2001年上海医药产销发展快速

上海市医药工业统计快报显示:2001年度上海医药工业呈现快速发展的趋势。全市累计完成工业1990不变价总产值261.1亿元,比上年同期增长24.9%;现行价工业总产值152.2亿元,同比增长8.5%;工业销售产值完成142.9亿元,同比增长10.4%,产销率达93.9%,出口交货值为9.23亿元。按照现代生物与现代医药工业统计的口径显示:全市累计完成医药工业1990不变价总产值279亿元,同比增长11.6%;现行价工业总产值172亿元,同比下降2.05%;工业销售产值173亿元,同比增长1.65%;其中新产品产值为33.8亿元,出口交货值为21.8亿元。分析2001年上海医药工业的情况,呈现如下…     

外企如何投资中国医药市场

中国医药行业的概况 2003年上半年,中国国民经济总体运行保持了8.2％的增速。医药工业生产始终保持了较快的增长态势。1～6月份,全国医药工业总产值完成1929.86亿元,增速比上年同期提高3.54个百分点,医药工业新产品产值完成220亿元,比上年同期增长31.83％。 医药经济增长的质量和效益继续改善,重点企业盈利保持较高水平。据统计1-6月份,医药工业实现产品销售收入1391亿元,比上年同期增长21.54％。     

2003年上半年我国医药经济保持高速增长

今年上半年,我国国民经济总体运行保持了8.2％的增速,成为近几年同期增长较快的时期之一。虽然经受了“非典”的综合影响,医药工业生产始终保持了较快的增长态势。1-6月份,全国医药工业总产值完成1929.86亿元,按可比价格计算比上年同期增长24.30％,增速比上年同期提高3.54个百分点,医药工业新产品产值完成220亿元,比上年同期增长31.83％。     

特快信息专递

经济运营医药工业销售增长态势减弱2 0 0 4年以来 ,虽然医药经济仍然保持一定增长 ,但销售增长已经略显疲态。2 0 0 3年我国医药工业实现销售收入 2 962亿元 ,比 2 0 0 2年增长 1 9.2 %。然而今年 1～ 4月份 ,医药工业实现销售收入 1 0 3 6.3 3亿元 ,比上年同期增长了 1 5 .2 9     

2006年医药上市公司中期业绩总结

<正> 截至日前,医药类上市公司已全部披露了2006年中期业绩报告。统计数据显示出今年上半年医药上市公司的经营显露出疲弱态势。由于政策的调整,医药行业的销售不免多少受到影响:今年上半年,医药工业总产值增幅为19.5%,比2005年全年26.3%下降了6.8个百分点;113家医药上市公司完成主营业务收入781.00亿元,比上年同期增幅仅为9.68%,明显落后于医药行业工业总产值19.5%的增幅,同时还低于同期我国10.9%的 GDP 增幅;实现利润总额为42.92亿元,同比下降2.1%,增幅落后于医药行业7.7%的利润总额增幅。今年上半年,113家医药上市公司的主营业务利润率为24.21%,比上一年同期下降了2.15个百分点,主营业务利润为189.08亿元,比上年同期仅增长了0.72%。生物药公司上半年主营业务利润率为55.00%,比上年同期大幅增加9.73个百分点,这主要得益于白蛋白等产品在多年低迷后出     

第一篇：国际风云——第二章我国医药产业总览

2002年，全国医药经济总体运行呈现出生产快速增长、销售稳步回升、进出口势头良好、经济效益逐步改善的态势，全年医药工业实现工业总产值3，178亿元，产品销售收入2，464亿元，利润总额219亿元，此上年同期分别增长19．10%、16．12%和22．35%；全年医药行业完成进出口总额为80．82亿美元，比上年同期增长10．79％，其中进口总额为39．62亿美元，此上年同期增长5．36％，出口总额完成41．2亿美元，此上年同期增长16．56％，进出口相抵，出口大于进口1．58亿美元。     

我国医药市场动向分析

1999年上半年,我国医药市场总体走势与宏观经济的运行基本相吻合,呈现出医药工业生产增速稳步提高,商业购销平稳增长、产品结构调整加快、价格水平总体趋降、市场货源继续宽松、流通秩序有所好转的良好局面。医药市场也出现了一些新的动向。1 医药工业产销持续增长 今年以来,医药工业生产增速稳步提高,产销衔接状况较好。据统计,一季度全国医药工业总产值按可比价格计算完成423.90亿元,比上年同期增长24.28％。一季度全国医药工业销售产值完成299.95亿元,比上年同期增长12.80％。     

2006年上半年医药工业经济运行分析

<正> 总体生产态势2006年上半年,我国医药工业累计完成现价生产总值2601.55亿元,比去年同期增长20.07%,增幅同比减少3.04个百分点;其中二季度完成1427.64亿元,同比增长19.13%,比一季度减少0.47个百分点。1～6月,医药工业增加值累计完成986.89亿元,按现价计算比去年同期增长24.59%。6月份当期完成202.20亿元,环比下降10.96%。其中:化学原料药工业累计实现219.93亿元,同比增长16.89%,是各子行业中增幅最小的;化学药品制剂工业实现256.22亿元,增长20.47%;     

2002年上海医药经济业绩

20 0 2年是我国加入ＷＴＯ的第一年 ,上海市医药行业加快调整 ,积极应对国际经济环境和市场竞争的挑战和压力 ,通过加强企业内部管理 ,开发新产品 ,开拓国内国外市场 ,并努力克服药品集中招标、药品降价等各种因素的影响 ,全年医药经济运行总体情况良好 ,经济效益明显好于年初预计。1　全年度医药工业主要指标及完成特点( 1 )医药工业总产值稳中有升 ,各项指标均有增幅 ,但增幅较上年有所下降。 2 0 0 2年全年完成医药工业产值 (不变价 ) 30 9.8亿元 ,同比增长 1 8.1 9% ;工业总产值 (现行价 )1 64.1亿元 ,同比增加 6.4 1 % ,增幅比上年同期…     

2002年上半年度全国重点医药企业经济指标前100位排序情况分析

从国家经贸委获悉,今年上半年医药经济运行整体良好,生产增势明显,效益增长好于上年。全国医药行业按可比价格计算完成工业总产值1535.2亿元,与上年同期相比增长20.8%;实现产品销售收入1144.1亿元,同比增长17.2%;累计实现利润96.6亿元,同比增长25.6%。1全国重点医药企业销售收入和利润完成情况为对医药行业经济形势作进一步的研究分析,根据中国医药工业公司提供的2002年上半年度全国重点企业产品销售收入和利润总额排序表,对排序前100位的重点企业作了统计分析。今年上半年前100位重点企业产品销售收入达354.98亿元,同比增长9.9%,低于全国医…     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

基层医院护士在临床合理用药中的作用

目的充分利用护士在医师和患者间的特殊地位和作用,促进基层临床合理用药。方法从护士的工作性质出发,论述护士参与促进合理用药的方便和优势。结果通过实践,护士在促进合理用药中的作用得到有效发挥,基层合理用药环境得到极大改善。结论充分利用护士与医师和患者间的特殊桥梁作用,在基层医院促进合理用药,规范医师用药行为,防止药物滥用,引导患者安全用药,降低药源性疾病。