骨髓间充质干细胞经静脉移植到心肌梗死大鼠体内后的分布

目的 探讨经静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）于心肌梗死大鼠模型后在体内的分布及对心功能的影响。方法 心肌梗死后1周将标记的MSCs注射到大鼠舌下静脉内,在细胞移植后不同时间点取心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏器,进行组织学检查观察移植细胞的分布。通过心脏超声复查移植后3周、6周心功能改变情况。结果 MSCs 经静脉注射后各脏器的组织结构无明显异常改变。移植细胞在早期主要分布在正常心肌组织内,1周后主要分布在梗死及交界区内,正常心肌组织内很少见细胞存留。细胞移植后3周、6周实验组左心室没有进一步扩大,心功能没有进一步恶化。结论 静脉注射移植MSCs后细胞可以分布到重要组织器官内,并不影响其组织结构;移植细胞有向梗死心肌组织内迁移的趋势,能明显延缓左心室重构而导致的心功能恶化。     

经静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞向扩张性心肌病大鼠心肌趋化的研究

目的采用2-脱氧5氮杂胞苷（5-aza-2’deoxycytidine,5-aza-CdR）诱导的骨髓间充质干细胞（mesechymal stem cells,MSCs）经尾静脉移植入阿霉素心肌病心衰大鼠中,探讨其向病损心肌趋化情况。方法体外培养Wistar大鼠的MSCs,用0.3μmol/L的5-aza-CdR体外两次诱导第2代MSCs,然后将其用溴氮胞苷（bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU）标记后经尾静脉植入阿霉素造模成全心衰心肌病的大鼠,同时以注射无血清培养基（DMEM）的实验动物为对照组。移植后3d和1月,分别处死部分大鼠,通过免疫组化研究MSCs向病损心肌的趋化情况及其在心肌局部分布特点。结果移植后3d,MSCs移植组大鼠心肌中发现BrdU（+）细胞,左室心肌中分布最多,右心室也有少量分布;并且阳性细胞与自身心肌细胞均匀分布。移植后1月,MSCs仍能在心肌中存活,沿心肌纤维方向排列,并且具有心肌细胞的核像,呈长梭形。结论经5-aza-CdR诱导的MSCs经尾静脉移植入阿霉素心肌病心衰大鼠,其能向心脏靶向性迁徙;可存活达1月并具有部分心肌细胞特点。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的新技术

骨髓间充质干细胞移植是治疗心肌梗死的新途径之一,其技术和方法不断发展。诸如建立更好的大型活体实验动物模型；改进对植入细胞的标记追踪技术；进一步研究细胞植入的适宜方式和时间等。骨髓间充质干细胞移植和基因疗法相结合可能得到叠加的治疗效果。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的新技术

骨髓间充质干细胞移植是治疗心肌梗死的新途径之一,其技术和方法不断发展.诸如建立更好的大型活体实验动物模型;改进对植入细胞的标记追踪技术;进一步研究细胞植入的适宜方式和时间等.骨髓间充质干细胞移植和基因疗法相结合可能得到叠加的治疗效果.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞是一种多能干细胞,在体外培养时,可以通过诱导使其分化为心肌细胞等。目前进行的动物实验和临床Ⅰ期实验表明骨髓间充质干细胞具有促进血管增生以及改善心肌梗死后心脏功能的作用,为心肌梗死的治疗提供了广阔前景。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死机制的研究进展

心肌梗死（myocardial infarction,MD是由于冠状动脉循环改变引起冠状血流和心肌需求之间不平衡而导致的心肌损害,是临床上一种严重的缺血性心脏病（ischemic heart isease,IHD）。梗死的心肌细胞逐渐被瘢痕组织取代,由于瘢痕组织缺乏弹性,难以满足心脏收舒功能的要求,     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的进展

心肌梗死可引起心肌细胞的丢失,进而引起心脏功能的下降,是心力衰竭最主要的病因。骨髓间充质干细胞（BM—MSCs）是一类具有横向分化为各系统器官和组织能力的干细胞,能补充丢失的心肌细胞并通过旁分泌等机制增强心功能,为心肌梗死提供一种全新的治疗方法,极具发展潜力。本文对BM—MSCs的分离培养、诱导因素、移植以及临床研究等方面进行了综述。     

同种异体移植骨髓间充质干细胞治疗大鼠心肌梗死

目的　探讨同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞 (MSCs)在梗死大鼠心脏局部存活、迁移、分化及对心功能的影响 ;明确同种异体细胞移植治疗心肌梗死 (MI)的可行性及效果。方法　雌性Wistar大鼠 3 5只 ,随机分为正常对照组、急性心肌梗死 (AMI)组及MI MSCs治疗组。分离纯化雄性Wistar大鼠骨髓MSCs ,于左冠状动脉前降支结扎后 1～ 3h植入到雌性大鼠心脏组织 ,移植后 10周检测心功能并取心脏检测各种相关指标。结果　异体大鼠MSCs经纯化后可在梗死心脏组织定居、生存 ,并与宿主心肌纤维排列方向一致 ,免疫组化检测胞质心肌特异蛋白染色阳性 ,与MI组比较 ,异体细胞移植组左室收缩压升高 (P <0 0 5) ,舒张末压明显降低 (P <0 0 1)、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率显著增快 (P <0 0 5) ,梗死边缘区心肌面毛细血管数目明显增加 (P <0 0 5) ,多功能真彩色病理图像分析系统显示MI面积缩小 (P <0 0 5)。结论　同种异体MSCs移植治疗MI可行、有效     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对急性心肌梗死后心功能的影响

目的观察骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）经冠脉移植对急性心肌梗死后心功能的影响。方法24只日本大耳白兔,随机分为MSCs移植组（n=12）和培养液对照组（n=12）。从兔股骨抽取骨髓,体外培养MSCs。通过结扎左冠前降支建立急性心肌梗死模型。冠脉结扎后7d,细胞移植组和对照组直接经冠脉注入MSCs和培养液。于心肌梗死前、细胞移植前、细胞移植后1、2和4周对兔进行超声心动图检查。移植后4周处死动物,进行BrdU和第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测。结果移植后2周,MSCs移植组在射血分数（LVEF）和左室收缩末直径（LVESD）方面与移植前和对照组相比有显著改善（P<0.05）;移植4周后,LVEF、LVESD和左室舒张末直径（LVEDD）在MSCs移植组与移植前及对照组相比均有显著改善（P<0.05）。免疫组化检测发现,MSCs移植组BrdU染色阳性,血管计数较对照组明显增多（P<0.01）。结论经冠脉移植的MSCs可在梗死区心肌内存活并逐渐分化成心肌样细胞,促进毛细血管生成,显著改善心功能。     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的时机选择

目的:评价不同时机骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的疗效.方法:44例首次急性ST段抬高型AMI患者,在急诊成功开通梗死相关冠状动脉后随机分为AMI后第1周移植组(A组,10例)、AMI后第2、第3周移植组(B组,10例)、AMI后第4至6周移植组(C组,11例)和对照组(仅行PCI术,不进行骨髓穿刺或冠状动脉内输注,13例).各组于AMI后3 d、6个月行经胸超声心动图,采用99MTc-MIBI核素的单光子放射计算机断层显像术进行心肌灌注显像.结果:与对照组相比,A组和B组左室射血分数显著提高,心肌灌注缺损指数明显下降.A组与B组间未见明显差异,而C组与对照组相比亦未见明显差异.A组、B组、C组均未出现恶性心律失常和其他严重并发症.结论:AMI急诊介入术后行BMSCs移植是安全的.AMI后前3周行BMSCs移植比较理想.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植在心肌梗死区长期存活的观察

目的 探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)异体移植在心肌梗死区后长期存活数量的动态变化及其分布情况.方法 分离、纯化、培养雄性SD大鼠BMSC.开胸结扎雌性SD大鼠左冠状动脉前降支,于心肌梗死1 b后,将雄性大鼠BMSC 1.2×106个注入移植在雌性大鼠梗死心肌中心区心外膜下.将细胞移植受体大鼠随机分为3组,分别于移植后1、3和6周采集心肌梗死组织标本(n=18).实验动物移植细胞用Hoechst33342(n=5)和Brdu预先标记(n=5).实时定量PCR(realtime quantitative PCR)检测大鼠Y染色体雄性鉴别基因sry片段的表达(n=8).结果 分离纯化的雄性大鼠BMSC经流式细胞术鉴定为CID44+/CD34-.Hoechst33342荧光及Brdu免疫组织化学定性定位了移植细胞的存活,并在3周和6周组观察到部分标记细胞有序聚集排列,形成血管样结构.RT-PCR检测移植后细胞存活率在1、3和6周组分别为7.88%、7.82%和8.73%.结论 BMSC可以在心肌梗死区长期存活并参与受损心肌的修复.存活数量于移植1周后不再进行性减少,至6周均为8%左右.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the quantification and distribution of survival transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in infarcted myocardium of rats. Methods BMSCs of male SD rats were isolated, purified and proliferated. Female SD rats were subjected to occlusion of left anterior descending artery, 1.2 × 106 BMSCs were injected into the centre zone of the infarct region 1 h after left anterior descending artery occlusion. Myocardial tissue was harvested randomly at 1,3 and 6 ( n = 18) weeks after transplantation. Transplanted cells were labeled with Hoechst33342 ( n = 5 ) and Brdu ( n = 5 ). Sry suquence of Y chromatosome in male rat was analyzed by real-time PCR in the tissue ( n = 8). Results FACS analysis showed that BMSCs expressed homogenous with CD44 +/ CD34 -. Hoechst33342 or Brdu labeled positive cells were found in localized accumulation and some of them migrated to the margin of the infarct region, and vessel-like structure could be observed in the host hearts. The real-time PCR demonstrated that the survival rates of engrafted BMSCs were 7. 88%, 7. 82% and 8. 73% respectively at 1,3 and 6 weeks after transplantation. Conclusion BMSCs could survive in the host infarcted myocardium for more than one month and the survival rate was around 8% from the first week to the sixth week after transplantation.     

经静脉和经梗死心肌周边移植自体骨髓间质干细胞对心肌梗死后心功能影响的比较研究

目的比较经静脉移植和心肌移植骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)对心肌梗死后心功能的影响。方法结扎30只日本大耳兔的冠状动脉左前降支,建立急性心肌梗死模型后分成3组:损伤对照组、静脉移植组和心肌移植组。5周后检测各移植组抗DAPI染色及心脏的结构和功能。结果静脉移植组、心肌移植组在移植区均可检测到大量DAPI阳性标记的细胞,与损伤对照组相比,二者的左室结构与功能均明显改善(P<0.05);而心肌移植组对心功能的改善优于静脉移植组,二者的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经静脉移植的MSCs能够在心肌局部分化成为类心肌细胞,并有效改善心脏功能;经心肌移植MSCs对心功能的改善更为有效。     

In vivo imaging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into myocardium using magnetic resonance imaging: a novel method to trace the transplanted cells

Background: In vivo imaging of the cells transplanted into the beating heart is very important for the study of the cell's retention, migration. This study was designed to find a new labeling agent to trace and visualize the transplanted cells in vivo. Method: BMMSCs were incubated with SPIO for 48 h. The labeling efficiency was tested through Prussian blue staining, the growth ability was evaluated through MTT, and the cells viability was tested through Trypan blue rejection method, the migratory ability was assessed with Costar Transwell plates. After 10 days of coronary ligation of the Chinese mini swine, the labeled or unlabeled cells were transplanted into the myocardium. The MRI was carried out immediately and 1–4 weeks, respectively. After MRI the hearts were excised, the segment in which injections were performed were thin cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Prussian blue staining. Results: There were intracytoplasmatic blue particles in nearly every cell in the Prussian blue staining. SPIO had no poison effect on the cells' growth and proliferation. The cells' viability was more than 95%. The migratory ability was not affected. The injected sites containing labeled cells could all be detected through MRI and were confirmed on pathology. After 4 weeks the injected labeled cells could still be detected through MRI. The pathology showed the injected cells could survive in the MI area, and parallel in the same direction. Conclusion: The cells could be efficiently and safely labeled with SPIO and the labeled cells could be reliably detected by MRI in vivo.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞在大鼠移植肝中的多向分化

我们将自体全骨髓细胞及骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)输入移植肝中,观察移植物存活时间、肝功能、病理变化及自体骨髓细胞的分化情况,探索自体骨髓细胞减少排斥反应、诱导移植物长期存活的可能机制.     

Effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in acutely infarcting myocardium

BACKGROUND: Cellular cardiomyoplasty (CCM) is considered to be a novel therapeutic approach for post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure. In this study, the functional effects of cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation and the associated histopathologic changes were evaluated in a rat model of MI. METHODS: Rats were subjected to 5 h of coronary ligation followed by reperfusion and, 10 days after MI, animals were randomized into either the MSCs transplantation (MI-MSC, n=8) group or the control (n=8) group. Allogeneic MSCs (3x10(6) cells) or media were epicardially injected into the center and the border area of the infarct scar. RESULTS: Four weeks after the MSCs transplantation, the echocardiogram showed preserved anterior regional wall motion and increases in fractional shortening in the MI-MSC heart relative to the control heart. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure was smaller in the MI-MSC than in the control group. Implanted MSCs formed islands of cell clusters on the border of the infarct scar, and the cells were positively immunostained by sarcomeric alpha-actinin and cardiac troponin T. In addition, the number of microvessels on the border area of the infarct scar was greater in the MI-MSC than in the control group. CONCLUSION: Allogeneic MSCs transplanted into the MI scar formed clusters of cell grafts on the border of the infarct, expressed cardiac muscle proteins, increased microvessel formation, and improved regional and global LV function. Our data indicate that CCM using MSCs may have a significant role in the treatment of post-MI heart failure.     

骨髓间充质干细胞的培养及低氧条件对其影响

目的 骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSC)的体外培养和低氧对于BMMSC增殖作用的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠断颈处死后于75％酒精中浸泡5 min.用全骨髓贴壁法培养细胞,选取生长状态良好的第3代细胞进行鉴定.以单克隆抗体CD45、CD90行流式细胞术鉴定大鼠BMMSC.用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定第3代BMMSC以及低氧处理的第3代BMMSC的增殖情况.结果 用全骨髓贴壁法分离并培养SD大鼠BMMSC;流式细胞仪检测显示:第3代BMMSC表面特异性标志CD90表达率为96.0％,而非BMMSC表面标志CD45仅为2.5％.MTT结果显示低氧条件下的BMMSC比常氧条件下增殖速率高,并且光镜下观察到细胞状态均一,折光性更好.结论 用全骨髓贴壁法可以在体外分离、培养出纯度较高的SD大鼠来源BMMSC,低氧环境可以刺激BMMSC的增殖.     

普伐他汀对骨髓间充质干细胞迁移和黏附能力的影响

目的观察普伐他汀干预对人骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMMSCs)迁移和黏附能力的影响及其相关细胞信号传导通路。方法使用普伐他汀干预体外培养的第6代人BMMSCs,Western blotting检测作用前后ERK1/2、p38MAPK及PI3K/Akt通路蛋白的表达情况。将10μmol/L普伐他汀预处理人BMMSCs1h后,通过Transwell小室进行细胞迁移实验,并进行细胞黏附性测定,进一步用特异的细胞信号通路抑制剂或激动剂阻断或激活ERK1/2、p38MAPK及PI3K/AKT途径,观察其对普伐他汀作用的影响。结果普伐他汀可使人BMMSCs的PI3K/Akt通路磷酸化水平升高,抑制p38MAPK通路磷酸化水平,而其对人BMMSCs的ERK通路和总Akt、总p38MAPK水平无显著影响。经普伐他汀作用后迁移细胞显著增多(P<0.05),Ly294002预处理后这种作用消失,anisomycin预处理对这种作用影响不明显。普伐他汀作用后贴壁细胞显著增多(P<0.05),但Ly294002或anisomycin预处理对这种作用影响均不明显。结论普伐他汀具有增强人BMMSCs迁移和黏附能力的作用。其增强迁移能力的作用与激活人BMMSCs的PI3K/Akt通路有关。但是它对黏附能力的作用与PI3K/Akt和p38MAPK通路均无关。     

Effect of aged bone marrow microenvironment on mesenchymal stem cell migration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have many notable features, especially their multiple differentiation ability and immunoregulatory capacity. MSCs are important stem cells in the bone marrow (BM), and their characteristics are affected by the BM microenvironment. However, effects of the BM microenvironment on the properties of MSCs are not well understood. In this study, we found that BM from aged mice decreased MSC colony formation. Flow cytometry data showed that the proportion of B220⁺ cells in BM from aged mice was significantly lower than that in BM from young mice, while the proportion of CD11b⁺, CD3⁺, Gr-1⁺, or F4/80⁺ cells are on the contrary. CD11b⁺, B220⁺, and Ter119⁺ cells from aged mice were not the subsets that decreased MSC colony formation. We further demonstrated that both BM from aged mice and young mice exhibited similar effects on the proliferation of murine MSC cell line C3H10T1/2. However, when cocultured with BM from aged mice, C3H10T1/2 showed slower migration ability. In addition, we found that phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) in C3H10T1/2 cocultured with BM from aged mice was lower than that in C3H10T1/2 cocultured with BM from young mice. Collectively, our data revealed that BM from aged mice could decrease the migration of MSCs from their niche through regulating the JNK pathway.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对犬缺血心肌的修复作用观察

目的 观察自体骨骼间充质干细胞移植对犬缺血心肌的修复作用.方法 通过结扎犬冠状动脉左前降支近端建立心肌梗死(MI)模型.自每只犬的髂后上棘抽取骨髓进行分离、培养、扩增骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs).2周后用二脒苯基吲哚(DAPI)标记自体MSCs后二次开胸注射到MI瘢痕区及其周围.对照组注射等量无血清培养基.细胞移植前3 d及移植后4周分别行超声心动图和心肌灌注显影检查.结果 细胞移植后4周,两组犬全部存活,超声心动图显示实验组左室射血分数(EF)、每搏量(SV)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)、左室舒张末期内径(LVD)、左室收缩末内径(LVS)分别为56.72%±4.90%、(33.24±8.50)ml、26.16%±3.33%、(3.85±0.36)cm、(2.83±0.30)cm,与移植前的50.40%±6.31%、(25.49±7.67)ml、21.86%±3.04%、(4.24±0.41)cm、(3.14±0.30)cm相比,P均＜0.05;而对照组4周后左室上述指标较移植前差异不显著(P均＞0.05).99mTc-MIBI检查显示细胞移植组原心尖部、前壁缺损区再填充明显,而对照组原心尖部、前壁缺损区再填充不明显.结论 自体MSCs移植能有效地修复损伤的心肌并提高心功能.