魔芋精粉降低大鼠血清和肝组织胆固醇水平及其抗脂肪肝作用的观察

本文报告以2.5％,5％及10％三种魔芋精粉分别喂饲SD大鼠12周,同时以高胆固醇组和基础饲料组为对照。实验结果表明:4周末,5％和10％的魔芋精粉组血清胆固醇及10％魔芋精粉组肝胆固醇水平均显著低于高胆固醇组;12周末,所有魔芋精粉组血清胆固醇及10％魔芋精粉组肝胆固醇水平降至正常。病理组织学检查证实,三个魔芋精粉组的肝细胞脂肪变性均有不同程度的减轻。12周末,5％和10％魔芋精粉组肝细胞脂肪变性近于消失。     

山楂、魔芋及其复合物对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢及血浆NO水平的影响

目的观察山楂、魔芋及其复合物对高脂饲料诱导的高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢、血浆-氧化氮(NO)水平的影响,为通过营养干预防治高脂血症及心血管疾病提供实验依据.方法选择50只健康成年Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,分别饲以基础饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料补充山楂粉、高脂饲料补充魔芋精粉及高脂饲料补充山楂魔芋复合物.饲养8周后测定血中脂质及NO含量.结果山楂、魔芋及山楂魔芋复合物能显著降低高脂饲料诱导的大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的升高,同时显著升高大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及血浆NO值.结论山楂、魔芋及山楂魔芋复合物具有明显的降血脂作用,同时升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和NO.提示具有保护血管内皮细胞及防治心脑血管疾病的作用.且复合组降低极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及升高大鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著优于山楂组.     

魔芋精粉降脂作用的观察研究

魔芋精粉加入高脂饲料中喂养大鼠30天,在剂量为6.2～3.3g/kg/d 时,能有效预防大鼠血清、肝脏胆固醇和甘油三酯的显著升高,增加血中 HDL—C 含量,效果优于安妥明。用5.0～2.6g/kg/d的魔芋精粉饲喂高血脂症大鼠10天,也能明显降低大鼠血清、肝脏胆固醇和甘油三酯;作用仍强于安妥明。肝脏病理检查的结果也表明魔芋精粉具有明显的降脂消酯作用。     

葡萄籽精粉减肥降脂作用研究

目的 :建立大鼠肥胖高脂模型 ,观察葡萄籽精粉对肥胖、高血脂大鼠的减肥降脂作用 .方法 :选用SD雄性大鼠、喂饲肥胖高脂饲料、建立预防性肥胖高血脂模型 ,对葡萄籽精粉及复方葡萄籽精粉进行减肥降脂试验 .结果 :单纯的葡萄籽精粉减肥降脂作用不明显 ,复方葡萄籽精粉A具有显著降低肥胖高脂大鼠体重、增重、体内脂肪重、脂 /体比及血清甘油三脂 (TG)水平的作用 ,复方葡萄籽精粉B具有显著降低肥胖高脂大鼠血清胆固醇 (TC)水平的作用 .结论 :复方葡萄籽精粉具有减肥降脂作用 ,其机理有待深入研究 .     

三七粉对肝纤维化干预作用的实验研究

目的探讨三七粉对小鼠肝纤维化的干预作用。方法以四氯化碳、高脂、高胆固醇和酒精制造肝纤维化小鼠模型,同时给予三七粉(低、高浓度)进行防治,测定各组小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、r-谷氨酰基转肽酶(r-GT)含量的变化和行肝组织病理检查。结果用药后(低、高治疗组)血清ALT、TBil、DBil、r-GT含量明显低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01),用药组肝组织病理有明显的好转。结论三七粉对肝纤维化有较好的干预作用。     

复方魔芋片药效学实验研究

魔芋盛产于我国南方,作为药食记载已有悠久历史。六十年代后,日本、美国也注意到魔芋的药用价值,认识到魔芋的营养学和医学价值的精髓是纤维植物。我们用 Wistar 大白鼠研究了魔芋精粉对脂肪吸收的影响,结果显示,魔芋精粉具有显著降低脂肪吸收的作用(P<0.01)。它提示魔芋精粉对降脂减肥有着营养学和医学上的重要作用。     

魔芋超细及纳米粉末的减肥特性研究

目的　考察魔芋超细及纳米粉末对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥作用。方法　用紫外可见分光光度法测定大鼠血液中的甘油三酯、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量 ,用分光光度法测定大鼠血糖值 ,通过测量体重变化及 L ee's系数考察魔芋超细及纳米粉末的减肥效果。结果　与魔芋精粉及魔芋多糖相比 ,魔芋超细及纳米粉末可明显降低营养性肥胖大鼠的体重和 L ee's系数 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,还可明显降低营养性肥胖大鼠血液中的甘油三酯、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　魔芋超细及纳米粉末具有比魔芋精粉及魔芋多糖更明显的减肥作用。     

调脂积颗粒对脂肪肝大鼠血脂及血液流变指标的影响

目的：探讨调脂积颗粒对脂肪肝大鼠血脂和血液流变性的影响。方法：采用复合方式建立大鼠脂肪肝模型，wastar大鼠48只随机分为四组，每组12只，即调脂积颗粒治疗组(调脂积组)、阳性对照组(易善复组)、正常组和模型组，测定四组生化指标及组织病理，同时检测全血高、中、低切黏度、血浆黏度。结果：调脂积颗粒可显著降低肝组织损伤和脂肪变性程度，降低肝组织及血清中甘油三酯、胆固醇含量，显著降低全血黏度及血浆黏度。结论：调脂积颗粒具有显著的抗肝组织损伤和脂肪变性作用，可明显降低脂肪肝大鼠血脂及改善血液流变性，对脂肪肝有治疗作用。     

魔芋超细粉末的减肥作用

目的 :考察魔芋超细粉末对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥作用 .方法 :用紫外可见分光光度法测定大鼠血液中的三酰甘油、胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量 ,用分光光度法测定大鼠血糖值 ,通过测量体质量变化及Lee s系数考察魔芋超细粉末的减肥效果 .结果 :与魔芋精粉及魔芋多糖相比 ,魔芋超细粉末可明显降低营养性肥胖大鼠的体质量 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,以及营养性肥胖大鼠血液中的三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白含量 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Lee s系数和血液中胆固醇也有降低 .结论 :魔芋超细粉末具有比魔精粉及魔芋多糖更明显的减肥作用 .     

2型糖尿病大鼠发病过程中相关指标与肝细胞膜流动性变化的研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病与长期高脂对脂类代谢的影响程度，讨论高脂对肝细胞膜流动性的影响，以揭示2型糖尿病中脂类代谢紊乱的机制。方法正常大鼠饲养、制造高脂10天大鼠模型、高脂20天大鼠模型、四氧嘧啶2型糖尿病大鼠模型，测定4组大鼠肝组织甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量及肝细胞膜流动性。结果模型组与高脂10天组相比，肝组织MDA含量显著升高，肝细胞膜流动性显著降低，其甘油三酯及总胆固醇含量略低于高脂10天组及高脂20天组，但较正常组有一定程度的升高；高脂10天组与正常组相比，肝组织甘油三酯、总胆固醇的含量、MDA含量，均有显著升高，肝细胞膜流动性显著降低；高脂10天组与高脂20天组相比，肝组织甘油三酯的含量、MDA含量，以及肝细胞膜流动性变化均不显著，只有总胆固醇含量有显著下降。结论肝组织MDA含量、甘油三酯、总胆固醇含量及肝细胞膜流动性的变化与2型糖尿病的发病过程有密切关系，且肝组织MDA含量对肝细胞膜流动性影响较大，与其变化情况密切相关。     

Antisteatotic effects of four kinds of dietary fibers in rats fed on high cholesterol diet: a preliminary morphometric analysis]

The hypolipidaemic and antisteatotic effects of the Konnyaku Powder (KP) have been reported before. In order to evaluate further the antisteatotic role played by KP, the effects of KP on the levels of liver lipid and on the hepatic histopathology and morphometry in comparison with those of pectin, algin and agar were studied. Sixty Wistar strain rats were divided into 6 groups: a normal diet group, a high cholesterol diet group (HC), and 4 test groups, in which the animals were fed on a diet similar to that of the high cholesterol diet group with addition of KP, pectin, algin or agar at a dosage of 5%, respectively. All the animals were killed at the end of the diet treatment for 9 weeks. The results showed that relative liver weights were lower in four experimental groups than in the HC group. The levels of total and free cholesterol, and triglyceride in the liver were lower in KP group than in HC group and in the other three experimental groups. Hepatic histopathology and morphometric examination indicated that antisteatotic effects of KP appeared to be much more significant than those of the other fibers.     

绿茶预防大鼠脂肪肝的效果

用综合法复制脂肪肝动物模型，给予５％绿茶以观察其预防高胆固醇高脂肪低蛋白饲料致ＳＤ大鼠脂肪肝的作用。实验期间正常组（ＮＣ组）大鼠体重持续增长，给予４０％四氯化碳溶液注射的预防组（ＴＰ组）和高脂组（ＨＣ组）均明显下降；ＴＰ组体重自第５天后较ＨＣ组为高，在第１０天后即有显著性。用药后大鼠活动减少、皮毛凌乱。甘油三酯和总胆固醇均增高，ＴＰ组高密度脂蛋白比ＨＣ组高，而ＨＣ组低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均升     

Dietary hypercholesterolemia aggravates contrast media-induced nephropathy

Background Contrast media administration can result in severe nephrotoxicity under pathological conditions such as diabetic nephropathy, congestive heart failure, dehydration, et al. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary hypercholesterolemia on contrast media-induced changes in renal function, blood flow, and histopathology.Methods Rats were fed either on a normal rodent diet ( group N) or a high-cholesterol supplemented diet ( group H; 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid) for 8 weeks. Half of the animals ( n = 6) from each diet group were then given a tail vein injection of 60% diatrizoate (6 ml/kg; group NC and group HC)and the other half were administered saline. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine,creatinine clearance rate, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and cortical nitric oxide production were determined one day following contrast media administration. Renal blood flow was determined by color Doppler flow imaging and pulsed-mode Doppler. Renal histopathology was observed by light microscopy.Results Total serum cholesterol and resistance indices of renal blood vessels increased significantly,while creatinine clearance rate and production of nitric oxide in the renal cortex decreased markedly in group HC and group H when compared to group N and group NC. The creatinine clearance rate decreased significantly in group HC compared to group H. Serum creatinine levels and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium in group HC were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. Severe tubular degeneration and necrosis, protein cast accumulation, and medullary congestion were found in group HC.Conclusion Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for contrast media-induced nephropathy.Hypercholesterolemia aggravates contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity through the reduced production of nitric oxide.     

果胶对大鼠心脑及血管组织脂类含量和脂质过氧化的影响

①目的探讨膳食纤维对机体脂质代谢和脂质过氧化的影响。②方法用含胆固醇１％，豆油１５％的高脂饲料喂饲健康雄性大鼠，诱发高脂血症的同时添加１０％果胶，观察其对大鼠生长发育，主动脉、心、脑组织中脂类与脂质过氧化物含量的影响。③结果添加果胶能明显减轻总胆固醇（ＴＣ）和甘油三酯（ＴＧ）在主动脉壁内的蓄积，主动脉内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量较对照组明显降低，超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）升高（ｔ＝２．９１６，２．３６２，Ｐ＜０．０５）。果胶组大鼠心肌中ＴＣ和脑组织中ＴＧ较对照组明显降低（ｔ＝２．４７９，７．６５３，Ｐ＜０．０５），但心肌中ＴＧ和脑组织中ＴＣ差别不明显，同时心、脑中ＭＤＡ，ＳＯＤ两组间亦无差别（ｔ＝１．０２０，０．９４１，Ｐ＞０．０５）。果胶在１０％添加水平对大鼠摄食及生长无明显影响。④结论膳食纤维有降低心脑及血管组织脂质含量和脂质过氧化的作用。     

纤维素、果胶、琼脂对大鼠血脂水平的影响

本文观察了纤维素、果胶、琼脂对高胆固醇膳大鼠血脂水平的影响,发现果胶和纤维素组自实验开始后2周末、琼脂组于6周末有明显降低血清总胆固醇作用.血清甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及其亚组分在各组间无显著差异,但纤维素组和果胶组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与血清总胆固醇比值明显高于对照组.     

Influences of refined konjac meal on the levels of tissue lipids and the absorption of four minerals in rats

This paper reports a study on the hypocholesterolemic effect of the refined konjac meal (RKM) containing about 80% glucomannan prepared from the tubers of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, 5 weeks old, were divided into five groups and fed a normal basal diet, a hypercholesterolemic diet (control diet), and three test diets (RKM added to the control diet at levels of 2.5, 5, and 10%, respectively) for 12 weeks. The results obtained indicate that RKM could markedly lower the cholesterol levels in the serum and the liver of rats eating hypercholesterolemic diets. At the end of the 4th week of feeding experiment, the serum cholesterol levels in the 5 and the 10% RKM groups and the liver cholesterol level in the 10% RKM group were significantly lower than those in the control groups. At the end of the 12th week, the serum cholesterol levels of all the three RKM groups were lowered to a normal level as was the liver cholesterol level of the 10% RKM group. The lipotropic effect of RKM was also confirmed by histopathologic examination of the livers. In addition to the hypocholesterolemic effects, RKM diets also increased stool bulk. Minor effects on the absorption and utilization of Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu were found.     

叶酸对高脂血症状态下缺血性血管新生的改善作用

目的检验口服叶酸能否改善高脂血症(HC)对缺血组织血管新生的抑制。方法雄性大鼠54只,随机分为对照组、HC组和HC 叶酸(F)组,每组18只。用手术的方法结扎大鼠左侧股动、静脉,观察其缺血下肢的血管新生情况。结果术后14 d血流仪分析显示:HC组缺血/非缺血下肢血流比值较对照组明显下降;毛细血管评分记数和毛细血管密度均表明HC组明显低于对照组;而HC F组均较HC组明显升高;上述结果与组织中一氧化氮(NO)和环磷酸鸟酸(cGMP)含量变化有关。结论HC对下肢缺血性血管新生和侧枝血管的建立有明显的抑制作用,口服叶酸能够使被抑制的缺血性血管新生得以恢复。     

Protective effect of Arthrospira maxima on fatty acid composition in fatty liver

BACKGROUND: Arthrospira maxima has been widely used for nutritional purposes. Additionally, A. maxima has shown immunomodulator, antiviral, antioxidant, vasomotor and hypolipidemic effects in laboratory and animal studies. A. maxima prevents fatty liver induced by either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or fructose-rich diet; however, the liver lipid composition in these models is not clearly known yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of A. maxima on the liver lipid profile in CCl4-induced steatohepatitis. METHODS: A single sublethal, intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 was administered to male Wistar rats fed a diet with or without 5% A. maxima. Liver lipids: total lipids, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were assessed 24 and 48 h after injury with CCl4. Additionally, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase were evaluated in blood. RESULTS: Forty eight hours after CCl4 treatment, rats fed a diet without A. maxima had serum aspartate aminotransferase and liver triacylglycerols values that were, respectively, 2.2 and 1.4 times higher than those of animals receiving 5% A. maxima in their diet. The same pattern was observed for liver free fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The groups fed a diet with A. maxima and treated with CCl4 showed a higher saturated fatty acid liver content than the groups without A. maxima in their diet. The percentage of unsaturated fatty acids increased 48 h after CCl4 treatment, but its value was 0.5 times lower in the group receiving A. maxima than in the group fed without A. maxima. In the liver, all animals receiving A. maxima showed a trend towards a lower percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, despite the mentioned increase 48 h after CCl4 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that, in the fatty liver induced by CCl4, the hepatoprotective effect of A. maxima involves (a) an antioxidant mechanism and (b) a lower unsaturation of the liver fatty acids. The preventive effect of A. maxima on the liver lipid changes induced by CCl4 could be partially explained by its antioxidant action and the ability to increase the synthesis/release of nitric oxide, but not by its soluble dietary fiber.     

兔胆囊结石成石过程中脂代谢的变化及高密度脂蛋白制剂对其影响的研究

为研究高胆固醇膳食诱发兔胆囊胆固醇结石模型的脂代谢变化,以及高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）对其脂代谢及成石的影响,将动物随机分为对照组、高胆固醇膳食组及高胆固醇膳食＋ＨＤＬ注射组,观察各组血浆脂质、胆汁中胆固醇、血卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性及血和胆汁中胆汁酸及成石率的变化。结果显示：动物体内胆固醇等脂质的消除障碍导致体内脂质的大量堆积以及清除紊乱,是高胆固醇膳食诱发兔胆囊结石脂代谢变化的主要特点,胆汁中胆固醇与胆汁酸的清除比例失调可能导致成石性胆汁形成;尽管外源性ＨＤＬ制剂能够升高血浆ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ的比值,增加ＬＣＡＴ的活性从而促使ＨＤＬ成熟,并能降低肝脏的胆固醇含量,但未能降低成石率。结果表明外源性ＨＤＬ制剂对兔胆囊结石形成中脂代谢有一定的影响,但抗成石作用不明显