Endoscopic management and follow up of Dieulafoy lesion in the upper gastrointestinal tract

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Dieulafoy's lesion is an important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and the safety and efficacy of endoscopic treatment have been widely accepted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic management, including hemoclipping and injection methods, for bleeding Dieulafoy lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003, 61 patients with bleeding Dieulafoy lesions underwent endoscopic treatment. The available hemostatic methods were hemoclipping, hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection, and pure ethanol injection. Clinical data, endoscopic features, and treatment outcome were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Comorbid conditions were present in 39 patients (64 %). Active bleeding was noted in 20 patients (33 %). Hemoclipping was a selected treatment in 48 patients (79 %). Initial hemostasis was achieved in 61 patients (100 %). One patient had rebleeding 6 days after the initial procedure but was successfully treated endoscopically. The 30-day mortality was 0 %. During follow-up, for a mean of 47 months, 15 patients (25 %) died of causes unrelated to the Dieulafoy lesion. Two patients had recurrent bleeding due to non-Dieulafoy gastric ulcer, and responded to endoscopic therapy. We encountered no patients who required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Dieulafoy lesion can be successfully managed by endoscopic treatment. The long-term outcome is acceptable.     

内镜下注射硬化剂治疗非静脉曲张消化道出血的临床研究

目的探讨内镜下注射硬化剂治疗非静脉曲张消化道出血的疗效。方法按照随机抽样原则,从因呕血和／或黑便在我院消化内科住院并行内镜下止血治疗的患者中,随机抽取160例患者,预先设计随机数字表,根据随机数字表将病例随机分为治疗组（A组,80例）和对照组（B组,80例）,治疗组采用内镜下注射硬化剂（常用1％乙氧硬化醇）止血治疗,对照组采用内镜下注射1：100000肾上腺素治疗,观察两组患者的首次止血成功率、再出血率、外科手术率、住院天数、死亡率,两组患者均由同一位医师操作完成。结果内镜下注射硬化剂组首次止血成功率为97％,内镜下注射肾上腺素组首次止血成功率为94％,P〉0．05。内镜下注射硬化剂组再出血发生率11％,内镜下注射肾上腺素组再出血发生率27％,P〈0．05。两组患者的外科手术率、住院天数和死亡率,差别没有统计学意义。结论内镜下注射硬化剂治疗非静脉曲张消化道出血的疗效优于内镜下注射肾上腺素。     

Evaluation of endoscopic hemostasis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to Mallory-Weiss syndrome

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The endoscopic hemostatic method has been introduced as a safe and effective mechanical approach to hemostasis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS). However, the indications for when to use endoscopic treatment are debatable because many patients need only medical observation. The study was designed to evaluate the necessity and efficacy of endoscopic hemostasis in upper gastrointestinal bleeding related to MWS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 1994 to May 2000, we conducted a clinical trial in 76 patients who were found by endoscopy to have active bleeding (I, spurting; II, oozing), protruding visible vessels (III), and/or adherent clots (IV). Two study periods can be differentiated: in the first 3 years endoscopic treatment (n = 30) was prospectively analyzed and in the final 3 years medical treatment (n = 46) was analyzed in both cases to compare the outcome in MWS bleeding II-IV. In the first study period, in addition, endoscopic treatment was randomised to an injection method, using a mixture of hypertonic saline and epinephrine (HSE) (n = 14) and a hemoclipping or band ligation method (n = 16). RESULTS: Rebleeding was observed in four of 14 patients who had received endoscopic hemostasis with HSE injection and one of 46 patients who had been managed with medical treatment. No rebleeding was found following hemoclipping or band ligation. While all rebleeding was in bleeding stigmata of the I (1) and II (4) grades, there was no rebleeding in protruding visible vessels (III) or in adherent clots (IV), regardless of treatment methods. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that endoscopic hemostasis is not necessary in patients without active bleeding stigmata, and the mechanical hemostatic method is more effective than HSE injection in patients with active bleeding stigmata.     

Endoscopic hemoclipping using a transparent cap in technically difficult cases

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Technical difficulties have been experienced in endoscopic hemoclipping on the posterior wall of the body of the stomach because the angle of approach is tangential. It has been suggested that the use of a transparent cap on the tip of the endoscope could help to solve this problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of endoscopic hemoclipping using a transparent cap over the tip of the endoscope. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 74 patients with a bleeding peptic ulcer or stigmata of recent hemorrhage underwent endoscopic hemoclipping. Technical difficulty in hemoclipping was experienced in 18 patients and the transparent cap was used in these cases. We therefore conducted a nonrandomized prospective study to compare bleeding control with the hemoclip with and without the aid of a transparent cap. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the patients treated with the cap and those treated without the cap with regard to the initial hemostasis rate (94.4 % vs. 91.1 %), the rebleeding rate (11.7 % vs. 11.8 %), or the permanent hemostasis rate (94.4 % vs. 96.4 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no statistically significant difference between patients treated with or without a transparent cap, hemoclipping with the aid of the cap made it possible to clip a lesion too tangential to be clipped without it. However, this study did not compare conventional hemoclipping with hemoclipping using a cap because the cap was only used in cases in which conventional clipping had failed.     

内镜注射在治疗Dieulafoy病活动性出血的应用

目的观察内镜下黏膜内注射硬化剂治疗Dieulafoy病活动性出血的治疗效果。方法经胃镜检查而确诊的Dieulafoy病合并活动性出血的病人23例，在内镜下用注射针经内镜活检孔至出血部位，在出血部位周围1，2mm处注射3～5点，每点5为5．00％鱼肝油酸钠或1．00％乙氧硬化醇0．5～1．0ml，其中用5．00％鱼肝油酸钠11例，1．00％乙氧硬化醇12例。结果止血成功率达95．65％(22／23)。需要第二次内镜治疗成功者3例(0．13％)治疗失败者1例(占0．04％)。结论内镜下注射治疗可作为Dieulafoy病活动性出血的首选治疗方法之一进行推广应用。     

Hemodynamic efficacy of the new resolution clip device in comparison with high-volume injection therapy in spurting bleeding: a prospective experimental trial using the compactEASIE simulator

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Peptic ulcers are the most frequent cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The use of hemoclips has become established as an effective form of treatment in addition to injection therapy. However, hemoclips have not previously been compared with injection therapy in an experimental setting using objective parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, and controlled trial, the disposable Resolution hemoclip device (Boston Scientific, n = 40) was compared with conventional injection therapy (n = 40) in an experimental setting, using the compactEASIE simulator equipped with an upper gastrointestinal organ package to simulate bleeding. Four investigators with different levels of endoscopic experience participated in the study. On a randomized basis, each investigator treated 20 bleeding sites either by applying one clip (n = 10) or by carrying out high-volume four-quadrant injection (4 x 10 ml saline) of a spurting vessel. The efficacy of the hemostasis was assessed by continuous measurement of pressure within the afferent vessel before and after clip application or injection therapy and calculating the relative reduction in the vessel's diameter with each treatment method. The system pressure was recorded 1 min before and 1 min after treatment. The ease of application of each method was rated by the endoscopist and by the assisting nurse using a visual analogue scale (0 - 100, with 100 being best). RESULTS: All of the 40 hemoclipping and injection treatments were carried out successfully. Both methods led to a significant increase in peak pressure (Resolution clip 71.8 +/- 66.8 mm Hg, P < 0.001; injection 71.9 +/- 53.8 mm Hg, P < 0.001), representing a significant relative reduction in the vessel diameter. There were no significant differences in peak pressure between the two treatments ( P = 0.995). The mean increase in pressure during the first minute after the intervention (clip 49.3 +/- 67.0 mm Hg vs. injection 19.9 +/- 41.6 mm Hg) was significantly greater with the hemoclipping procedure ( P = 0.021). More experienced investigators achieved a greater increase in system pressure, but the difference was not significant. The assessments of the ease of application by the assistants (84 +/- 13) and endoscopists (86 +/- 16) did not show any significant differences ( P = 0.402) for the clipping device. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences between the two treatment methods were detected with regard to the immediate efficacy of hemostasis. However, long-term hemostasis was better with hemoclipping. The endoscopist's level of experience also appears to play a role, particularly when hemoclips are used.     

Endoscopic hemostasis in sphincterotomy-induced hemorrhage: its efficacy and safety.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Hemorrhage is induced in approximately 0.5-12% of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (ES) procedures. We prospectively investigated the risk factors for ES-induced hemorrhage and evaluated the safety as well as the effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 1304 patients who underwent ES between July 1996 and June 1998. Epinephrine spray was used initially for hemostatic treatment. If bleeding persisted, an epinephrine injection was given consecutively. In patients with exposed vessels, epinephrine injection followed by alcohol injection was given. RESULTS: ES-induced hemorrhage occurred in 136 (10.4%) patients. The type of sphincterotome used (needle-knife sphincterotome, P=0.025) and the cutting speed (the so-called "zipper" cut, P = 0.049) were revealed as significant variables with regard to the occurrence of bleeding. Mild, moderate, and severe bleeding were noted in 108 (79.4%), 22 (16.2%), and six (4.4%) patients, respectively. Once bleeding occurred, patients with an associated ampullary lesion (impacted stone or cancer) or with coagulopathy were more likely to bleed profusely. Initial hemostasis was achieved in all patients. However, rebleeding occurred in eight patients who were initially classified as having moderate or severe bleeding. Finally, ES-induced hemorrhage was successfully controlled in all patients after 1-3 treatment sessions (mean 1.1 sessions). The difference in the incidence of complications between the groups treated or not treated by endoscopic hemostasis was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: ES-induced hemorrhage occurred in 10% of the patients studied. The use of needle-knife sphincterotomy and the cutting speed were independent risk factors for the occurrence of bleeding. Once bleeding occurred, its severity was affected by an associated ampullary lesion (impacted stone or cancer) or coagulopathy. Endoscopic hemostasis with epinephrine and/or alcohol was effective and safe in ES-induced hemorrhage.     

胃镜下金属钛夹治疗Dieulafoy病变出血的临床研究

目的探讨胃镜下金属钛夹治疗Dieulafoy病变出血的临床效果。方法 34例Dieulafoy病变出血患者随机分为两组,观察组采用胃镜下放置金属钛夹治疗,对照组采用硬化剂注射治疗,比较观两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组患者在早期止血率、远期止血率、转外科手术率以及住院时间方面差异均无显著性(P>0.05),观察组再出血率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃镜下放置金属钛夹治疗Dieulafoy病变出血是一种积极有效地方法,对预防再出血具有较大的优势。     

A prospective, randomized trial of endoscopic band ligation versus endoscopic hemoclip placement for bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, most commonly in the proximal stomach. Mechanical endoscopic methods have recently become the standard therapeutic approach. However, there have been few studies comparing the efficacy of different mechanical endoscopic methods in treating gastric Dieulafoy's lesions. This study was therefore carried out to compare the hemostatic efficacy and safety of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and endoscopic hemoclip placement (EHP) in the treatment of bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2002 and October 2003, 26 consecutive patients with bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions were prospectively enrolled and were randomly assigned to undergo EBL (13 patients) or EHP (13 patients). Demographic characteristics, endoscopic variables, and outcome parameters, including rates of hemostasis and recurrent bleeding, were analyzed. RESULTS: One O-ring was applied in each case in the EBL group, and the median number of hemoclips applied was one (range one to four) in the EHP group. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to age, sex, presence of shock, initial hemoglobin level, coagulopathy, concurrent diseases, location of the lesion, type of bleeding stigmata, blood transfusion requirements, or hospitalization periods. Primary hemostasis was achieved in all 26 patients. There was one case of recurrent bleeding in each group; secondary hemostasis was achieved with EBL in one of these patients and by endoscopic epinephrine injection in the other. There were no second episodes of recurrent bleeding, no procedure-related complications, no cases in which surgery was needed, and no bleeding-related deaths in either group. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study, no differences were detected in the efficacy or the safety of EBL vs. EHP in the management of bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions.     

Randomized trial of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate compared with injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine in the endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Theoretically, the injection of cyanoacrylate may be effective for peptic ulcer bleeding, but randomized clinical trials are rare. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) and hypertonic saline-epinephrine (HSE) in the endoscopic treatment of major peptic ulcer hemorrhage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 126 patients with major peptic ulcer hemorrhage and active bleeding or a nonbleeding visible vessel were randomly allocated to endoscopic injection with HSE (63 patients; group 1) or to injection with Histoacryl (63 patients; group 2). The two groups were well matched for age, sex, initial hemoglobin values, ulcer size and location, and bleeding stigmata. RESULTS: Initial hemostasis was achieved in 58 cases (92.1%) in group 1 and in 60 cases (95.2%) in group 2 (P=0.717). Rebleeding rates were 16 of 58 in group 1 and seven of 60 in group 2 (P=0.051). There were no significant differences regarding the rates of permanent hemostasis (51 of 63 in group 1 vs. 57 of 63 in group 2, P=0.203), emergency surgery (seven of 58 in group 1 vs. three of 60 in group 2, P=0.200), or hospital mortality due to bleeding (0 in group 1 and 0 in group 2). With regard to the rebleeding rate, there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in the subgroup with active arterial bleeding (11 of 26 in group 1 and four of 29 in group 2, P=0.039) but not in the subgroup with a nonbleeding visible vessel (five of 32 in group 1 and three of 31 in group 2, P=0.708). There were no statistically significant differences in hemostatic results between the two treatment groups in the subgroups with gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcers. Although no complications followed HSE therapy, arterial embolization with infarction occurred in two patients in the Histoacryl group, of whom one died. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with HSE injection, Histoacryl injection showed no statistically significant differences in hemostatic results, except for decreasing the rebleeding rate in the patients with active arterial bleeding. However, the use of Histoacryl to control peptic ulcer bleeding should be reserved as a last resort before surgery, because of possible embolic complication.     

硬化剂注射治疗胃Dieulafoy病

目的：评价硬化剂注射对胃内Dieulafoy病的治疗效果。方法：对16例胃内Dieulafoy病引起上消化道出血的患者进行内镜下硬化剂注射治疗。并对临床及治疗效果进行分析。结果：15例患者经注射后上血成功。一次注射止血成功者13例（81．2％）。再次注射上血成功者2例,（13．3％）。由于活动出血未能控制而需手术治疗者1例。随访1年,无一例再发生出血。结论胃Dieulafoy病引起的出血可以成功地采用内镜下注射硬化剂止血,该方法简单且疗效良好,临床上值得首先选用。     

High-risk ED patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage undergoing emergency or urgent endoscopy: a retrospective analysis

OBJECTIVES: The optimal timing of interventional endoscopy within the initial 24 hours remains controversial. We designed a retrospective study to compare the outcomes between emergency endoscopy (EE) and urgent endoscopy (UE) for high-risk patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage presenting to the emergency department (ED). METHODS: The medical records of 189 patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage who underwent endoscopy within 24 hours of admission to the ED were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: EE group (<8 hours) or UE group (8-24 hours). We compared the endoscopic findings, hemostatic procedures, rate of hemostasis, rebleeding, need for transfusion, length of hospitalization, and mortality between the 2 groups. RESULTS: There were 88 patients (47%) in the EE group and 101 patients (53%) in the UE group. Ulcers with active bleeding or exposed vessel were found more frequently in the EE group than in the UE group (19% vs 8%, P = .03; 34% vs 12%, P < .001). Fifty patients had blood retention in the stomach, especially in the EE group (40% vs 15%, P < .001). Forty-four (50%) patients in the EE group and 21 (21%) patients in the UE group received endoscopic interventions. Combination modalities of endoscopic hemostasis were more commonly used in the EE group than in the UE group (40% vs 15%, P < .001). Primary hemostasis was achieved at a rate of 95% in both groups. There was no statistical difference regarding the rate of recurrent bleeding, total amount of transfusion, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although more active lesions were detected and more therapeutic attempts were performed in the EE group, the outcome showed no difference in both groups. Emergency endoscopy performed less than 8 hours after arrival to the ED showed no definite benefit in comparison with UE performed within 8 to 24 hours.     

内镜微波治疗胃贲门粘膜撕裂综合征

评价胃贲门粘膜撕裂综合征内镜波微治疗的效果。方法：将１９９３ 年１ 月～１９９９ 年１ 月收治的３４例有活动性出血的胃贲门粘膜撕裂综合征病例随机分组，实验组应用内镜微波治疗，对照组经内镜局部用药。结果：内镜微波治疗组一次止血率明显高于局部用药组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ，两者对裂伤粘膜愈合的影响无显著性差异。内镜治疗未见远期并发症。结论：内镜微波治疗胃贲门粘膜撕裂综合征治疗效果肯定，方法简便，恰当使用能避免外科手术     

Endoscopic factors predisposing to rebleeding following endoscopic hemostasis in bleeding peptic ulcers.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Various clinical and endoscopic factors have been proposed and used as predictors of endoscopic treatment failure in bleeding peptic ulcers. Recently, several endoscopic factors have been considered to be more significant than various clinical factors, except for shock. Detailed knowledge of which endoscopic factors can be classified as predictors of rebleeding following endoscopic hemostasis is needed. This study describes newly defined endoscopic variables and evaluates their usefulness as predictors of endoscopic treatment failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1996 and April 1999, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopies were carried out in 143 patients with active bleeding peptic ulcers. Nine clinical and eight endoscopic variables were studied. Endoscopic factors were classified by three types of stigmata bleeding, 14 locations, two ulcer sizes, three ulcer bases, three visible vessel colors, two ulcer depths, two margin shapes, and three endoscopic treatment methods (injection, hemoclipping, and combination). RESULTS: 36 patients experienced rebleeding (25.2 %), 11 patients needed operations (7.7 %) and five deaths occurred (3.5 %). In univariate analysis, rebleeding was significantly related to: i) presence of spurting activity (odds ratio [OR] = 4.91, P = 0.006), ii) ulcer size larger than 2 cm (OR = 2.78, P = 0.017); and iii) location in stomach (OR = 2.81, P = 0.026). Clinical variables including age, shock, and initial hemoglobin levels were not significantly related to rebleeding. In multiple logistic regression using selected significant variables, presence of spurting activity remained a significant independent predictor of rebleeding (adjusted OR = 6.48, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Our data support the hypothesis that endoscopic factors are more important than clinical ones when predicting rebleeding of peptic ulcers. Based on statistical analysis of risk factors, the ulcers most likely to rebleed after endoscopic therapy are those which are located in the stomach, are greater than 2 cm in diameter and exhibit oozing or spurting of blood.     

内镜下金属钛夹止血联合黏膜下注射肾上腺素治疗溃疡性上消化道出血的效果及对氧化应激指标的影响

目的探讨内镜下金属钛夹止血联合黏膜下注射肾上腺素治疗溃疡性上消化道出血(UGIB)的效果及对氧化应激指标的影响。方法将2016年5月至2020年5月住院治疗的86例溃疡性UGIB患者按随机抽签法分为对照组与观察组,每组43例。对照组于内镜下黏膜下注射肾上腺素,观察组在对照组基础上联合内镜下金属钛夹止血,比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的止血时间、大便潜血转阴时间、住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的AOPP、MDA、血管升压素水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论内镜下金属钛夹止血联合黏膜下注射肾上腺素治疗溃疡性UGIB可获得理想的止血效果,缩短止血时间,改善患者氧化应激指标,安全可靠。     

内镜下套扎治疗用于肝硬化胃静脉曲张出血二级预防的疗效及安全性分析

目的 通过队列研究比较两种内镜下治疗（套扎治疗vs 组织胶注射）用于胃静脉曲张出血二级预防的疗效及安全性。 方法 筛选2017年1月至2019年12月因肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张入住复旦大学附属中山医院,并行胃静脉曲张套扎治疗的患者,患者既往有食管胃静脉曲张出血史。筛选食管胃静脉曲张患者样本库同一时期行组织胶治疗的患者,并通过倾向性评分匹配筛选,共纳入118例患者。中位随访时间为24.03个月,采用单因素与多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析食管胃静脉曲张再出血影响因素。绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线比较套扎治疗与仅组织胶注射治疗的再出血及生存情况。 结果 套扎组与组织胶组患者食管胃静脉曲张根除率无明显统计学差异(82.76% vs. 78.95%, P=0.778）,而套扎组根除静脉曲张所需的内镜治疗次数（2 vs. 3次,P=0.017）及组织胶用量明显少于组织胶组（0.70 vs. 2.67 ml, P<0.001）。Cox多因素回归分析显示门体分流是食管胃静脉曲张再出血的危险因素（HR: 3.14, 95%CI: 1.02-9.68, P=0.046）,而胃曲张静脉套扎治疗是再出血的保护因素（HR: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.08-0.71, P=0.010）。相较于组织胶注射,套扎治疗并不增加患者2年食管胃静脉曲张再出血风险（18.69% vs. 36.29%, P=0.067）与死亡风险（1.69% vs. 3.39%, P=1.000）。相较于单纯组织胶治疗,GOV1型患者经套扎治疗后食管胃静脉曲张再出血风险较低（0% vs. 40.27%,P=0.012）。经过套扎治疗后GOV2 型患者食管胃静脉曲张出血风险（13.27% vs. 34.16%,P=0.056）存在降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义。 结论 对于胃静脉曲张出血的二级预防,套扎治疗根除静脉曲张效率较高,且并不增加出血、死亡等事件风险,可考虑作为胃静脉曲张患者的二级预防手段。     

内镜下注射治疗消化性溃疡出血的临床研究

目的分析比较内镜下注射1％乙氧硬化醇和内镜下注射1：100000肾上腺素治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效及安全性。方法选自2009年7月至2010年7月因呕血和（或）黑便人院,经急诊内镜检查确诊为消化性溃疡出血患者120例,随机分成治疗组和对照组各60例。治疗组采用注射1％乙氧硬化醇止血治疗,对照组采用注射1：100000肾上腺素止血治疗,两组患者均由同一位医师操作完成。结果治疗组止血成功率96．67％（58／60）,对照组止血成功率为92．98％（53／57）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗组与对照组止血成功后3h内再出血率分别为1．72％（1／58）,3．77％（2／53）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,两组3～24h内再出血率分别为3．45％（2／58）,16．98％（9／53）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组患者随访2个月再出血率分别为1．72％（1／58）,1．89％（1／53）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;随访6个月均未发现再出血。均未发现与治疗相关的并发症。两组患者的外科手术率、住院天数和死亡率差别没有统计学意义。结论内镜下注射硬化剂与肾上腺素均是治疗消化性溃疡出血的安全有效方法,并且内镜下注射乙氧硬化醇治疗。     

Life-threatening intraabdominal arterial embolization after histoacryl injection for bleeding gastric ulcer

N-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) injection has become the treatment of choice for acutely bleeding esophagogastric varices, and is the only effective option for endoscopic treatment of gastric varices. Recent reports confirm the ability of Histoacryl injection therapy to achieve immediate hemostasis in cases of gastric ulcer bleeding or Dieulafoy ulcer, where conventional endoscopic hemostatic treatment had failed. Although the overall safety record of Histoacryl injection has been relatively good, there have been scattered cases of serious complications. Here, we present two patients showing life-threatening intraabdominal arterial embolization after Histoacryl injection. They had chronic gastric ulcers with active arterial bleeding. In spite of attempts at hemostatic treatment, complete hemostasis was not achieved. We injected Histoacryl, diluted with Lipiodol, into bleeding gastric ulcers, resulting in successful hemostasis. Soon after the procedure, intraabdominal arterial embolization developed in both patients. One patient survived and the other died. Based on these experiences, we would like to warn gastrointestinal endoscopists to be alert to these fatal complications, and we propose that less diluted Histoacryl seems to be preferable in cases of bleeding peptic ulcers.     

New endoscopic hemostasis methods

Endoscopic treatment for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding has evolved over decades. Injection with diluted epinephrine is considered as a less than adequate treatment, and the current standard therapy should include second modality if epinephrine injection is used initially. Definitive hemostasis rate following mono-therapy with either thermo-coagulation or hemo-clipping compares favorably with dual therapies. The use of adsorptive powder (Hemo-spray) is a promising treatment although it needs comparative studies between hemospray and other modalities. Stronger hemo-clips with better torque control and wider span are now available. Over-the-scope clips capture a large amount of tissue and may prove useful in refractory bleeding. Experimental treatments include an endoscopic stitch device to over-sew the bleeding lesion and targeted therapy to the sub-serosal bleeding artery as guided by echo-endoscopy. Angiographic embolization of bleeding artery should be considered in chronic ulcers that fail endoscopic treatment especially in elderly patients with a major bleed manifested in hypotension.     

微孔多聚糖止血材料在消化性溃疡出血内镜治疗中的疗效及安全性观察

目的 探讨微孔多聚糖止血材料在消化性溃疡出血内镜治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法 收集内镜下诊断为消化性溃疡伴出血患者25例（观察组）,内镜下止血治疗方法为常规止血方法（机械止血、电凝止血）联合微孔多聚糖止血材料进行电动正压喷洒止血治疗,对比同期采用常规止血方法治疗的消化性溃疡伴出血患者25例（对照组）,比较2组患者5min...