天然药物化学网络课程教学的实践

在使用网络平台辅助教学的实践基础上,分析传统教学模式的弊端,阐述了网络教学模式的特点,并结合网络教学平台对网络辅助教学模式作了进一步分析。     

多媒体辅助教学在医学教育中的应用

计算机多媒体辅助教学是一种新的现代化教学手段,在医学教育中的应用是一种必然趋势。现分析了多媒体辅助教学在医学教育中的优势和存在的问题,提出了提高多媒体教学水平的意见,以促进多媒体辅助教学在医学教育中的发展。     

计算机辅助教学（CAI）在化工原理教学中的应用

随着计算机技术的飞速发展，计算机辅助教学(CAI)在教学方式和方法改革方面起到了越来越重要的作用。在化工原理的教学中，笔在传统教学的基础上，结合计算机辅助教学手段，为化工原理的教学注入了新的活力，取得了良好的教学效果。     

Photoshop在解剖学图片修改中的作用

随着计算机技术的飞速发展和多媒体技术的普及，计算机辅助教学（CAI）技术在现代化教学中已得到广泛运用。图片作为多媒体辅助教学的主要素材之一，在课件制作中有着不可替代的作用。人体解剖学是一门形态学学科，解剖图片必然成为人体解剖学教学的重要工具之一，这使解剖图片在解剖学教学课件制作中的作用显得更为重要。教研室在应用CAI课件授燥过程中，运用Photoshop对解剖图片进行编辑，大大提高了教研室CAI课件的质量，提高了教学水平和学生的学习效果。     

生药学辅助教学课件的制作及应用

为了提高教学质量,我们制作了覆盖生药学所有教学内容和实验内容的辅助教学课件.现代化的教学手段,既可节约时间又能达到生动形象的教学效果,也为学生自学带来了方便.现将这套课件的主要内容、课件特色及使用情况作一介绍,愿与同道共同探讨交流.     

如何在有机化学教学中开展教学助理辅助教学模式

教学助理辅助教学模式在国外的大学教育中已得到广泛应用。笔者根据自己的参与该教学模式的实践经验,并结合有机化学教学的特点,从三个方面阐述了如何中开展和实施教学助理辅助教学模式。认为该辅助教学模式有一定的推广意义。     

计算机三维数字人体模型在人体解剖学中的应用

解剖学是一门医学形态学科,名词多、描述多、内容抽象、难记忆等特点决定了在教学中需要采用大量教学媒体进行辅助教学。传统教学是采用手工画图、挂图、放幻灯片和电视录像的教学方法．学生难以理解和掌握人体的空间结构,严重影响教学效果。随着计算机辅助教学（CAI）的广泛运用以及三维数字人体模型技术的推广,使得学生能从三维立体的角度充分观察人体不同层面的立体构象,同时可以自由选择观察角度,可以在三维人体模型上进行虚拟手术,这样学生就更加直观形象的从三维水平去理解人体器官的形态结构和毗邻位置。     

教学助理制度在有机化学教学中的实践

教学助理制度在美国的大学教育中起着重要的作用。借鉴这一模式,结合自身教学实际,尝试在药学专业本科有机化学教学中设置教学助理,并在实施过程中对教学助理辅助教学工作进行制度化和规范化。     

充分发挥计算机辅助教学在医学物理学教学中的作用

从两方面总结了计算机辅助教学在医学物理学教学实践中所起到的良好作用。充分发挥计算机辅助教学在医学物理学教学中的作用,能够显著提高医学物理学课堂教学效果。     

多媒体技术在病理学教学中的应用与体会

多媒体教学在上世纪80年代已经开始出现,目前随着计算机的普及运用和计算机技术的迅速发展,在教学过程中多采用多媒体计算机和多媒体教学课件来辅助教学.我校病理学教研室多年来一直采用多媒体进行教学,现就多媒体技术在病理学教学中的应用谈谈体会.     

Bombesin-like peptides: candidates as diagnostic and therapeutic tools

Bombesin (BBS) is proved to have a wide variety of the pharmacologic effects, including effects on the release of gastrointestinal hormones and control of gastrointestinal motility. More recently, the role of BBS in tumor growth, cellular proliferation and inflammation has attracted attention. There is evidence that increased BBS receptor expression may be considered as a specific marker for small-cell lung cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma, gastric and pancreatic cancer, prostate, ovarian and breast cancer, neuroblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma and thyroid carcinoma. BBS expression was found to be correlated with the histological grade of the tumor. Similarly, BBS treatment significantly improves the healing of chronic gastric ulcers and ameliorates the severity of burn- or colitis-induced gut injury. Although there is much complexity still to be elucidated to understand fully the physiologic and pathologic roles of BBS-like peptides several clinical or experimental trials have addressed that circulating or tissue levels of BBS-like peptides or their receptor expression may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers of neoplastic disease, and incorporation of BBS receptor antagonists in the treatment of human cancer could provide substantial benefit to the cancer patients. Moreover, trophic, anti-ulcerogenic and anti-inflammatory actions of exogenous BBS make this peptide a potential supplement in minimizing or reversing tissue damage against several injurious challenges. In conclusion, based on the evidence summarized herein, related to the mitogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of BBS-like peptides, further investigations are needed to derive the benefit of BBS-like peptides in pharmacologic strategies.     

Characterization of bombesin receptors in peripheral contractile organs.

1 Guinea-pig and rat urinary bladders, rat stomach and the guinea-pig gall bladder, four isolated organs that show high sensitivity to bombesin, were used to characterize bombesin receptors in peripheral organs. 2 The order of potency of agonists was determined with several naturally occurring peptides of the bombesin series, namely bombesin (BBS), litorin (Lit), neuromedin B (NMB), the gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP 18-27), neuromedin C (NMC) and with some bombesin fragments. It was found that bombesin, neuromedin C, litorin and two bombesin fragments, BBS (6-14) and AcBBS (6-14) had similar activities in the four preparations, while neuromedin B and [Phe6]-neuromedin C were more active on the rat urinary bladder than on the other tissues. 3 The order of potency of agonists determined in the rat urinary bladder was as follows: BBS = NMB greater than Lit greater than NMC greater than [Phe6]NMC = GRP and it was found to be different from that observed in the other preparations: BBS greater than GRP = Lit greater than or equal to NMC much greater than NMB greater than [Phe6]NMC, suggesting the existence of two different bombesin receptors, BBS1 and BBS2. 4 This interpretation was convalidated by the finding that bombesin antagonists, namely Ac.GRP(20-26)OCH3 and Ac.GRP(20-26)OC2H5 reduced or blocked the effects of bombesin-related peptides on BBS2 receptor systems while being completely inactive on the rat urinary bladder (BBS1 system).     

试论药品相关论坛(BBS)的管理

介绍了互联网药品相关论坛的发展背景、信息内容要求，并结合我国现行的相关法律法规分析了药品相关论坛当前发展的主要矛盾和症结，提出了加强药品论坛监管体系建设的建议。     

简笔画在《眼科学》教学中的应用

简笔画应用于《眼科学》理论教学中,形象突出地概括了眼科相关的最典型、最突出的解剖特点。作为辅助手段具有可识性和示意性,可以准确把握眼科疾病的发生与发展特点,补充了教学录像、高清晰解剖照片的不足。通过目识、心记、手写等活动,提炼了教学重点,吸引了学生注意力,强化了学生对眼科疾病学习。     

BBS 926全自动医用低速离心机制备冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞的质量评价

目的评价BBS 926全自动医用低速离心机制备的冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞的质量。方法 BBS 926全自动医用低速离心机制备冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞完成后,立即留取样本,检测其血红蛋白含量、游离血红蛋白含量、白细胞残留量、甘油残留量等质量监测指标。结果血红蛋白含量为（23±5）g/L、游离血红蛋白含量为（0.43±0.25）g/L、白细胞残留量为（0.6±0.3）×107个、甘油残留量为（3.6±2.5）g/L、细菌培养试验阴性。结论 BBS 926全自动医用低速离心机制备冰冻解冻去甘油红细胞各项检测指标均达到国家质量标准,能有效地保障临床输血安全。     

我国药事管理学教材建设的探讨

回顾我国药事管理学教材建设的发展历程,以卫生部＂十二五＂规划教材、全国高等医药教材建设研究会＂十二五＂规划教材《药事管理学》（第5版）为例,从教材的结构、特点、课程的教学方法、配套教材的建设等方面进行探讨。     

Cholecystokinin and bombesin suppress operant responding for food reward

The effects of intraperitoneal injections of cholecystokinin (CCK) and bombesin (BBS) on food-rewarded operant responding were investigated. Response rates were significantly suppressed following administrations of CCK (0.7, 1.4, and 2.9 micrograms/kg). The effects appeared to be dose dependent. Responding was also suppressed following injections of BBS (6 and 16 micrograms/kg). These results confirm and extend previous findings concerning the possible function of these peptides.     

Peripheral injections of bombesin and cholecystokinin affect dietary self-selection in rats

Patterns of dietary self-selection were examined in adult female rats following peripheral injections of either bombesin (BBS) (6, 10, 14 and 16 micrograms) or cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) (0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3.0 micrograms). Animals were food deprived for 18 hours and then offered three isocaloric diets (protein, carbohydrate, and fat) following injections of peptides. Each subject received each of 4 doses of both peptides in a within-subjects design. All doses of BBS decreased total food intake and fat intake 30 minutes following injections. Also at this time period the two highest doses suppressed carbohydrate intake, while protein was unaffected. Cumulative intake at one hour revealed that total intake remained suppressed. The two highest doses continued to suppress carbohydrate intake, while only the 14 micrograms dose continued to suppress fat intake. Additionally protein was now significantly suppressed by all doses. The three highest doses of CCK-8 produced a decrease in total food intake and fat intake 30 minutes after injections. By one hour, only total intake remained suppressed but only with administration of the highest dose. Results are interpreted as providing support for the notion that BBS and CCK are physiological satiety signals and that they maintain unique functions in regulating food intake.     

职业卫生学综合性现场实验教学微课开发需求分析

目的 评估职业卫生学综合现场实验教学中存在的问题,把握微课开发利用的动因与方向,为引入微课教学提供依据.方法 2019年5—10月选取北京大学医学部2015级七年制预防医学专业83名学生为研究对象,采用教师观察法和学生问卷调查进行研究.结果 回收有效问卷77份.职业卫生学综合现场实验教学中存在"对现场调查工作的全局认识不够充足""职业卫生相关研究工作介绍不多""容易遗忘前次课程内容"等问题.66.2％的学生希望将微课应用于职业卫生学综合现场实验教学中.学生希望制作成微课的课程内容有职业卫生调查工作示教(84.4％)、仪器使用与操作方法(77.9％)、综合性实验涉及的知识框架与要点(64.9％);学生希望的微课组织结构包括知识内容条理呈现(90.9％)、操作内容视频呈现(88.3％)、教学总结(61.0％)、教学导入(55.8％)、思考题(40.3％);最受学生喜欢的授课方式是微信公众号.结论 职业卫生学综合现场实验教学中过程中仍存在诸多不足,微课是实验课程良好的补充教学方式.学生对于引入微课教学持支持态度,应依据学生需求有针对性设计开发微课,将其引入实验课程教学,从而提升课程教学效果.     

The chronic hepatic or renal toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, acetaminophen, sodium barbital, and phenobarbital in male B6C3F1 mice: autoradiographic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evidence for levels of DNA synthesis not associated with carcinogenesis or tumor promotion

Male B6C3F1 mice, 6 weeks of age, were fed diets or water containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) at 12,000 or 6000 ppm, acetaminophen (ACT) at 10,000 or 5000 ppm, sodium barbital (BBS) at 1000 ppm, or phenobarbital (PB) at 500 ppm for 40 weeks. Groups of six mice were terminated at 2, 8, 24, and 40 weeks for evaluation of liver and kidney weights, histopathology, and thymidine kinase (TK) activity in liver and kidney and levels of DNA synthesis, measured by tritiated thymidine [( 3H]T) autoradiography or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. Liver weights, as percentage of body weight, were significantly elevated at most time intervals for mice exposed to all chemicals at each dose. The hepatocyte labeling indices (LI) with [3H]T autoradiography or BrdU immunocytochemistry were significantly elevated in mice fed DEHP at 12,000 ppm at 24 and 40 weeks or BBS and ACT at 2 weeks. LI were not elevated in mice fed PB. Hepatic TK activity was significantly elevated in mice fed DEHP, BBS, or ACT at Weeks 2 and 8. Histopathologic hepatic lesions were associated with these elevations, while hepatic lesions were not associated with changes in TK activity in PB-treated mice. In contrast, only DEHP and BBS induced toxic renal lesions. Persistent or transient elevation of the renal LI and TK activity accompanied renal toxicity. Thus, the hepatic toxin DEHP induced chronic renal hyperplasia without evidence of renal carcinogenicity or tumor promotion in previous studies at the doses used. ACT, a hepatotoxin, produced transient chronic hepatic hyperplasia without evidence of carcinogenicity in B6C3F1 mice in earlier studies at the same doses used. Thus, persistent or transient hepatic or renal hyperplasia was associated with carcinogenic or tumor promoting activity of these chemicals in some cases but not in others.