Ruptured anterior cranial fossa aneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula

Arteriovenous malformation of the anterior cranial fossa is a rare entity and it carries a high rupture rate especially when it is associated with a venous aneurysm. In the present case report, we described a previously well gentlemen who presented to us with such arteriovenous malformation and our subsequent management given to the patient. Published work of this unusual pathology were reviewed, and theories of its histopathogenesis, presentation, management plan and prognosis are discussed.      

Surgical treatment for an idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula with a large aneurysm

Interventional embolization is currently the first line treatment for arteriovenous fistulas; however, the efficacy of repeated embolization remains controversial. A case is reported of an idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula with large aneurysmal dilatation treated by surgery following the failure of interventional embolization. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to Ichikawa General Hospital, Japan, with gross hematuria containing many clots. Right renal arteriogram showed an aberrant vessel arising from the main trunk of the renal artery, which was followed by the formation of an aneurysm and rapidly ended in arteriovenous shunting. The aneurysm was approximately 35 mm in size. As interventional embolization had failed, surgical treatment including extracorporeal renal surgery was performed. Postoperative renal angiography revealed excellent renal function and beautiful vascular architecture. Although the indication for surgical treatment of renal vascular disease has decreased owing to the advancement of interventional techniques, there are still some risky cases for which surgical repair should be recommended.     

自体动静脉内瘘并发医源性动脉瘤的原因分析与护理对策

目的探讨自体动静脉内瘘穿刺后并发医源性动脉瘤的原因和护理措施。方法对13例自体动静脉内瘘穿刺后合并动脉瘤的原因进行分析,并根据病情给予相应护理。结果13例中5例给予手术切除,其余8例采取保守治疗,均获得满意效果。结论医源性动脉瘤是因手术方式及长期反复穿刺自体动静脉内瘘造成的严重并发症,关键在于预防,应根据患者内瘘具体情况选择合理的操作方式,加强护理,预防早期动脉瘤,减少并发症发生。     

Bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistulas with an oversize left coronary aneurysm

We experienced an interesting case of bilateral coronary arteriovenous fistulas with coronary aneurysms (50 mm in the left and 10 mm in the right) developed in a 66-year-old woman. The pathological findings of both left and right aneurysms were quite similar. Etiological and surgical considerations about coronary aneurysm based on this case are discussed.     

Idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula demonstrating a huge aneurysm with a high risk of rupture: Report of a case

(Received for publication on June 11, 1997; accepted on Mar. 10, 1998)     

Aortocaval fistula and contained rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting with pelvic venous congestion

This case report describes pelvic venous congestion without associated high-output cardiac failure as an unusual presentation of an aortocaval fistula as a complication of a contained rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Options for caval control and management of perioperative problems unique to this situation are discussed.     

Ruptured supratentorial arteriovenous malformations associated with venous aneurysms

Summary Six patients with ruptured supratentorial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and an associated venous aneurysm (ectasia, dilatation, varix, pouch) are described.At presentation, patients ranged in age from 16 to 61 years and were equally distributed according to sex. Maximal AVM diameter was between 2.5 and 5.0 cm at presentation while the maximal size of the venous aneurysm ranged between 0.75 and 3.0 cm. One patient had multiple venous pouches while 5 patients had a single venous aneurysm. Three patients had a single bleed; 1 patient had 2 bleeds; and 2 patients had 3 bleeds. Hemorrhage around the venous aneurysm was seen in 4 of 5 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. One patient, who suffered 3 bleeds over a several year period, had both an increase in the size of the venous aneurysm as well as enlargement of the AVM. The following features did not appear to influence hemorrhage: AVM size or location; venous aneurysm size or location; age; sex; pattern; location or number of draining veins; or external circulation feeders.These observations suggest that a venous aneurysm may increase the risk of hemorrhage from a supratentorial AVM and may be an ominous feature.     

Portal arteriovenous fistula following partial gastrectomy

An emergency transthoracic transection of the esophagus was performed on a 62 year old man for hematemesis caused by rupture of esophageal varices. Hepatic functional reserve of this patient was classified as Child C. Postoperative celiac arteriography revealed an arteriovenous fistula between a branch of the gastroduodenal artery and a branch of the superior mesenteric vein. He had undergone a partial gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction 15 years earlier. Bleeding from the esophageal varices did not recur, but he subsequently died of liver failure. In some areas of the liver the microscopic changes were similar to those occurring in cirrhosis, but in most areas they resembled those seen in congestive liver fibrosis. This case suggested that portal arteriovenous fistula is an important predisposing cause leading to deterioration of liver function.     

Successful surgical repair of an ilio-iliac arteriovenous fistula associated with a ruptured common iliac artery aneurysm

IntroductionWe describe the case of an 86-year-old man with an ilio-iliac arteriovenous fistula (AVF) resulting from a ruptured aneurysm. This condition rarely occurs, has a high mortality rate, and was successfully treated via surgery.Presentation of caseThe patient presented with a temporary loss of consciousness and left leg edema. A pulsatile abdominal mass with vascular murmur and thrill was detected. Enhanced computed tomography showed abdominal aortic and iliac aneurysms with left common iliac vein occlusion, and the left external iliac vein was easily seen through the AVF. We directly sutured the AVF and performed aneurysmectomy and prosthetic graft replacement. During surgery, placement of occlusive balloon catheters through the AVF minimized intraoperative bleeding. The patient recovered uneventfully, and swelling of the left leg was immediately reduced after surgery.DiscussionAlthough rare, AVFs can be life-threatening, and urgent treatment and intensive care are occasionally needed. Surgical management of AVF requires a definitive preoperative diagnosis and control of venous bleeding during surgery. Fulfilling these major requirements can potentially reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with AVFs. Interestingly, there was no sign of high-output heart failure throughout the treatment course due to compression of the aneurysm and consequent blood flow failure to the left iliac vein.ConclusionUsing the balloon occlusion technique, we were able to minimize blood loss during open repair. Use of multiple imaging modalities facilitates correct preoperative diagnosis and consequently improves surgical outcome.     

Dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as brainstem ischaemia

Summary Dural arteriovenous fistulas presenting with ascending myelopathy are characterised by the presence of an abnormal retrograde drainage through spinal veins. The authors present a case of cranial dural arteriovenous fistula causing brainstem dysfunction secondary to venous hypertension, treated by surgical interruption of the pial venous drainage which resulted in complete clinical and radiological resolution of the brainstem lesion.     

自体动静脉内瘘限流术在高流量内瘘中的应用

目的 回顾性分析近2年单中心高流量自体动静脉内瘘行限流术的原因及限流术的疗效,探讨高流量自体动静脉内瘘有效治疗方法.方法 收集2018年8月至2020年9月在海南省人民医院血液净化中心因高流量自体动静脉内瘘行限流术的23例患者的临床人口学信息、原发病、透析龄、限流术前、术后动静脉内瘘血流量.采用配对t检验分析术前、术后...     

Varicocele complicating spontaneous arteriovenous fistula

We describe herein a rare case of a varicocele complicating spontaneous arteriovenous fistula. A 40‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital in November 2006, complaining of a non‐tender mass in the left scrotum at the age of 15 and thereafter. On examination, his left scrotum revealed a large varicocele, but no manifest superficial thrill was noted. Scrotal ultrasonograpy revealed approximately 7 cm large varicocele. Computed tomography angiography revealed the existence of an arteriovenous fistula between the left testicular artery and the veins of the left pampiniform plexus. We laparoscopically carried out internal spermatic vessels ligation under the diagnosis of a varicocele complicating a spontaneous arteriovenous fistula. The postoperative course was uneventful. At 18 months postoperatively, the varicocele and fistula had not recurred.     

Superior mesenteric arteriovenous fistula: Report of a case and review of the literature

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula of the superior mesenteric vessels is rare, with only 22 cases being documented. We report herein a case of a 63-year-old man with an iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula which developed after a small bowel resection for intestinal tuberculosis. The patient was admitted to our hospital for a gastric ulcer, at which time an ultrasonogram demonstrated cystic dilatation of the superior mesenteric vein, proving to be an arteriovenous fistula of the mesenteric vessels. An angiogram of the superior mesenteric vessels subsequently confirmed this diagnosis and resection of the fistula was performed, followed by an uneventful recovery. Iatrogenic mesenteric arteriovenous fistula with no presenting symptoms, as in our case, is uncommon and surgery performed before the development of associated portal hypertension should achieve good results. A review of the literature follows the report of this case.     

Coronary arteriovenous fistula with annuloaortic ectasia and aortic regurgitation

Cardiac catheterization in a 57-year-old man disclosed a left coronary artery-coronary sinus fistula with annuloaortic ectasia and severe aortic regurgitation. During surgery, the fistula vessel was exposed and clamped before infusing cardioplegic solution for cardiac arrest. The proximal orifice of the fistula was closed directly and the distal orifice doubly ligated. A modified Bentall's procedure was conducted without difficulty. The postoperative course was uneventful.     

A case of postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula

A rare case of a postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula involving the major renal vessels is presented herein. This type of postnephrectomy arteriovenous fistula is very unusual; in fact, since first documented in 1934, only 65 cases have been reported in the world literature, including 2 cases from Japan. Even though postoperative arteriovenous fistulae are rare, one should bear this complication in mind when unknown causes of bruit or heart failure develop following surgery.