脱细胞异体真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植在大面积深度烧伤治疗中的应用

目的探索一种治疗大面积深度烧伤的方法。方法2006年3月至2007年10月,本科收治大面积深度烧伤病人15例,实行早期切削焦痂后采用J-1型脱细胞异体真皮基质覆盖手术创面,并在术后分期自体植皮。结果皮片成活良好,经随访6～18个月,无排斥反应,植皮区光滑平整,色泽及弹性良好,瘢痕增生反应轻。结论脱细胞异体真皮与自体皮复合移植是治疗深度烧伤的一种比较理想的方法。     

四肢深度烧伤早期切削痂延期植皮

目的：探讨四肢深度烧伤切削痂植皮的方法，进一步提高手术疗效。方法：1994年以来对36例四肢深度烧伤实行早期切削痂异种皮覆盖手术，并在术后2～3d延期自体植皮。结果：36例早期切削痂延期植皮均获得成功，无一例发生并发症。结论：早期切削痂延期植皮是提高手术成功率，减少并发症的一种理想手术方法。     

癫痫发作并深度烧伤的临床治疗体会

目的：探讨癫痫发作并深度烧伤的临床治疗方法。方法：对本组14例患者在癫痫症状控制下，进行早期积极的烧伤创面切痴植皮手术或皮瓣移植手术，结果：癫痫症状均得到良好控制，9例全身性发作和3例部分性发作患者均无再发作，2例全身性发作次数减少.烧伤创面13例行切痴后植皮或异体皮覆盖后再行自体皮取植术．3例经皮瓣移植修复，4例行手术截指（趾），1例行肉芽创面植皮；术后3～12个月随访功能恢复艮好结论：在癫痫症状控制下．早期积极地进行烧伤创面切痂植皮手术或皮瓣移植手术，临床治疗效果较好，是癫痫发作所致深度烧．伤较理想的治疗方法     

癫痫发作并深度烧伤的临床治疗体会

目的:探讨癫痫发作并深度烧伤的临床治疗方法。方法:对本组14例患者在癫痫症状控制下,进行早期积极的烧伤创面切痂植皮手术或皮瓣移植手术。结果:癫痫症状均得到良好控制,9例全身性发作和3例部分性发作患者均无再发作,2例全身性发作次数减少。烧伤创面13例行切痂后植皮或异体皮覆盖后再行自体皮取植术,3例经皮瓣移植修复,4例行手术截指(趾),1例行肉芽创面植皮;术后3～12个月随访功能恢复良好。结论:在癫痫症状控制下,早期积极地进行烧伤创面切痂植皮手术或皮瓣移植手术临床治疗效果较好,是癫痫发作所致深度烧伤较理想的治疗方法。     

甘油保存异体皮在特重化学烧伤创面的应用

目的：探讨甘油保存异体皮在特大面积深度化学烧伤治疗中的应用。方法：回顾分析8例特大面积三乙基铝所致的深度烧伤，应用甘油保存异体皮覆盖创面的临床资料。其中7例患者在同一天内收治，8例均为男性．年龄19～46岁,平均年龄为29．25岁，创面面积80％～97％，平均为90％，其中Ⅲ度面积在50％～95％，平均为55．63％。其中7例伴吸入性损伤，行气管切开术，6例行呼吸机辅助通气。患者均在急诊室行补液、输血等支持治疗，彻底清创，行焦痂切开减压术，创面予SD—Ag外敷，并均在3～7d内分别分次行切痂术并采用甘油保存异体皮(GPA)覆盖创面，然后有计划地分别分次行自体皮片移植取代甘油保存异体皮，采用邮票植皮法和异体皮打洞自体皮嵌入移植法。切痂次数为2～3次，平均2．5次，植皮数为2～10次，平均7．2次。供皮区均为头皮，取皮次数为2～10次，平均7．2次。结果：2例因呼吸系统严重灼伤而分别于伤后13d和28d死于呼吸系统并发症，其Ⅲ度创面分别为30％和60％，死时的创面覆盖率分别为100％和80％。其余6例2个月后创面基本为自体皮片所覆盖，皮片愈合良好，皮片存活率约70％～90％，平均80％。头皮愈合良好。结论：甘油保存异体皮是大面积深度化学烧伤创面一种较好的临时覆盖物，它可以改善创面血供条件，为自体皮片移植做准备，提高自体皮片移植的存活率，为大面积深度化学烧伤的治疗赢得了时间，提高了救治成功率。     

新鲜条状猪皮覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤的临床观察

大面积深度烧伤后早期切(削)痂植皮、尽早修复创面是整个救治过程中的重要环节。自体皮源不足是大面积深度烧伤创面修复所面临的关键性难题,由于微粒皮移植技术的运用大大节省了自体皮源,而成为大面积深度烧伤创面修复的有效方法之一。但经典的微粒皮移植术需以大张的同种异体皮肤为覆盖物,因异体皮来源困难且价格昂贵使该法广泛运用受到限制,尤其在基层医疗单位开展困难,2 0 0 0 - 0 9～2 0 0 3- 0 9间,笔者采用喷洒法皮粒播植术[1] ,并以自制新鲜条状猪皮作为创面覆盖物治疗大面积深度烧伤患者8例,取得良好效果,报道如下。1　资料与方法1 …     

老年人烧伤临床治疗观察

目的：探讨与掌握老年烧伤病人的发病规律，提高老年烧伤患者的存活质量。方法：本组资料共108例，对深度烧伤采用早期切削痂移植自、异体皮28例；晚期肉芽组织创面植皮15例；对吸入性损伤18例，行气管切开13例。结果：手术治疗43例，死亡2例，占手术组4．4％；非手术治疗65例，死亡14例，占非手术组21％。手术组与非手术组治愈率存在明显差异。结论：在掌握好手术时机的情况下，对老年性深度烧伤行早期切削痂手术及营养支持，老年烧伤患者的存活质量及伤残率可得到有效改善。     

大面积烧伤患者的手术配合及护理体会

在治疗大面积烧伤患者的过程中，对创面实施植皮手术是一种重要的治疗手段，在早期可行切削痂异种皮覆盖术，二期可行自体皮移植术，但大面积烧伤患者手术区域大，时间长，危险系数高，且各项监护措施受到影响。因此，在实施植皮手术过程中，手术室护士不但要密切观察患者的病情变化，还要与手术医生默契配合，以缩短手术时间，降低危险系数，保证术中安全。本科自2004年1月～2006年1月，共进行了186例大面积烧伤植皮手术，将术中配合及护理体会总结如下。     

应用异体甘油保存皮与自体微粒皮复合移植治疗大面积深度烧伤

目的 寻找深度大面积烧伤的早期治疗方法。方法 大面积深度烧伤于4～5天即行切痂，以异体甘油皮为支架，将有限的自体皮制作成微粒皮后均匀地复合植于创面。结果 对8例共14个肢体2个躯干进行早期切痂后异体甘油皮＋自体微粒皮的复合移植，成活后的创面平坦、外观平整、颜色淡红或近似正常皮肤，触软、收缩少。结论 异体甘油保存皮＋自体微粒皮复合移植是大面积深度烧伤较理想的治疗方法。     

Meek微型皮片移植修复大面积深度烧伤

背景：Meek植皮法是近5年来引进并陆续在国内多家医院采用的一项创面修复的新技术。目的：观察Meek微型皮片移植修复在大面积深度烧伤患者皮肤缺损的效果。方法：对16例大面积深度烧伤创面患者,采用早期切（削）痂后及晚期肉芽创面Meek植皮法植皮,其中6例选取Ⅲ度烧伤面积30%左右患者同一个体行相同面积Meek微型皮片植皮法,和自体小邮票植皮作为对照。结果与结论：采用Meek微型皮片植皮法皮片成活率65%～95%,创面愈合时间21～65d。Meek微型皮片与自体邮票植皮相比缩短了手术时间,节省了皮源,创面愈合后瘢痕平整,挛缩率低,关节功能恢复良好。     

不全灭活的密孔皮灌注皮浆悬浊液植皮临床应用

目的:探讨低活力密孔皮灌注皮浆悬浊液植皮法的可行性。方法:密集打孔后的异体皮植入Ⅲ度烧伤切痴后创面,自体薄皮剪皮浆以生理盐水调成悬浊液分区高压快速注入异体皮下,抗生素盐水纱包扎,同一病人其他部位用传统微粒植皮作对照。结:7病人植皮全部成活,5例获得3个月到1年随访,皮肤弹性及色泽好,瘫痕轻、耐磨,愈合质量优于几对照部位创面。结论:应用活力密孔皮灌注皮浆悬浊液植皮法,其近期疗效明显优于几传统微粒植皮法,远期效果及异体真皮存活的病理标记仍在随诊实中。     

深Ⅱ度烧伤创面磨痂治疗后残留皮肤组织中表皮干细胞标记物角化蛋白19的表达

背景:大面积烧伤往往需要削痂清除痂皮,但削痂手术往往会导致人为因素除去过多的残留再生皮肤组织.目的:观察磨痂治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面对残留皮肤组织中表皮干细胞标记物角化蛋白19表达的影响.设计、时间及地点:随机分组对比观察,于2002-10/2004-01在广西医科大学完成.对象:烧伤整形外热烧伤科患者40例,年龄18～37岁,平均烧伤面积为15%～45%,深Ⅱ度烧伤面积为15%～30%.随机分组方法分为磨痂组(n=20)、削痂组(n=20).方法:磨痂组采用电动磨痂仪对创面进行磨痂,由浅入深磨去坏死组织,至创面基底呈现红色充血,有珠状的小出血点为止.削痂组采用滚轴削痂刀对创面进行削痂,削至创面基底呈瓷白色、组织致密,湿润面有光泽,无网状血管栓塞和呈灰暗棕色的无光泽组织,放松止血带后可见密集点状出血较均匀,但有时因操作原因削痂过深,基底露出脂肪组织.两组创面术后用辐照猪皮覆盖.主要观察指标:取术前、术后小块创面组织以免疫组织化学SP法检测标皮肤再生组织中标记物角化蛋白19的表达,在100倍光学显微镜下,任意选取5个视野计数细胞团的表达数;观察两组创面愈合时间,记录超过4周不愈合的肉芽创面,需要再次手术植皮修复创面.结果;磨痂保留了较多的真皮组织,毛囊,汗腺,皮脂腺等皮肤附件.削痂后创面基底组织有薄层网状组织残田及部分毛囊及汗腺,有些标本视野中可见无真皮组织,为脂肪组织.细胞团的表达数比较结果显示,两组前及术后创面均有创面残留皮肤组织中标记物角化蛋自19表达,磨痂组术前、术后数量无明显变化(P>0.05),削痂组术后较术前数量减少(P<0.05);磨痂组创面较削痂组提前愈合(P<0.05).需要手术植皮创面磨痂组2处,削痂组8处(P<0.05).结论:应用磨痂术治疗烧伤深Ⅱ度创面能有效掌握磨痂深度,对组织损伤小,与削痂比较保留更多的再生皮肤组织,通过表皮干细胞的再生,利于创面再上皮修复,缩短创面愈合时间.     

脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物的微粒皮移植修复大面积深度烧伤创面

背景：目前用作微粒皮的覆盖物除异体皮外包括猪皮、羊皮、自体焦痂、凡士林油纱布等,由于猪皮皮肤结构与人体相近似,价廉易得,是目前使用较为广泛的微粒皮覆盖物。目的：观察脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物的微粒皮移植术运用于大面积深度烧伤治疗中的临床效果。方法：对15例大面积深度烧伤患者采用早期切（削）痂术或肉芽创面清创后,行自体微粒皮移植、以脱细胞猪皮为覆盖物,移植后观察覆盖物脱落以及创面修复情况进行回顾性分析。结果与结论：术后脱细胞猪皮与创面粘贴良好,术后5～7d首次换药见脱细胞猪皮呈黄褐色或紫黑色,脱水干燥,猪皮下偶有少量积液,开窗引流后猪皮未溶解脱落;三至四周脱细胞猪皮干燥坏死、与创面逐步分离,猪皮脱落后创面完全愈合,鲜有创面裸露,创面愈合后瘢痕较轻,外观及弹性可。提示,脱细胞猪皮可替代大张异体皮成为微粒皮移植术的理想覆盖物,可使大面积深度烧伤创面修复达到较为理想的效果。     

Long hair, smoking, and deep facial burns.

The purpose of this article is to describe deep facial burn injuries by cigarette lighters in longhaired adults and to report our experience in their treatment. Eight consecutive cigarette lighter burn victims are treated in the Helsinki Burn Center in the year 2006. Seven of the patients were women; their mean age was 50 years. All were under the influence of alcohol at the time of injury. The mean burnt area was 3.5% TBSA. The burnt areas were primarily forehead, cheek, and ipsilateral ear. After a conservative treatment, all the patients underwent an operation, whereby the nonhealing burns were excised and covered with autologous split thickness skin grafts. Postoperative period was uneventful in all the patients. Besides having severe detrimental effects on general health status and wound healing, smoking is the leading cause of residential and total fire deaths worldwide. The patients in this article suffered deep facial burns because of cigarette lighters.     

Microskin graft on contracture deformity of scar after extensive deep burn

Background:Contracture deformity of scar in late stage of extensive deep burn often neded repeated surgical platics and no fitful auto-skin of lacking were the common problems in clinic.Objective:To explore the effects of microskin graft on contracture deformity of scar after extensive deep burn.Unit:150th Hospital of PLA.Subjects:7 cases,23 locations of contracutre of scar were investigated including 3 males and 4 females,aged 14-46(mean:30)years old.Burn area was 76%-96% TBSA,with deep second degress over 65% and third degree over 90%. Operation regions:neck region,3 locatons,auxillary region,6 locations,elbow region,5 locations.wrist region,2 locations,popliteal fossa region,7 locations.Surgical opportunity:5 months-3 years after healing of wound surface.Source of heterogenous skin:Preserved with liquid nitrogen ,1 case:Fresh heterogenous skin,2 cases;From directly-related families,4 cases.Intervention:Adhesion was relaxed completely from contracture region to deep fascia at articular regions of limbs to achieve maximal degree of flexing and extending with no tension at edges of incision.If contracture of muscle and tendon affecting extending of joints was observed,muscle tendon might be pro longed.Exposing muscle tendon,nerve,vessels might be covered with peripheral tissues.Scars at neck,auxillary region must be removed or relaxed completely to restore function to normal or near to normal.Hemostasis must be complete.According to the ration of areas of providing and accepted skin,1 tp 6-8,intermediate thickness auto-skin was incised with rolling dermatome and clipped into 1 mm^2 of microskin that was sprinkled evenly on fitfully clipped heteropenous dermis.Heterogenous skin with mincroskin was grafted on wound surface,sutured,fixed and bandaged compressively with thick dressing.Neck,madnible,and auxillary region were bandaged with packaged and compressively and fixed with plaster support.After healing of graft wound surface,locak region must be compressed with elastic cover for 6-8 months and function exercises were taken to prevent hypertrophy of scar and second contracture.Resulty:Dressings were changed 7-8 days after operation,auto-skin was observed good,black blotch appeared in part of au toskin at about 3 weeks,fused into flat and sepaated.Auto-skin existed for a longer time and separated successively until wound surface was covereb by microskin in 16 locations,residual wound surface after heterogenous skin seperated in 7 locations healed after dressing was changed.After 1-3 years of follow-up,grafted skin was neat with mild scar,smooth surface and articular moving function and apperance were satisfying thwat was familiar to the effects of free lafge skin graft.Conclusiong:Microskin graft on deformity of joint and functional part was an effective method.     

Immunoprotective role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in engraftment of allogenic skin substitute in wound healing

Delayed wound healing can significantly impact survival of patients who suffer from severe thermal injury. In general, the use of a wound coverage, particularly with those of bilayer skin substitute, would be ideal to promote healing and prevent infection and fluid loss. Although the use of an autologous skin substitute is desirable, its preparation is time consuming and its immediate availability is impossible. To overcome this difficulty, the authors have previously demonstrated that the expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) could function as a local immune suppressive factor in protecting allogenic fibroblasts and keratinocytes without using any immunosuppressive medication in a wound healing animal model. IDO, which is naturally expressed in the placenta by trophoblast cells during pregnancy, plays an essential role in maternal tolerance toward the fetus. The potent and selective local immunosuppressive function of IDO makes this enzyme a very promising tool for engineering a nonrejectable skin allograft. Here, the authors reviewed and discussed how the expression of IDO by the primary cells of our skin substitute can serve as a source of IDO enzyme activity and generate a tryptophan-deficient environment. Under this condition, only skin cells but not immune cells (CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells) would survive and protect engraftment of this engineered and shelf-ready skin substitute to be used not only as wound coverage but also as a rich source of wound healing promoting factors. Therefore, this review summarizes the body of work on immunoprotective role of IDO in engraftment of allogenic skin substitute in wound healing, which has recently been reported by the authors' research group and others.     

应用负压封闭引流技术治疗四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤的探析

目的探讨应用负压封闭引流技术（Vacaumsealingdrainage,VSD）治疗四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤的临床效果。方法2009．01—2011-06苏州大学附属第一医院应用负压封闭引流技术治疗四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤患者16例,采用保留有血运的撕脱皮瓣,切除无血运部分及挫伤较严重的撕脱皮肤,将其用鼓式取皮机切取成中厚皮片,在皮片上打孔后覆盖于创面,然后用VSD材料（商品名维斯第）覆盖在皮片上,持续负压吸引（维持负压在-300--450mmHg之间）,5～7d后,拆除VSD材料,观察皮片成活情况,加压包扎7d后拆线。结果16例患者中10例皮片全部存活,创面全部愈合,6例皮片大部分成活,伴有局限性皮片坏死,较散在,经换药后创面全部愈合。术后随访3～6个月,皮片成活,周边有轻度瘢痕增生,功能恢复满意。结论应用负压封闭引流技术治疗四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤是一种简便、有效的修复四肢大面积皮肤撕脱伤的治疗方法,值得临床推广应用。     

The 1999 clinical research award. Cultured skin substitutes combined with Integra Artificial Skin to replace native skin autograft and allograft for the closure of excised full-thickness burns

Prompt and permanent closure of excised full-thickness burns remains a critical factor in a patient's recovery from massive burn injuries. Hypothetically, Integra Artificial Skin (Integra) may replace the need for allografts for immediate wound coverage, and cultured skin substitutes (CSS) that contain stratified epithelium may replace the need for autografts for definitive wound closure. To test this hypothesis, 3 patients with full-thickness burns of greater than 60% of their total body surface areas had their eschar excised within 14 days of admission. Integra was applied, and a skin biopsy was collected from each patient for the preparation of CSS. At 3 weeks or more after the application of the Integra and the collection of skin biopsies, the outer silastic cover of the Integra was removed and CSS were grafted. The CSS were irrigated with nutrients and antimicrobials for 6 days and then dressed with antimicrobial ointment and cotton gauze. Treated wounds were traced on days 14 and 28 after the grafting of CSS for determination of engraftment and wound closure, respectively. Cost analysis was not performed. Engraftment on postoperative day (POD) 14 was 98%+/-1% (mean +/- standard error of the mean), the ratio of closed:donor areas on POD 28 was 52.3+/-5.2, and no treated sites required regrafting. The histology of the closed wounds showed stable epithelium that covered a layer of newly formed fibrovascular tissue above the reticulated structure of the degrading Integra. The clinical outcomes of the closed wounds after POD 28 demonstrated smooth, pliable, and hypopigmented skin. Two patients who had received CSS grafts over Integra on their backs were positioned supine on air beds from POD 8 or POD 9 with minimal graft loss because of mechanical loading. One patient with a full-thickness burn of 88% of the total body surface area was covered definitively at 55 days postburn. These results demonstrate that the combination of CSS and Integra can accomplish functionally stable and cosmetically acceptable wound closure in patients with extensive full-thickness burns. This combination of alternatives to the conventional grafting of split-thickness skin permits the substitution of cadaveric allograft with Integra and the substitution of donor autograft with CSS. This approach to the closure of excised full-thickness burns is expected to reduce greatly the time to definitive closure of burn wounds and to reduce the morbidity associated with the harvesting of donor sites for split-thickness skin autografts.     

自体微粒皮移植结合重组人生长激素治疗大面积深度烧伤探讨

目的探讨大面积深度烧伤非功能部位应用白体微粒皮复合移植，术后应用重组人生长激素（rhGH）治疗的优势。方法以异体皮为载体，将自体刃厚皮片制作成微粒皮后均匀地移植于创面，术后结合rhGH治疗，观察烧伤非功能部位创面愈合时间和创面修复质量。结果14例患者创面平均愈合时间为（23．0±5．2）d，其中8例随访2年，移植区皮肤较平整、颜色呈灰褐或淡红色，质软、收缩少。结论大面积深度烧伤非功能部位应用自体微粒皮移植异体皮覆盖结合术后rhGH治疗是一种较理想的治疗方法。     

Point-of-Care Ultrasound as a Tool to Assess Wound Size and Tissue Regeneration after Skin Grafting

Chronic wounds can be difficult to heal and are often accompanied by pain and discomfort. Multiple skin substitutes or cellularized/tissue-based skin products have been used in an attempt to facilitate closure of complex wounds. Allografts from cadaveric sources have been a viable option in achieving such closure. However, early assessment of graft incorporation has been difficult clinically, often with delayed evidence of failure. Visual cues to assess graft integrity have been limited and remain largely superficial at the skin surface. Furthermore, currently used optical imaging techniques can penetrate only a few millimeters deep into tissue. Ultrasound (US) imaging offers a potential solution to address this limitation. This work evaluates the use of US to monitor wound healing and allograft integration. We used a commercially available dual-mode (US and photoacoustic) scanner operating only in US mode. We compared the reported wound size from the clinic with the size measured using US in 45 patients. Two patients from this cohort received an allogenic skin graft and underwent multiple US scans over a 110-d period. All data were processed by two independent analysts; one of them was blinded to the study. We measured change in US intensity and wound contraction as a function of time. Our results revealed a strong correlation (R² = 0.81, p < 0.0001) between clinically and US-measured wound sizes. Wound contraction >91% was seen in both patients after skin grafting. An inverse relationship between wound size and US intensity (R² = 0.77, p < 0 .0001) indicated that the echogenicity of the wound bed increases as healthy cells infiltrate the allograft matrix, regenerating and leading to healthy tissue and re-epithelization. This work indicates that US can be used to measure wound size and visualize tissue regeneration during the healing process.