetic infection （94％ and 97％）,adverse local tissue reaction （100％ and 100％） and periprosthetic fracture （100％ and 100％）.MRI was determined to be the most sensitive technique in detecting implant loosening for any reason,with a sensitivity of 93.8％ for acetabular shell and 97.1％ for femoral stem,compared to 81.3％ and 80.0％ on CT,75.0％ and 77.1％ on radiographs.Conclusions Optimized MRI was effective for the assessment of the periprosthetic soft tissues and bone.The use of modified magnetic resonance imaging parameters provided a useful adjunct to conventional examinations for the evaluation of patients with painful hip arthroplasty.     

氧化铝全陶瓷内衬对陶瓷头界面全髋置换的临床疗效分析

目的 分析第三代氧化铝全陶瓷内衬对陶瓷头界面在初次全髋关节置换术的中期临床疗效.方法 回顾性收集1999年1月至2005年10月135例患者临床资料,共获得有效随访患者119例,共146例髋.其中髋臼侧均为羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层压配固定臼杯,股骨侧123例为非骨水泥HA近端涂层压配固定,23例为锥形光面骨水泥固定,所有假体的头臼界面均为氧化铝陶瓷头对全陶瓷内衬.进行最短时间5年以上,平均(72.9±10.9)个月的随访,对其进行临床和影像学检查评估疗效.结果 髋关节功能Harris评分从术前平均(49.6±7.9)分提高到术后末次随访(91.7±3.0)分(P＜0.05).以翻修作为终点的假体5年生存率为96.6％.1例因髋臼杯移位松动而翻修;1例出现外伤性股骨假体周围骨折,行翻修术;1例患者因轻微外伤后并发陶瓷内衬破损行翻修术;另2例因感染而翻修.此外,16例术中并发股骨侧截骨面皮质劈裂,延迟负重后无假体松动下沉;1例髋术中并发髋臼骨折,行保守治疗后髋臼无松动;2例术后出现脱位,保守治疗成功;2例出现非典型性关节异响,非手术治疗后消失.其余无论是骨水泥或非骨水泥假体,假体髋臼侧和股骨侧均固定稳定,假体周围无骨溶解,假体无明显松动和下沉.结论 第三代氧化铝全陶瓷内衬对陶瓷头界面假体用于初次全髋置换中期临床随访结果满意,但需要避免陶瓷界面特有的并发症,假体使用需要注意良好的临床技术.     

附加钢板在治疗股骨干骨折髓内钉固定后肥大性骨不连中的应用：与更换钢板的比较

Background Augmentation plating has been used successfully to treat hypertrophic non-union after nail fixation.This study compared the efficacy of augmentation plating and exchange plating for treating hypertrophic non-union of femoral shaft fracture after intramedullary nail fixation.Methods A total of 12 patients received augmentation plating and 15 patients received exchange plating as treatment for femoral shaft hypertrophic non-union.The procedures were conducted at our medical centre between January 2005and January 2012.Clinical follow-up was conducted at 2 weeks,1 month and then monthly until union was achieved to compare union time,operation time,bleeding and complications between the two groups.Results All patients underwent follow-up examinations until fracture union was achieved.The average length of followup time after the second treatment was （18.37±3.28） months.The time needed for union was （4.17±0.94） months in the augmentation plating group and （5.33±1.72） months in the exchange plating group.The operation time was （90.00±17.58） minutes in the augmentation plating group and （160.00±25.35） minutes in the exchange plating group.The amount of blood loss during the operation was （270.00±43.32） ml in the augmentation plating group and （530.00±103.65） ml in the exchange plating group.Both groups showed significant difference （P 〈0.05） in their results.No complications were reported after the second operation.Conclusions Augmentation plating after nail fixation could remove local rotation instability,facilitate simple operation,create minimal damage and enable exercise for early functional recovery.Therefore,augmentation plating is excellent for treating hypertrophic non-union after nail fixation in femoral shaft fracture.     

Computer-assisted preoperative planning for proximal humeral fractures by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis

Background Accurate and precise preoperative planning can provide information instrumental for performing less invasive articular fracture surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine that computer-assisted preoperative planning （CAPP） has the potential to improve efficiency and time in the operating room. Methods Sixty-four patients with proximal humeral fractures were treated using locking plates by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis （MIPO） with CAPP. The time needed for virtual segmentation, reduction, and fixation of the fracture fragments were recorded. Intra and interobserver reliabilities were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The clinical function was analyzed using Constant Score and radiology. Results The mean total time required for CAPP of two-part, three-part, and four-part proximal humeral fractures were （13.63±1.38） minutes, （23.14±2.18） minutes, and （39.61±3.01） minutes, respectively. The intra and interobserver reliabilities for all variables were high, ranging from 0.785 to 0.992. The mean operation time was （50.1±6.7） minutes. Fifty- two patients were followed up with an average time of 34.2 months. The mean Constant Score of the injury side was （82.5 ± 9.9）. Three of the fifty-two patients had four complications. Conclusion The application of CAPP was efficient and reliable, and provided excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures by MIPO.     

Microsurgical transverse 2-suture intussusception vasoepididymostomy: effectiveness and rationality

Background 2-Suture longitudinal vasoepididymostomy shows superiority to transverse technique in an animal study; to date, this has not been consistently confirmed in human body. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of 2-suture transverse intussusception vasoepididymostomy and compared the rationality between transverse and longitudinal techniques. Methods From May 2007 to December 2008, we performed 2-suture transverse vasoepididymostomy in 19 consecutive patients, as described by Marmar with modification. Between March 2009 and January 2010, the internal diameter of the vas lumen and the outer diameter of the epididymal tube were measured using microruler （21 patients and 37 sides）. Results Three patients lost to follow-up. At the first follow-up period （ranged from 10 to 24 months）, the patency rate was 56.3% （9/16） and the natural pregnancy rate was 25% （4/16）. At the second follow-up period （ranged from 46 to 63 months）, the patency rate was 68.8% （11/16）, the natural pregnancy rate was 37.5% （6/16）, respectively, and the take- home baby rate was 31.3% （5/16）. The diameter of the vas lumen and the outer diameter of the epididymal tubule were （0.512±0.046） mm and （0.572±0.051） mm （P 〈0.001）, respectively. Conclusion Transverse 2-suture intussusception vasoepididymostomy is still an effective technique in treating obstructive azoospermia.     

人工关节置换术治疗高龄患者创伤性股骨头坏死

目的探讨人工关节置换术治疗高龄患者创伤性股骨头坏死的适应证与临床效果。方法1995年以来，采用人工关节置换术治疗高龄患者创伤性股骨头坏死30例30髋。男8例，女22例，年龄70～85岁，平均74．6岁。骨坏死病史平均0．8（0．5～1）年。均为股骨颈骨折后发生股骨头坏死。其中，股骨颈骨折头下型26髋，经颈型4髋（但骨折线斜向股骨头下）。20例原行切开或闭合复位内固定（钢针或螺钉），18例骨折不愈合，2例骨折愈合，但均于术后0．5～1年发生股骨头坏死。10例为保守治疗或仅卧床休息，于伤后8个月骨折未愈，发生股骨头坏死。患者均有髋部疼痛和功能障碍。采用人工全髋关节置换术12髋，双动人工股骨头18髋。其中，混合型假体6髋，骨水泥型假体置换24髋。结果术后病人疼痛解除，关节功能明显改善。平均随访时间3．5（1～8）年，髋关节Harris评分由术前的平均35分改善为85分。优良率为88．3％。混合型假体和骨水泥型假体中，各发生股骨柄松动下沉1髋。结论高龄患者创伤性股骨头坏死可采用人工全髋关节置换术治疗。     

不同界面全髋关节置换在股骨头无菌性坏死患者中的应用

目的观察陶瓷-陶瓷与金属-聚乙烯材料治疗股骨头无菌性坏死的临床疗效,为全髋关节置换术选择不同关节面材料提供参考。方法选取在我科行全髓关节置换术治疗的45例股骨头无菌性坏死患者进行回顾性分析,按照不同关节面材料分为陶瓷组22例和金属组23例。陶瓷组采用陶瓷一陶瓷（Ceramic-on—ceramic articulation,coc）人工髋关节假体,金属组采用金属-聚乙烯（Metalonhigh—molecular-weight polyethylene articulation,MOP）人工髋关节假体,比较两组患者术后Harris评分、随访期间影像学变化、假体松动等相关并发症。结果所有患者平均随访时间为42个月（36-48个月）,术后均未出现骨折、脱位、感染、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症;两组患者术后患肢活动能力显著改善,髋关节疼痛消失,术后1年Harris评分较术前显著升高（P〈0．05）;金属组部分患者术后3年Harris评分降低,经比较发现,陶瓷组术后3年Harris评分显著高于金属组（P〈0．05）,其术后3年的优良率稍高于金属组,但差异无统计学意义。陶瓷组柄体下沉,吸收性骨反应以及骨假体稳定性显著高于金属组,其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论金属-聚乙烯与陶瓷-陶瓷关节界面术后优良率相似,但陶瓷界面磨损、骨溶解、假体松动发生率较低,应根据患者实际情况选择材料。     

X射线、MRI及SPECT/CT对全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨溶解的诊断效能比较

目的 分析X射线、磁共振成像（MRI）及单光子发射计算机体层摄影（SPECT）/计算机体层成像（CT）对全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨溶解的诊断效能。方法 选取2016年8月—2020年8月苏州大学附属第二医院收治的90例全髋关节置换术后疑似假体周围骨溶解患者。所有患者均接受X射线、MRI及SPECT/CT检查。以翻修术结果为金标准,分析X射线、MRI及SPECT/CT对假体周围骨溶解的诊断效能。结果 翻修术结果显示,70例患者有假体周围骨溶解,其余20例患者中无菌性松动13例,感觉障碍4例,假体周围骨折3例。X射线、MRI、SPECT/CT及联合诊断假体周围骨溶解与金标准的一致性分别为0.585、0.686、0.842、0.906。SPECT/CT诊断的敏感性（95.71%）及准确性（94.44%）均高于X射线与MRI（P <0.05）;联合诊断的敏感性（98.57%）及准确性（97.78%）高于X射线与MRI（P <0.05）。4种诊断效能从高至低依次为联合诊断、SPECT/CT、MRI、X射线。结论 X射线、MRI及SPECT/CT对全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨溶解有一定的诊断效能,SPECT/CT的敏感性、准确性最高,联合诊断可提高诊断效能,临床可根据实际情况合理选择诊断方式。     

Clinical results and intramedullary signal changes of posterior decompression with transforaminal interbody fusion for thoracic myelopathy caused by combined ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum

Background Surgical treatment of thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament （OPLL） and ossification of the ligamentum flavum （OLF） is technically demanding, and the results tend to be unfavorable. Various operative approaches and treatment strategies have been attempted, and posterior decompression with transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion （PTTIF） may be the optimal method with which the anterior-posterior compression was removed in one step. It is comparatively less traumatic with fewer serious complications.     

Clinical features and outcomes of 210 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） is a lethal chronic interstitial lung disease （ILD） of unknown cause and having a variable and unpredictable course.This study aimed to summarize the clinical features and follow-up outcomes and to identify potential factors useful for the assessment of prognosis in IPF.Methods Two hundred and ten patients hospitalized and diagnosed as IPF in our unit from January 1999 to June 2007 were enrolled into this study.The baseline demographic,clinical,radiologic and physiologic characteristics were summarized.Clinical follow-up data until February 2010 were collected,and the median survival time and 1-,2-,and 5-year survival rates,as well as the influences of the summarized baseline variables on the prognosis were analyzed.Results The age at diagnosis as IPF was （64±10） years,the duration before diagnosis of 106 patients （50％） was shorter than 2 years,and 73％ were males.One hundred and forty-five patients （69％） had a history of smoking with a median pack-year of 18.Eighty-nine patients （42％） had emphysema and 62 patients （29％） pulmonary arterial hypertension （PAH）.One hundred and twenty-four patients were followed up,of which 99 patients died from various causes including respiratory failure related to IPF （93％）.The follow-up period was （21±23） months.The median survival time was 38months.The 1-,2-,and 5-year survival rates were 61％,52％,and 39％,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed clubbing,PAH,duration from initial onset to diagnosis,and forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1）/forced vital capacity （FVC） were independent prognostic indicators of IPF.Conclusion IPF patients who have clubbing,PAH,a higher FEVJFVC,and a short duration from initial onset to diagnosis have a poorer outcome.     

Effect of superior retinacular artery damage on osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head （ONFH） is the result of dysfunctional blood supply, but associations between specific damaged arteries, imaging changes and clinical sign require more understanding. We investigated characteristics of ONFH that pertain to blood supply, imaging appearance, and clinical feature to judge the prognosis of ONFH.     

Pulmonary vein antrum isolation of pre-excited atrial fibrillation

Background Pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI) of pre-excited atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial. This study aimed to observe the therapeutic effects of PVAI on pre-excited AF.

Methods Twenty-nine patients with pre-excited AF were prospectively divided into a PVAI group (group I, 19 cases) and a control group (group II, 10 cases). To each case in group I, PVAI was performed, and then electroanatomical mapping of accessory pathways (AP) and ablation were constructed on a three-dimensional (3D) map of the valve annulus. Only AP ablation was performed in each case of group II.

Results Of the 29 cases, three were found to have dual APs, two had intermittent APs, and the remaining 24 had single APs. All APs were successfully ablated after the procedure. There were no significant statistical differences in the AP procedure duration ((77.4±21.3) minutes vs. (85.3±13.1) minutes), the AP ablation time ((204±34) seconds vs. (223±62) seconds) and the AP X-ray exposure time ((18.6±4.4) minutes vs. (19.1±4.5) minutes) respectively between groups I and II. As compared with the control group (5 of 10 cases, 50%), the PVAI group had a significantly lower AF recurrence rate (2 of 19 cases, 11%; P <0.05) during follow-up of (20.5±10.0) months. All seven patients who recurred were successfully abolished by a second ablation.

Conclusions In patients with pre-excited AF, PVAI is an effective therapeutic approach with a low AF recurrence rate. 3D electroanatomical maps of AP contributed to the high success rate of ablation without significantly prolonging of operational duration and X-ray exposure time.

     

Kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty for the treatment of malignant vertebral compression fractures caused by metastases: a retrospective study

Background There are few comparative studies regarding kyphoplasty (KP) and vertebroplasty (VP) for the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures (VCF) in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively compare KP with VP in pain improvement, cement leakage incidence, and the cost of treatment of malignant VCF.

Methods We performed a retrospective study of clinical data for 80 patients with multiple spinal metastases, treated with KP in 42 cases and VP in 38. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were collected pre-operatively, post-operatively, at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Cement leakage was identified using fluoroscopy and CT scan. Total cost per patient was also collected.

Results There was a significant difference between the pre- and post-operative VAS scores (7.4±2.0 to 3.8±1.6, P <0.001 in the KP group; 6.7±2.4 to 3.7±1.4, P <0.001 in the VP group), and was maintained at 1-year follow-up (3.2±1.4 in the KP group, 3.1±1.3 in the VP group). However, the difference in VAS score between these two groups was insignificant at baseline and every follow-up assessment post-operatively (P >0.05). The incidence of cement leakage in the KP group was lower than that of the VP group (16.9% (14/83) vs 30.3% (23/76), P <0.05). However, none of the patients developed any symptoms. The length of postoperative hospital stay in the VP group was shorter than that of the KP group ((2.4±1.3) vs (5.3±1.9) days, P <0.05). Total hospital cost in the KP group was much higher than that of the VP group (RMB Yuan 8 492±3 332 vs RMB Yuan 3 173±1 341, P <0.01).

Conclusions VP and KP are both effective in providing pain relief for patients with cancer-related VCF. KP provides no greater degree of pain improvement. KP is associated with a lower rate of cement leakage compared with VP. VP is associated with lower cost and shorter postoperative hospital stay in China.

     

Nine-month angiographic and two-year clinical follow-up of polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent versus durable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for coronary artery disease: the Nano randomized trial

Background First generation drug-eluting stents （DES） were associated with a high incidence of late stent thrombosis （ST）,mainly due to delayed healing and re-endothelization by the durable polymer coating.This study sought to assess the safety and efficacy of the Nano polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent （SES） in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions.Methods The Nano trial is the first randomized trial designed to compare the safety and efficacy of the Nano polymer-free SES and Partner durable-polymer SES （Lepu Medical Technology,Beijing,China） in the treatment of patients with de novo native coronary lesions.The primary endpoint was in-stent late lumen loss （LLL） at 9-month follow-up.The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events （MACE）,a composite of cardiac death,myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization.Results A total of 291 patients （Nano group：n=143,Partner group：n=148） were enrolled in this trial from 19 Chinese centers.The Nano polymer-free SES was non-inferior to the Partner durable-polymer DES at the primary endpoint of 9 months （P 〈0.001）.The 9-month in-segment LLL of the polymer-free Nano SES was comparable to the Partner SES （0.34±0.42） mm vs.（0.30±0.48） mm,P=0.21）.The incidence of MACE in the Nano group were 7.6% compared to the Partner group of 5.9% （P=0.75） at 2 years follow-up.The frequency of cardiac death and stent thrombosis was low for both Nano and Partner SES （0.8% vs.0.7%,0.8% vs.1.5%,both P=1.00）.Conclusions In this multicenter randomized Nano trial,the Nano polymer-free SES showed similar safety and efficacy compared with the Partner SES in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions.Trials in patients with complex lesions and longer term follow-up are necessary to confirm the clinical performance of this novel Nano polymer-free SES.     

Incidence and risk factors analysis of heterotopic ossification after cervical disc replacement

Background Cervical disc replacement （CDR） as a substitute for traditional fusion surgery has been widely used in treating degenerative cervical disc diseases.The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical and radiological findings for patients with heterotopic ossification （HO） following CDR and to detect the risk factors of HO after CDR.Methods A total of 125 patients with symptomatic cervical single-or double-level disc diseases,who underwent CDR procedure with Discover prosthesis in Department of Spine Surgery,Changzheng Orthopedics Hospital from March 2009 to March 2011,were enrolled in this retrospective study.Occurrence of HO was defined by the McAfee classification on cervical lateral X-rays in this study.Prosthesis vertebral ratio （PVR） was used to determine the matching degree between the cervical disc prosthesis and cervical vertebra.Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors of HO.Variables evaluated for their association with HO occurrence included age,gender,high-intensity signal in spinal cord,preoperative range of motion （ROM）,postoperative ROM,operation level number,and PVR.Results Mean follow-up time was （26.4±5.8） months.All the patients had significant symptoms and neurological function improvements during the follow-up period.The ROM of the operated segment from the preoperative period to the last follow-up was relatively well maintained.The rate of HO in this cohort of patients,who underwent Discover disc,was 27.92％ per surgical level and 24.8％ per patient by the last follow-up.There were 19 patients （19.79％） with HO in the single-level group while 12 patients （41.38％） in the double-level group.Conclusions We identified preoperative high-intensity signal in spinal cord,postoperative ROM of surgical level,number of operation level,and PVR as significant risk factors for postoperative HO occurrence.     

Systematic reviews on reports of hip fractures in Web of Science: a bibliometric analysis of publication activity

Background The objective of this study was to analyze the trend in the publication of systematic reviews on hip fractures through a bibliometric approach.Methods Literature including systematic reviews or meta-analyses on hip fractures was searched from the ISI Web of Science citation database.The search results were analyzed in terms of geographical authorship and frequency of citation by country,institution,author,and periodical distribution.Results A total of 654 published systematic reviews from 1995 to 2013 in 48 countries or regions were retrieved.The United States （171） was the predominant country in terms of the number of total publications,followed by the United Kingdom （149）,Canada （120）,Australia （76）,and China （54）.The number of systematic reviews significantly increased during the last 6 years,especially in China.The production ranking changed in 2012,at which time the United States and China were the leaders in the yearly production of systematic reviews on hip fractures.The amount of literature （27 publications） from China contributed almost one-quarter of the total literature （109 publications） in 2012.However,the average number of citations of each article from China was still low （6.70）,while the highest number of citations of each article was from Sweden （193.36）.The references were published in 239 different journals,with 15 journals contributing to 41.3％ of the systematic reviews on hip fractures.The two journals that contributed the most were Osteoporosis International （10.6％） and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews （7.6％）.The predominant institution in terms of the number of publications was McMaster University （36） in Canada.Conclusions The best evidence in the field of hip fractures has attracted increasing attention.Systematic reviews on hip fractures from China have been increasingly more frequent during the past 6 years,particularly in 2012.     

术中实时三维计算机导航辅助置入颈后路C2螺钉的临床应用研究

Background The peculiar and highly variable C2 anatomy can make screw fixation more challenging and prone to potential vertebral artery or neurologic injury. Conventional C-arm fluoroscopy has several drawbacks. The aim of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of posterior C2 screw fixation using intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy- based navigation （ITFN） and assess the perioperative complication rate related to screw placement. Methods A retrospective review identified patients who underwent operative management with C2 instruments using ITFN at our hospital between January 2006 and December 2012. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and final screw positions were graded according to a modified classification of Gertzbein and Robbins. Grade A and B screws were considered well positioned. Results The study included 99 patients （53 males and 46 females） who underwent posterior C2 screw fixation using ITFN. The mean Japan Orthopedic Association score improved from （6.7±1.9） points before surgery to （12.5±2.7） points at 6-month follow-up （z= ＋8.628, P 〈0.01）. The mean visual analogue scale improved from （4.1±1.2） points before surgery to （0.7±0.9） points at 6-month follow-up, with an improvement of 83.7% （z= 8.638, P 〈 0.01）. Of the 196 screws analyzed using computed tomography and chart review, 126 transarticular, 64 pedicle, and 6 pars screws were placed with 82.5% （104/126）, 89.1% （57/64）, and 100% （6/6） accuracy （grade A）, respectively; 98.5% （193/196） of screws were grade A or B （grade C, 1.5% （3/196））, and no neurologic injuries occurred. In normal C2 cases, 93 transarticulars and 47 pedicles were placed with high accuracy rates of 90.3% （84/93） and 93.6% （44/47） （grade A）, respectively. However, in cases with C2 deformity, 33 transarticular, 17 pedicle, and 6 pars screws were placed with only 60.6% （20/33）, 76.5% （13/17）, and 100% （6/6） accuracy （grade A）, respectively. Conclusion ITFN     

Long term follow up of clinical outcome between patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: Chinese experience

Background The long term outcome of patellar resurfacing in Chinese has not been well described.This study evaluated more than 10-year clinical outcomes and survivorship of patellar resurfacing or nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty.Methods From January 1993 to December 2002,265 patients accepted total knee arthroplasty in Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Among them,226 patients （246 knees） were successfully followed up,with 176 knees for patellar resurfacing and 70 knees for nonresurfacing.The survivorship of total knee arthroplasty between two groups and the hospital for special surgery knee score （HSS）,patellar score,patellar related complication and radiological results were studied at the latest follow-up.Results The HSS knee score increased from 55.9±12.2 preoperatively to 92.0±10.9 postoperatively for patellar resurfacing group and from 56.6±9.9 to 94.2±11.4 for nonresurfacing group after average 11.4-year follow-up.Patellar score increased from 13.93±2.42 preoperatively to 28.33±2.20 for resurfacing group and from 13.55±2.73 to 27.8±2.37 for nonresurfacing group.There was no statistically significant difference for both HSS score,patellar score between the two groups with higher rate of anterior knee pain for nonresurfacing group.Patellar nonresurfacing had higher lateral subluxation than resurfacing group according to radiological evaluation.Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 5.5 fold patellar related complication than patients with osteoarthritis.The 10-year survival rate was not statistically significant different between the two groups （P=0.12）.Conclusions There was no significant difference of long-term clinical outcome and survivorship between patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing.Patellar nonresurfacing can be advisable during primary total knee arthroplasty especially in Chinese patients with osteoarthritis.Selective patellar resurfacing for patients with rheumatoid arthritis can achieve lower patella related complication.