十二指肠损伤的早期诊断与治疗

十二指肠损伤占腹腔内脏器损伤的2．5％～5％，但由于十二指肠的解剖特异性，其损伤术前诊断困难，术后并发症和死亡率均高。我院自2001年6月至2007年4月对12例十二指肠损伤患者采用腹腔冲洗的方法，取得较满意的效果。     

外伤性十二指肠损伤10例

十二指肠损伤是一种常合并周围脏器损伤的严重内伤,约占腹腔脏器损伤的3％～5％[1].十二指肠绝大部分位于腹膜后,位置较深,毗邻关系复杂,生理学上极为重要,一旦损伤术前确诊困难,即使剖腹探查,漏诊率也较高[2],处理上也常较其他脏器的损伤为难.笔者2001年1月- 2011年1月治疗10例外伤性十二指肠损伤患者.现报告如下. 1临床资料 1.1一般资料 本组男7例,女3例;年龄23 ～57岁,平均40岁.致伤原因:高处坠落伤4例,交通伤4例,刀刺伤2例.闭合性损伤8例,开放性损伤2例.受伤至就诊时间0.5～15 h.根据Lucas十二指肠损伤分级:Ⅰ级,十二指肠挫伤,表现为十二指肠壁血肿,但无穿孔和胰腺损伤,本组2例;Ⅱ级,十二指肠破裂,无胰腺损伤,本组6例;Ⅲ级,十二指肠损伤伴轻度胰腺挫裂伤,本组2例.本组球部损伤5例,降部损伤4例,水平部损伤1例.伴后腹膜血肿5例,合并肝破裂伤4例,右肾挫裂伤1例,胰腺损伤2例,脾脏破裂伤1例,胃损伤2例.     

胰胆管肠外引流在十二指肠降部及水平部损伤中的应用

十二指肠损伤是一种严重的腹内脏器损伤，临床相对少见，约占腹部损伤的3％～5％，术后并发症发生率25％～47％，与十二指肠损伤相关死亡率为1.0％～6.6％，处理较为棘手。我院自1992年8月至2002年12月对13例十二指肠破裂患者采用经十二指肠乳头置管，行胰胆管肠外引流胰液、胆汁，配合其他综合治疗措施，取得比较满     

十二指肠损伤的诊断与治疗附23例分析

十二指肠损伤属腹腔脏器严重伤,虽然其在整个腹部创伤中的比例很小(2％左右),但病死率和并发症发生率相当高。由于十二指肠解剖上的复杂性及生理功能上的重要性。使其损伤的处理变得困难。现将我们收治的23例十二指肠损伤的诊断治疗体会报告如下: 1.资料和方法 1.1 性别年龄男性20例,女性3例;年龄16～58岁。     

十二指肠损伤10例诊治体会

十二指肠损伤常合并多器官损伤 ,早期诊断和处理比较棘手 ,手术并发症多 ,病死率高。为此 ,我们总结十二指肠损伤 10例的诊治经验以供同行参考。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　 10例中 ,男 8例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 2 0～ 4 2岁 ,平均 31岁。车祸伤 5例 ,锐器伤 2例 ,撞击伤 3例。损伤部位、程度及合并伤情况按Ｍｏｏｒｅ损伤分级[1] :Ⅰ级 2例 ,Ⅱ级 3例 ,Ⅲ级 4例 ,Ⅳ级 1例。除单纯性十二指肠破裂 2例外 ,余均为多发伤 ,其中颅脑损伤 2例 ,胸部伤 2例 ,腹内脏器损伤 13例 (肝、脾破裂各 1例 ,腹膜后血肿 8例 ,小肠破裂 3例 )。合并创伤性休克 8例…     

外伤性十二指肠破裂6例临床治疗体会

十二指肠损伤机会不多。仅占腹部外伤的3％～5％，但其死亡率却可达10％～24％[2]。如何正确处理十二指肠损伤，对挽救因外伤而致十二指肠破裂患者的生命，具有至关重要的作用，自1985年9月～1996年12月共收治外伤性十二指肠破裂患者6例，其中3例试行十二指肠憩室化手术，初步获得满意效果，兹介绍如下。1临床资料与方法1．1临床资料外伤性十二指肠破裂6例，均为男性，平均年龄21．8岁。上述患者符合下列条件：有外伤史、术中探查确为十二指肠破裂；多为十二指肠降部及横部损伤，有食物、胆汁、胰液污染腹腔。1．2手术方法及术式在6例外伤性…     

十二指肠损伤双管引流法的探讨

十二指肠损伤的发生率较低,文献报道约占腹部外伤的3.7%[1],但因其解剖结构和生理功能的特殊性,常合并其他脏器的损伤,损伤常被漏诊或在手术探杏过程中遗漏.十二指肠损伤的诊断和处理十分困难,术后并发症较高,死亡率高.本院1995年1月～2007年1月共收治十二指肠损伤39例,为了防止术后十二指肠瘘,笔者均采用改良双管引流术取得较好效果.现报告如下.     

26例十二指肠损伤的诊断分类及其术式选择

我院 1984年 8月～ 1998年 8月收治腹部创伤 12 16例 ,其中十二指肠损伤2 6例 ,占 2 .14% ,均经手术治疗。现就十二指肠损伤的诊断分类及术式选择探讨如下。临　床　资　料一、一般资料本组 2 6例 ,男 2 2例 ,女 4例 ;年龄12～ 6 4岁 ,平均 2 9.75岁。闭合伤 2 4例(多为撞击或挤压伤 ) ;开放伤 (刀刺伤 ) 2例。合并其他脏器损伤 2 5例次 ;6例伴有休克。术前明确诊断 2例 ,术前疑为十二指肠损伤 2例。术中确诊 2 5例 ,漏诊 1例。损伤程度分类参照Ｌｕｃａｓ[1 ] 的标准稍加变动。见表 1。结　　果1.十二指肠修补术和 (或 )腹腔引流术共 6例 ,…     

十二指肠损伤41例的诊断和治疗体会

目的探讨十二指肠损伤的早期诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1976年1月—2011年12月收治的41例十二指肠损伤患者的临床资料。结果 38例行手术治疗,17例(44.74%)病人发生术后并发症。围术期死亡5例(病亡率12.2%),其中术中死亡2例,分别为严重颅脑损伤和大血管损伤、凝血功能障碍致多脏器功能衰竭。术后死亡3例,2例为休克无法纠正、并发多脏器功能衰竭而死亡,另1例死于十二指肠瘘并发症。结论早期诊断、及时手术探查和选择合理的手术方式是降低十二指肠损伤病死率的关键。     

超声检查对高原地区腹腔脏器损伤的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨超声检查对高原地区腹腔脏器损伤的诊断价值。方法对86例腹腔脏器损伤者行腹部常规扫查,腰背部扫查,盆腔超声检查。结果超声检查结果与手术诊断对照。实质脏器损伤符合率占89．1％,宫外孕及子宫损伤符合率占68．7％,空腔脏器损伤符合率占50．0％。结论超声检查对实质性脏器破裂有较高的诊断价值,对空腔脏器破裂有一定的应用价值。超声检查能提供可靠诊断依据,为西藏地区腹脏器破裂的首选检查方法。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.