4例肠道内瘘患者行转流治疗的临床分析

目的探讨转流手术在肠道内瘘治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2016年在北京大学第三医院行转流手术治疗的4例肠道内瘘患者的临床资料。结果病例1,直肠癌术后出现右侧输尿管瘘,先于膀胱镜下行右侧输尿管支架置入术,术后症状短暂缓解,后肛门溢液再次出现,且逐渐发展为右肾积水,3个月后又行右侧经皮肾造瘘术。病例2,直肠癌术后出现尿道瘘,行腹腔镜横结肠双腔造瘘术。病例3,乙状结肠憩室炎导致结肠膀胱瘘,行腹腔镜探查、开腹膀胱后壁分离、膀胱瘘修补、结肠修补及末端回肠双腔造瘘术。病例4,盆腔肿瘤复发导致小肠阴道瘘,行腹腔镜末端回肠双腔造瘘术。4例患者术后1周内原有症状消失,手术效果良好。术后随访3个月~1年,病例1和病例4肿瘤原位复发;病例2于术后6个月行经肛门尿道修补手术成功;病例3于术后6个月时瘘口愈合,行造瘘口还纳术。结论转流手术治疗肠道内瘘具有重要价值,但应严格把握适应证,并重视术后随访。     

结、直肠癌肠穿孔的外科诊治探讨

目的 探讨结肠癌和直肠癌并发肠穿孔的外科诊治方法 .方法 分析13例结直肠癌并发肠穿孔患者的临床资料.结果 13例患者中4例行肿瘤所在肠段一期切除吻合术;4例行一期病灶切除吻合术,近端肠段行外置双管造瘘术;2例切除肿瘤所在肠段,近端行端式结肠造瘘术,远端行封闭(Hartmann)术;3例行单纯肠造瘘术.术后并发症发生率为46.15%(6/13),手术死亡率为15.38%(2/13).结论 重视对结直肠癌并发肠穿孔的认识及选择合适的手术方式是减少并发症、提高疗效的重要措施.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口漏的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口漏的原因及防治措施.方法:回顾分析为45例低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜保肛手术的临床资料.结果:45例手术均获成功,无一例死亡.术后3例发生吻合口漏,占6.7％.2例经局部引流、进食、肠外营养等保守治疗痊愈出院;1例行远端封闭,降结肠造瘘术(Hartman术式).结论:低位直肠癌患者...     

结直肠癌患者肠造口术后辅助化疗对造口并发症的影响

目的:探讨结直肠癌患者肠造口术后辅助化疗对造口并发症的影响。方法:选择2017年1月至2022年6月我院收治的60例结直肠癌肠造口术后辅助化疗者(观察组)以及同期60例术后未行辅助化疗者(对照组),比较2组患者术后7d及3个月造口周围皮肤状况、造口功能情况。结果:2组术后7 d结肠造口、回肠单腔造口、回肠双腔造口周围皮肤状况评分及造口功能评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月，2组除结肠造口周围皮肤状况评分无明显变化(P>0.05)外，回肠单腔造口、回肠双腔造口周围皮肤健康状况评分及结肠造口、回肠单腔造口、回肠双腔造口功能评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且观察组评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:结直肠癌患者肠造口术后辅助化疗对造口会产生一定负面影响，如造口功能下降、造口皮肤并发症增多等。     

结直肠癌合并肠梗阻临床分析

目的分析结直肠癌合并肠梗阻的临床特点和探讨手术方法的选择。方法1996年2月～2004年2月共收治结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻106例，其中右侧结肠35例，横结肠7例，左侧结肠43例，直肠21例；Dukes B期41例，C期46例，D期19例。根据患者不同情况分别行一期手术和分期手术。结果共发生吻合口漏8例：左侧结肠6例，直肠2例，均为一期手术。对其中4例行近端结肠造瘘，2例行Hartmann手术，2例经保守治愈。左侧结肠癌分期手术17例均于术后3个月左右关闭造瘘口。4例横结肠造瘘中1例行二期切除。直肠癌行结肠造瘘11例中8例行二期切除。全组死亡2例：1例术后并发多器官功能不全综合征(NODS)，另1例术后并发吻合口漏致中毒性休克。结论(1)结直肠癌合并肠梗阻临床特点是：①左侧结肠梗阻多见；②晚期病例多见；③老年患者多见。(2)外科治疗的原则是解除梗阻，尽量切除肿瘤。应根据患者的具体情况选择合适的手术方式，一期手术尤其是左侧结肠的适应证要严格掌握。     

腹腔镜在肠造口中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜下肠造口的可行性和安全性.方法:2008年7月至2010年7月施行腹腔镜肠造口术33例,术后8例行造口还纳术.结果:单腔造口26例,双腔造口7例.结肠造口29例,小肠造口4例.造口时间35～94min,平均60min;术中出血5～20ml,平均10ml.33例术后随访1～12个月,无造口狭窄、回缩等并发...     

预防性回肠造口在腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

为评价预防性回肠造口在腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛术中应用的安全性和有效性,回顾性分析113例腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛并行预防性回肠造口患者的临床资料。结果显示,113例患者均行根治性手术,并预防性末段回肠双腔造口,术后3月造瘘口还纳。术后并发症:吻合口漏4例,肠梗阻9例,造瘘口旁疝1例,切口感染3例。随访3~24月,吻合口处肿瘤复发1例。结果表明,预防性回肠造口在腹腔镜超低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用安全、有效,显著降低术后吻合口瘘发生率。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术手术技术的探讨

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的手术技术,包括手术的整体配合、手术路径等.方法:回顾分析为60例结直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的全过程.结果:60例均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无一例中转开腹.其中直肠癌根治术35例,包括Miles术式5例,直肠癌晚期姑息性乙状结肠造瘘2例,直肠腺瘤局部肠管切除1例,结肠癌根治术20例,...     

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目的探讨应用回肠蕈状双腔造口预防腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除(TME)术后吻合口漏的可行性。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2010年3月辽宁省肿瘤医院大肠外科应用回肠蕈状双腔造口术预防腹腔镜TME术后吻合口漏的65例(造口组)及同期未行预防性造口的腹腔镜直肠癌TME手术85例(未造口组)病人临床资料。腹腔镜下完成低位或超低位吻合后,造口组于距回盲瓣30～40cm处回肠于右髂前上棘与脐连线外1/3处行双腔造口,回肠沿与纵轴垂直方向切开达1/2周,近端做蕈状乳头高于皮肤0.5cm,远端回肠平坦式缝合于皮肤。骶前放置双腔引流管。术后3～5个月闭瘘。未造口组仅骶前放置双腔引流管。结果造口组病人粪便转流彻底。无造口周围皮肤严重腐蚀与不耐受,无死亡病例,无吻合口漏。未造口组5例出现吻合口漏,3例4～8周后愈合,2例行手术造口治疗后治愈,无死亡病例。结论应用回肠蕈状双腔造口术预防腹腔镜直肠癌TME术后吻合口漏是可行的,造口护理方便,闭瘘创伤小,粪便转流彻底。     

腹腔镜技术在直肠癌的临床应用(附9例报告)

目的总结腹腔镜技术在直肠癌的临床应用。方法收集我科2005年1～8月期间收治的9例直肠癌行腹腔镜手术患者的临床资料,男4例,女5例,年龄36～78岁,平均56岁。9例术前明确诊断为直肠癌,其中5例行根治术(4例行Dixon术,1例行Miles术),4例晚期直肠癌行姑息手术(乙状结肠双腔造瘘)。结果全组均成功完成手术,术中无大出血、无输血,无手术并发症,手术时间40～360min,平均160min,术后下床活动时间24～48h,肠功能恢复时间24～60h。结论只要掌握腹腔镜高级操作技术,具备腹腔镜重要手术器械,注重无瘤技术,直肠癌腹腔镜手术是可行、有效的,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治预防性肠造口的临床特点与护理对策

目的：探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治行预防性肠造口术的临床特点及其并发症的护理对策。方法将151例腹腔镜直肠癌根治术患者分为 A 组和 B 组进行对比研究,A 组75例行预防性横结肠造口,B 组76例行预防性末端回肠造口,观察两组的临床特点及其并发症,并采取相应的护理对策。结果两组在并发症的发生率比较差异上有统计学意义,A 组的造口脱垂、造口周围感染发生率高于B 组,而造口狭窄、造口粪水性皮炎、造口回缩的发生率低于 B 组。经过积极治疗和护理后,两组患者均痊愈出院。结论根据横结肠造口和末端回肠造口的特点,分别采取针对性护理措施,可以帮助患者促进康复、改善预后。     

Managing acute colorectal obstruction by "bridge stenting" to laparoscopic surgery: Our experience

AIM: To verify the clinical results of the endoscopic stenting procedure for colorectal obstructions followed by laparoscopic colorectal resection with “one stage anastomosis”.METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2009 in our surgical department, 48 patients underwent endoscopic stenting for colorectal occlusive lesion: 30 males (62.5%) and 18 females (37.5%) with an age range from 40 years to 92 years (median age 69.5). All patients enrolled in our study were diagnosed with an intestinal obstruction originating from the colorectal tract without bowel perforation signs. Obstruction was primitive colorectal cancer in 45 cases (93.7%) and benign anastomotic stricture in 3 cases (6.3%).RESULTS: Surgical resection was totally laparoscopic in 69% of cases (24 patients) while 17% (6 patients) of cases were video-assisted due to the local extension of cancer with infiltrations of surrounding structures (urinary bladder in 2 cases, ileus and iliac vessels in the others). In 14% of cases (5 patients), resection was performed by open surgery due to the high American Society of Anesthesiologists score and the elderly age of patients (median age of 89 years). We performed a terminal stomy in only 7 patients out of 35, 6 colostomies and one ileostomy (in a total colectomy). In the other 28 cases (80%), we performed bowel anastomosis at the same time as resection, employing a temporary ileostomy only in 5 cases.CONCLUSION: Colorectal stenting transforms an emergency operation in to an elective operation performable in a totally laparoscopic manner, limiting the confection of colostomy with its correlated complications.     

结直肠癌并肠梗阻158例临床治疗分析

目的 探讨结直肠癌合并肠梗阻的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析158例结直肠癌合并肠梗阻病人的手术处理方法和治疗效果.结果 右半结肠梗阻48例,行一期切除吻合44例,行回肠造口术4例.其余110例低位梗阻病人中,行一期切除吻合65例,行Miles术16例,行Hartmarm术16例,行结肠造口术13例.术后低位梗阻一期切除吻...     

Laparoscopic colostomy, indications and technical notes

The aim of this article was to review the main indications of laparoscopic colostomy. A series of 9 patients is reported, stressing the technical steps of laparoscopic colostomy. The laparoscopic approach in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer permit to avoidance mayor laparotomy. In conclusion this technique appears safe, feasible and effective.     

急性结直肠癌性梗阻的治疗策略

目的 探讨结直肠癌引起急性肠梗阻的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析结直肠癌性肠梗阻26例临床资料,复习手术术式及相关文献.结果 右侧结肠梗阻行根治性右半结肠切除术9例.左侧结直肠癌性梗阻17例：12例行一期根治性切除,其中4例行一期吻合,8例行Hartmann术;3例行梗阻近侧结肠造口术;1例直肠癌并升结肠绞窄行右半结肠切除＋乙状结肠造口术;1例拒绝手术.术后2例死于MODS,1例并发炎症性肠梗阻经保守治疗痊愈;病程中合并脓毒性休克、MODS 3例,肺部感染5例,心脏疾病2例;低蛋白血症16例.结论 右侧结肠癌性梗阻可一期切除吻合,左侧结直肠癌性梗阻应遵循损伤控制理论,先行肠减压或清除腹腔炎性渗液,减少毒素吸收以控制病情进一步加重,再根据病情选择有效、安全的术式.术后加强抗感染和营养支持治疗.     

结直肠癌的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的可行性。方法:回顾分析2008年9月至2010年6月我院为118例患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的临床资料。其中直肠癌71例,降结肠癌18例,升结肠癌29例;腹腔镜直肠癌切除术71例,腹腔镜左半结肠切除术18例,腹腔镜右半结肠切除术29例。结果:118例均成功完成腹腔镜手术,手术时间2~4h,术中出血50~100ml,无十二指肠、输尿管损伤及死亡病例,围手术期无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌安全可行,患者创伤小,康复快,能达到根治目的。     

基层医院开展腹腔镜结直肠手术的体会(附10例报告)

目的:探讨基层医院开展腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的可行性和安全性。方法:2006年6月至11月我院为10例患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌手术,其中乙状结肠切除术3例,Dixon手术5例,Miles手术2例。结果:10例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间210min,术中平均出血180ml,术后肠道功能恢复时间平均28h,术后平均住院9d,淋巴结清扫数5~16枚。无手术死亡、中转开腹及并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌具有创伤小,出血少,肠功能恢复快,住院时间短,术后并发症少等优点。只要能熟练掌握结直肠解剖特性,开展腹腔镜结直肠癌手术是安全可行的。     

Management of obstructive colorectal cancer with endoscopic stenting followed by single-stage surgery: open or laparoscopic resection?

BACKGROUND: About one-third of patients with colorectal carcinoma present with acute colonic obstruction requiring emergency surgery. Current surgical options are intraoperative lavage and resection of the colonic segment involved with primary anastomosis, subtotal colectomy with primary anastomosis, colostomy followed by resection, and resection of the colonic segment involved with end colostomy (Hartmann's procedure) requiring a second operation to reconstruct the colon. These procedures present risks and a poor quality of life. Endoscopic colonic stent insertion can effectively decompress the obstructed colon, allowing bowel preparation and elective resection. METHODS: The authors present their experience managing 31 patients with obstructing colorectal cancer who underwent endoscopic colonic decompression with self-expanding metallic stents. A total of 16 patients were treated with open resection, and 6 underwent a laparoscopic resection. The remaining 9 patients were managed with endoscopic palliation and adjuvant therapy. Of the 31 patients, 17 were treated with postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: The mean interval between stenting and surgery was 11 days (range, 1-21 days). There was no intraoperative morbidity. The incidence of postoperative morbidity was 20% for open surgery and 0% for laparoscopic surgery. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 13 days for the open surgery group, and 7 days for the laparoscopic group (p = 0.003). The hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. Follow-up evaluation was completed for 96% of the patients. The minimum follow-up period was 15 months. All the patients in the palliative group died of disease, with a median survival of 3 months. Of the 22 surgically treated patients, 17 (77%) are alive at this writing. CONCLUSION: This initial experience shows that after successful endoscopic stenting of malignant colorectal obstruction, elective surgical resection can be performed safely. The presence of the endoluminal stent does not prevent a laparoscopic approach. The combined endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures are a less invasive alternative to the multistage open operations and offer a faster recovery.     

单孔腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤手术实践经验及技巧

通过回顾应用单孔腹腔镜行结直肠肿瘤的手术治疗,包括乙状结肠切除术、右半结肠切除术、横结肠切除术、直肠癌前根治术、结肠造瘘术等术式。总结单孔条件下手术操作的特点和规律,探讨单孔腹腔镜行结直肠肿瘤手术的经验及技巧。结果显示各种术式操作顺利,取得满意的微创和美容效果。单孔腹腔镜结直肠手术是可行的,并具有其独有的特点。     

高龄大肠癌外科治疗56例分析

目的探讨高龄大肠癌外科治疗与围手术期处理的有关问题。方法回顾分析2005年6月至2010年6月手术治疗的56例75岁以上高龄大肠癌病例。手术切除50例（89．2％）,其中根治性切除37例（66．1％）,姑息性切除13例（23．2％）,单纯结肠造瘘术6例（10．7％）。结果术后并发症16例（28．6％）,无围手术期死亡。结论充分针对高龄患者特点的围手术期处理、合理选择手术方式是减少高龄大肠癌术后并发症和病死率、改善生存质量的关键。