高考焦虑问卷的编制与信效度检验

目的编制适合我国国情的高考焦虑问卷并对其进行信度和效度检验,为高考焦虑研究提供测评工具。方法采用自编的高考焦虑问卷对283名高三学生进行问卷调查。结果因素分析结果表明,高考焦虑问卷包含高考焦虑心理反应、焦虑来源和焦虑躯体反应3个因子,这3个因子可以解释总体方差的47.8%,表明结构效度较高;3个分量表与总量表的相关系数在0.663~0.936之间,表明内容效度较高;分量表之间的相关系数在0.473~0.738之间,低于与总分之间的相关,表明结构效度较高;总量表及3个分量表的a系数分别为0.947 6,0.915 3,0.909 7,0.722 5,Spearman-Brown分半信度为0.886 4,0.891 3,0.911 4,0.673 3,信度指标较高。结论高考焦虑问卷的信度效度指标较好,可为国内高考焦虑的研究提供有效评估工具。     

青少年日常烦恼问卷修订版的信效度检验

目的 对青少年日常烦恼问卷修订版进行信效度检验,为研究青少年日常烦恼提供可靠有效的测量工具。方法 对Chan,Poon和Tang(2016)编制的日常烦恼问卷进行翻译,并邀请专家审查和评定。抽取云南昆明市的466名初一、初二、高一、高二的学生为被试,对日常烦恼问卷修订版的结构效度、效标关联效度和内部一致性信度进行评估。结果 青少年日常烦恼问卷修订版包括学习、在学校的人际关系、家庭生活和放学后的活动4个维度,共13个题目。日常烦恼问卷的四因子结构与实际数据相契合,其拟合指数分别为χ2 = 130.80、v = 59、RMSEA = 0.05、GFI = 0.96、AGFI = 0.94、NFI = 0.89、CFI = 0.94。日常烦恼问卷总分及4个维度得分与问题行为得分呈正相关。总量表的内部一致性Cronbach α系数为0.72,4个维度的α系数为0.71、0.82、0.77、0.87,2个月后总量表的重测信度为0.63。结论 日常烦恼问卷修订版具有良好的信效度,是测量青少年日常烦恼的适宜工具。     

中学生心理复原力量表应用的信度和效度分析

目的评价编制的中学生心理复原力量表在中学生中应用的可行性,为开展学生心理健康研究工作提供参考。方法分别在合肥市2个行政区和2个市辖县各选取1所中学,共4 287名初一至高三在校中学生为研究对象,进行心理复原力评定及信度、效度分析。结果中学生心理复原力量表具有较高的信度和效度,Cronbach’sα系数为0.91,分半信度为0.84,重测信度为0.89。因素分析结果表明,量表结构与量表初步编制的结构一致,且各因子得分与量表总分的相关系数均在0.613以上,且均大于各因子之间的相关系数,表明心理复原力量表具有较好的结构效度。中学生心理复原力量表得分与CDI问卷得分呈负相关,显示中学生心理复原力量表具有较好的效标关联效度。结论中学生心理复原力量表基本适合在校中学生心理复原力水平的评定。     

中文网络成瘾量表在城市中学生中的应用评价

探讨中文网络成瘾量表在城市中学生中的应用效果,为制定适用于学生群体的网络成瘾量表提供参考.方法 采用中文网络成瘾量表,对分层整群抽取的贵阳城区3 075名中学生进行施测,分析量表信度和效度.结果 调查共获得有效问卷2 875份.量表的Kappa系数为0.796,分半信效度为0.915,各因素与所属分量表的相关系数在0.886~0.947之间;各因素与总分的相关系数在0.840 ~0.896之间;2个分量表与总分的相关系数为0.954,0.943;验证性因素分析表明,2个分量表的拟合度指数GFI,AGFI,NFI,TLI,IFI,CFI指标都超过0.90,因子模型基本符合理论结构假设.结论 中文网络成瘾量表用于城市中学生网络成瘾情况测评具有较好的可行性、信度与效度,可用于我国城市中学生网络成瘾测评.     

青少年危险行为问卷信效度研究

目的编制青少年危险行为问卷（Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire,YRBS）中文版,并考察其信度与效度。方法 依据我国具体的文化特征,对美国的2009版本的青少年危险行为问卷进行改编为中文版的青少年危险行为问卷。通过分层整群抽样从2008年汶川特大地震9个极重灾区的110所学校的4～9年级的学生中纳入5 486人进行问卷调查。结果 内部一致,中文版青少年危险行为问卷总量表的Cronbach sα为0.730,10项分量表的Cronbach sα为-0.415～0.857。区分度,11个分量表与总量表分相关系数为0.288～0.641,每个分量表与各自分量表中的条目的相关系数为0.176～0.892,P均为0.000。因子分析：规则安全及暴力行为分量表均提取了2个公因子,其余的8个分量表,均提取1个公因子。内容效度即精神科医师及临床心理学家对该量表的内容进行评估,确保该量表有较好的内容效度。结论 青少年危险行为问卷在地震后幸存的青少年中具有较好的信度与效度,可作为该群体行为问题的一个较好的筛查工具,该结论仍有待进一步的验证及完善。     

中学生学习压力问卷的初步编制

目的通过编制中学生学习压力问卷,为测评中学生的学习压力提供工具。方法结合开放式问卷所获资料,在文献研究的基础上,构建中学生学习压力的理论维度,编制中学生学习压力问卷,并用此问卷施测于315名中学生,使用SPSS 13.0软件对所得数据进行探索性因素分析及信、效度分析。结果中学生学习压力问卷可以提取4个因素,分别命名为父母压力、自我压力、教师压力、社交压力;中学生学习压力问卷的内部一致性系数为0.81,各分问卷的信度在0.63～0.76之间,各分量表与总量表之间的相关系数在0.59～0.76之间。结论自编的中学生学习压力问卷具有较好的信、效度。     

军人心理素质量表的编制

目的研制军人心理素质量表,用于军人心理素质评估和心理选拔。方法对心理学专家、军事专家、军人进行开放式问卷和半开半闭式问卷的调查研究,据此编制初始问卷,再整群分层抽样测查重庆市、云南省、海南省和辽宁省的陆海空军人(n=3 394),对问卷进行鉴别力分析、因素分析及信效度检验,最后形成100题的正式问卷,即军人心理素质量表。结果量表的内部一致性系数为0.8257,重测信度为0.8012;各因素的内部一致性系数为0.6933~0.8562,重测信度为0.6743~0.8292;量表各因素与问卷总分的相关系数为0.5086~0.7598,各因素之间的相关系数为0.2029~0.5086;量表中鉴别指数D≥0.3的题目占全部题目数的89.80%。结论编制的军人心理素质量表具有良好信度、效度和鉴别力,为部队开展心理素质教育与训练提供了理论和实践的依据。     

慢性职业中毒患者心理需要问卷的编制与信效度检验

目的 编制信效度较好的慢性职业病患者心理需要测评问卷,为慢性职业中毒患者心理需要的满足程度评估和实施心理治疗及心理护理提供依据。方法 本文对100例研究对象依据马斯洛需要理论,编制慢性职业中毒患者心理需要测评问卷的45个条目,分别按年龄、性别、总体及各子维度进行测量内在一致性信度的系数,并对该问卷量表的单个条目和总量表内容效度指数值进行评估。结果 通过对100例慢性职业中毒患者的45个条目心理需要测评问卷进行信效度系数测量,结果表明,按年龄、性别、总体案例分别测定该问卷量表的总体及各子维度内在一致性信度的系数值均在0.75以上,该问卷量表的单个条目内容效度系数(I-CVI)均在0.78及以上,总量表内容效度指数(S-CVI)为0.934。结论 本文编制的慢性职业中毒患者心理需要测评问卷具有较好的信效度,可为慢性职业中毒患者心理需要及心理治疗满足程度评估提供依据。     

大学生心理咨询倾向性问卷的编制

目的编制大学生心理咨询倾向性问卷。方法在查阅文献和前期访谈基础上编制问卷。进行3次大一学生的整群抽样,第一次调查315名大一学生用于初步项目分析和因素探索;第二次调查584名大一学生用于探索性因素分析和问卷信、效度检测;第三次调查101名大一学生用于验证性因素分析,以专业心理求助态度量表为效标,并进行重测。结果大学生心理咨询倾向性问卷共19个题目,包括心理咨询偏见、心理咨询信任、非专业心理求助途径、心理咨询污名4个因子。验证性因素分析表明所得模型拟合度可接受(χ2/df =2.677,GFI=0.932,AGFI=0.912,CFI=0.916,NFI=0.874,RMSEA=0.054)。总问卷内部一致性系数总量表为0.878,各因子α为0.685~0.845;总量表重测信度为0.885,4个因子重测信度为0.693~0.836。结论本研究编制的问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于评估大学生心理咨询倾向性。     

青少年校园暴力问卷编制及信、效度评价

目的 初步编制青少年校园暴力问卷并评价其信、效度.方法 运用项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和信效度检验方法,对4215名青少年的身体暴力和心理暴力行为进行分析,验证问卷结构的合理性.结果 青少年校园暴力包括身体暴力和心理暴力2个方面,其中身体暴力由欺负、肢体暴力、工具暴力、自杀和性侵犯5个维度18个条目构成,心理暴力由人际攻击、网络暴力、压力营造和言语侵犯4个维度18个条目构成;总体问卷Cronbach's α系数为0.905,身体暴力和心理暴力分问卷Cronbach's α系数均＞0.82,分半信度为0.318～0.841,效标效度达到显著水平(P＜0.01),表明该问卷具有较好的信度和效度.结论 青少年校园暴力问卷的信、效度符合心理测量学的要求,可供新时期校园暴力研究和实际应用.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.