阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征手术治疗的警示

目的　探讨行悬雍垂腭咽成形术 (uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ,UPPP)围手术期易出现的严重并发症的预防和处理。方法　在 180例行UPPP及 1例行探查止血的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (obstructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome ,OSAHS)患者中 ,报告并总结了 10例严重并发症的临床资料。结果　UPPP术中发生心绞痛和心肌梗塞各 1例 ;术后发生口咽狭窄 3例 ,继发性出血 3例 ,吞咽反流和开放性鼻音及分泌性中耳炎 1例 ;鼻部探查止血手术中诱导麻醉插管时窒息死亡 1例。结论　OSAHS为全身性代谢性疾病 ,行UPPP手术及其他全身麻醉手术时必须严格掌握手术适应证 ,加强围手术期治疗并结合个体情况制定手术方案 ,避免严重并发症     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征手术治疗的警示

目的 探讨行悬雍垂腭咽成形术（uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP）围手术期易出现的严重并发症的预防和处理。方法 在180例行UPPP及1例行探查止血的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者中，报告并总结了10例严重并发症的临床资料。结果 UPPP术中发生心绞痛和心肌梗塞各1例；术后发生口咽狭窄3例，继发性出血3例，吞咽反流和开放性鼻音及分泌性中耳炎1例；鼻部探查止血手术中诱导麻醉插管时窒息死亡1例。结论 OSAHS为全身性代谢性疾病，行UPPP手术及其他全身麻醉手术时必须严格掌握手术适应证，加强围手术期治疗并结合个体情况制定手术方案，避免严重并发症。     

喉气管狭窄的手术治疗

目的 探讨喉气管狭窄的手术方法及疗效。 方法 回顾分析山东省千佛山医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2009至2015年16例喉气管狭窄手术的临床资料,其中3例喉气管钝性挫伤、1例喉乳头状瘤术后反复狭窄、1例喉癌术后肉芽生成分别实施支撑喉镜下CO₂激光切除术。1例喉癌术后气管内鳞癌、多形性腺瘤及气管腺样囊性癌在鼻内镜下行切除术。1例长时间气管内插管致气管狭窄及1例气管囊腺癌者行气管袖状切除断端吻合术。1例气管腺样囊性癌、2例甲状腺癌及1例气管外伤后狭窄行喉气管重建术。1例食管癌晚期致喉狭窄及1例喉气管外伤老年患者行镍钛记忆合金支架植入术。 结果 随访12~24个月,除2例外,其余患者均手术后拔管。其中1例喉气管重建术放置T形管后肉芽再次生长;另1例镍钛记忆合金支架植入术后出现排异反应,取出支架,此2例均无法拔管,自动出院后失访。 结论 喉气管狭窄的手术治疗应根据狭窄的位置及程度选择不同的手术方法,可获得良好的效果。     

Necrotizing sialometaplasia. Apropos of a case. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems

The authors a rare case of necrotizing sialometaplasia localised in the palate. This case is interesting because of the diagnostic problems raised by the clinical and radiological appearance of the lesion. The case report is completed by a review of the literature.     

Pleomorphic adenoma of the epiglottis. Case report and review of the literature]

A rare case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the epiglottis in an 82-year-old patient is presented. Resection of the tumor was accomplished by using the CO2-laser and required a partial epiglottectomy. Postoperatively there were no functional impairments. This is the third case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the epiglottis, published in literature, but the first case in which epiglottectomy was performed by endoscopic laser resection.     

Cholangiocarcinoma metastatic to the neck: first report of a case

We describe a unique case of a cholangiocarcinoma that metastasized to a cervical lymph node--to our knowledge the only such case ever reported. The diagnosis was based on fine-needle aspiration cytology and confirmed by excision biopsy. This case illustrates the importance of keeping all possible options in mind when diagnosing head and neck masses.     

Day case paediatric tonsillectomy: a review of three years experience in a dedicated day case unit

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children. Day case tonsillectomy is common in many parts of the USA but remains controversial in the UK. Day case tonsillectomy in children has been performed in a dedicated paediatric day care unit at the Mayday Hospital since 1994. The results for the years 1995–1997 were reviewed. In these years 928 true day case tonsillectomies were performed. Reactionary haemorrhage occurred in 0.97% (nine children) but only three children required a return to theatre. All bleeding occurred within the standard observation period. There were no deaths. The overall effective day case rate was 95.7%, only 31 children needing unplanned admission, mainly for postoperative vomiting. The results suggest that day case tonsillectomy can be safely and successfully performed, with a dedicated paediatric day case unit and a favourable population geography.     

Retropharyngeal mediastinal pneumatocele. Report of a case.

We report the case of an infant with penetrating neck trauma followed by an upper respiratory tract obstruction. This case presented a diagnostic and management dilemma because of the development of an unusual retropharyngeal collection of air. In our review of the medical literature, we were unable to find any other case with a similar manifestation and clinical course.     

Day case paediatric tonsillectomy: a review of three years experience in a dedicated day case unit.

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children. Day case tonsillectomy is common in many parts of the USA but remains controversial in the UK. Day case tonsillectomy in children has been performed in a dedicated paediatric day care unit at the May day Hospital since 1994. The results for the years 1995-1997 were reviewed. In these years 928 true day case tonsillectomies were performed. Reactionary haemorrhage occurred in 0.97% (nine children) but only three children required a return to theatre. All bleeding occurred within the standard observation period. There were no deaths. The overall effective day case rate was 95.7%, only 31 children needing unplanned admission, mainly for postoperative vomiting. The results suggest that day case tonsillectomy can be safely and successfully performed, with a dedicated paediatric day case unit and a favourable population geography.     

Endoscopic trans-pterygoid resection of a low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinoma of the infratemporal fossa

This article presents a case of low-grade cribriform cystadenocarcinomas (LGCCC), a rare salivary gland tumor manifesting in the infratemporal fossa (ITF). The lesion in this case is unique in its location, histopathology, and management in that the tumor resection was performed using an exclusively endoscopic, endonasal approach. This case highlights the expanding application of endoscopic skull base techniques to address an indolent, slow-growing malignancy of the ITF.     

Migrating pharyngeal foreign bodies: a series of four cases of saw-toothed fish bones

Pharyngeal foreign bodies are common problems seen at emergency rooms or ENT outpatient clinics, and fish bones are the most common foreign bodies encountered in East Asia and in Korea. One of the rare complications of a swallowed sharp fish bone is its migration from the site of entry into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck. We present four unusual cases of ingested fish bones that migrated out of the upper digestive tract to the neck. In the first case, this caused a recurrent deep neck infection for 2 years; in the second case, there was penetration of the facial artery; in the third case, there was a hematoma of the floor of the mouth; in the fourth case, there was a retropharyngeal abscess.     

Craniofacial melorheostosis. Report of a case and review of the literature

From a rare pathology and unknown etiology, the authors report a cranio-facial case without any other body symptoms. A literature review can be found after the case report.     

Cryptococcosis of the larynx

An unusual case of cryptococcosis of the larynx is described in a non-immunocompromised patient. To our knowledge this is the second reported case in the literature.     

Primary carcinosarcoma of the helix of the ear

We report our histologic and immunohistochemical findings in a rare case of cutaneous carcinosarcoma involving the helix of the ear. The tumor exhibited cellular features of both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma and a malignant mesenchymal component that was consistent with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The epithelial component exhibited a positive immunohistochemical reaction to cytokeratin and a negative reaction to vimentin, whereas the mesenchymal component showed a positive immunohistochemical reaction to vimentin and a negative reaction to cytokeratin. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the third reported case of a carcinosarcoma of the ear and the second case in which it developed on the helix.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the maxilla with spinal metastasis: a case report

Maxillary leiomyosarcoma is an uncommon tumor, and the occurrence of its metastasis to the spine is exceedingly rare. We report the case of a patient with maxillary leiomyosarcoma who developed a spinal metastasis 18 months following a total maxillectomy. Our patient represents only the third case of metastasis to the spine that has been reported in the literature, and the only reported case of metastasis to the iliac bone.     

An unusual cause of obstructive sleep apnoea presenting during pregnancy

We describe a case of lingual thyroid (LT) with primary hypothyroidism, presenting during pregnancy and continuing beyond it with oropharyngeal obstructive symptoms and sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) of mixed type. Although SAS of a combined obstructive and central type should not be too surprising in a case of LT with hypothyroidism, we were unable to find such a documentation previously. Only four weeks of L-thyroxin treatment resulted in a dramatic improvement in dysphagia, disturbed phonation, haemoptysis, arterial desaturation, sleep apnoea and overall sleep efficiency, in conjunction with a regression in the size of the lingual mass. This case highlights the vagaries confronted in the management of such a case and focuses on efforts towards accurate diagnosis and treatment.     

Malakoplakia of the oropharynx

We present a case of malakoplakia presenting as a lesion in the oropharynx of an elderly smoker. In this case a clinical diagnosis of carcinoma of the pharynx was made, biopsy revealed the nature of the lesion and management was radically altered.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the parotid gland: a case report

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the parotid gland is an extremely rare neoplasm. We here describe the case of a 78-year-old male patient presenting with such a tumor. Five years after surgical treatment, the patient is alive and recurrence-free. To our knowledge, our case represents just the sixth case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the parotid gland reported in the English literature. The clinical features of these cases are summarized.