接触式Nd:YAG激光在颅内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的 总结采用新型接触式Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光进行颅内肿瘤切除的临床效果。方法 ２８例患者中脑膜瘤１４例、星形细胞瘤５例、听神经瘤４例、颅咽管瘤和髓母细胞各２例、室管膜瘤１例。Ｓｔｏｒｚ内镜下激光手术３例,显微镜下激光手术４例,直视下激光手术２１便。接触式Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光波长１．０６４μｍ,输出功率０￣１００Ｗ。瘤周分离用尖探头,激光功率５￣１５Ｗ;瘤内汽化用圆探头,激光功率一般３０￣６０Ｗ,脑室内２０     

CO2激光和Nd:YAG激光吻合家犬肝切创的实验研究

目的 探讨ＣＯ２激光和Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光吻合肝切创的可行性,为临床应用激光吻合肝破裂提供实验依据。方法 普通家犬５只,静脉麻醉后剖腹,暴露肝脏,在其表面做两条长２￣％ｃｍ、深４￣１０ｍｍ切口。分别用ＣＯ２激光和Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光照射创口,ＣＯ２激光的输出功率为３Ｗ,照射距离０．５￣２．０ｃｍ,光斑直径０．２ｃｍ,垂直照射２０￣９０ｓ,能量密度１９１０￣８５９５Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２;Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光光纤末端功率     

KTP激光在普通外科与内窥镜的临床应用

作者采用美国Ｌａｓｅｒｓｃｏｐｅ的ＫＴＰ／ＹＡＧ外科激光器作了５３例普外及内窥镜临床研究。此机可单独使用ＫＴＰ（５～２０Ｗ）或Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ（１０～６０Ｗ）激光，能以同一光纤在几秒钟内迅速切换两种激光。光纤直径０．３，０．４或０．６ｍｍ，采用裸光纤作接触、准接触或非接触照射，在使用中可切去或剥去有时焦糊的末端，便于维持输出功率。ＫＴＰ为可见光，也便于瞄准。     

内镜Nd：YAG激光治疗食管和贲门早期癌的临床体会

为研究Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗早期食管，贲门癌的疗效，我们观察了９例不适宜手术，３４例拒绝手术而同意接受内镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光治疗的疗效。采用的激光治疗仪有输出的功率为７０Ｗ，脉冲时间１ｓ光距０．５－１．０ｃｍ，与输出功率３０Ｗ的二台Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光器。     

正常肺、支气管组织与肺癌组织激光诱发自体荧光光谱

目的 分析正常肺、支气管组织和肺癌组织的激光诱发自体荧光（ＬＩＡＦ）光谱特征，探讨利用ＬＩＡＦ区分正常肺、支气管组织与肺癌组织的可行性。方法 收集肺癌手术标本４２例，每一标本的不同部位即肿瘤组织和正常肺组织及正常支气管组织，分别平均测定４￣５条光谱曲线，共测得１９６个部位的ＬＩＦ光谱图，其中癌组织７４个，正常肺组织６７个，正常支气管组织５５个。使用三倍频ＹＡＧ激光（波长３５５ｎｍ）和光学多道分析仪     

接触式Nd∶YAG激光在颅内肿瘤手术中的应用

目的总结采用新型接触式Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光进行颅内肿瘤切除的临床效果。方法２８例患者中脑膜瘤１４例、星形细胞瘤５例、听神经瘤４例、颅咽管瘤和髓母细胞瘤各２例、室管膜瘤１例。Ｓｔｏｒｚ内镜下激光手术３例，显微镜下激光手术４例，直视下激光手术２１例。接触式Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光波长１０６４μｍ，输出功率０～１００Ｗ。瘤周分离用尖探头，激光功率５～１５Ｗ；瘤内汽化用圆探头，激光功率一般３０～６０Ｗ，脑室内２０～４０Ｗ。结果除１例中颅凹底脑膜瘤、１例蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤和１例丘脑星形细胞瘤作次全切除外，其余均行肿瘤全切除，肿瘤手术全切率为８９％。术中输血２００～１２００ｍｌ（中位数为６００ｍｌ）。无手术死亡病例。术后２例出现轻偏瘫，１例出现轻面瘫，１例低热，占１４％。结论接触式Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光用于颅内肿瘤，尤其是脑深部和重要功能区肿瘤的切除，可提高切除率，减少手术死亡率和后遗症，值得临床推广。     

内镜Nd∶YAG激光治疗食管和贲门早期癌的临床体会

为研究Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光治疗早期食管、贲门癌的疗效。我们观察了９例不适宜手术、３４例拒绝手术而同意接受内镜Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光治疗的疗效。采用的激光治疗仪有输出功率为７０Ｗ、脉冲时间１ｓ、光距０．５～１．０ｃｍ与输出功率３０Ｗ的二台Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光器。治疗以准接触连续扫描照射方式经１～６次（平均２．６次）激光照射，４２例（占９７．７％）癌细胞消失，无穿孔等并发症。４２例随访１０～５５个月，其中６例于治愈后３６～４０个月复查时，发现早期癌灶，经内镜激光补充治疗，癌细胞消失。其余无癌复发。     

Nd:YAG激光在鼻出血及鼻内手术的应用

Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光在鼻出血及鼻内手术的应用汪绿宁我科于１９９４年１０月～１９９５年１月，在治疗慢性筛窦炎并发鼻息肉及鼻出血的手术中，应用Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ医用激光手术器，获得满意的止血效果。临床资料一、激光止血组：慢性筛窦炎并发鼻息肉１１例，其中男７例、女４...     

宫腔镜下Nd:YAG激光手术治疗宫腔粘连

目的 探讨宫腔镜下Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光手术治疗宫腕粘连的安全性和有效性。方法 对１９９４年５月至１９９９年６月期间施宫腔镜下Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光手术治疗宫腕肌性或纤维性粘边的５３例患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 术后５３例患者宫腔均恢复正常形态,其中轻中度粘连患者共４２例均行１次手术,重度粘中边患者１１例中３例行１次手术,７例行２次手术,１例行３次手术。术后月经恢复正常率为７６．５％（２６／３４）,月经     

喉癌Nd:YAG激光微创治疗及其对SIL-2R,IL-2和NK的影响

目的 探讨应用Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光,经纤维喉镜微创治疗喉原位癌（Ｔｉｓ）和Ｔ１期声门癌的疗效及其对机体细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 选择３４例Ｔｉｓ和Ｔ１期声带癌患者接受表面麻醉,Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光经纤维喉镜引导,对喉肿瘤进行汽化发割治疗。治疗前后应用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ、＾３ＨＴｄＲ掺入法和＾１２５Ⅰ－ＵｄＲ释放法检测患者外周血可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）,白细胞分素－２（ＩＬ－２）水平和自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ）活性。结果 ３４例Ｔｉｓ和Ｔ１期声门癌患者中３３例存活。已随访３～７年者２７例,４例复发,治愈率８５．２％。治疗后嗓音功能均有不同程度的恢复,７４．１％患者恢复到接近正常;ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显下降（Ｐ〈０．００１）,而ＩＬ－２水平和ＮＫ活性明显上升（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论 表面麻醉经纤维喉镜Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.