心肌细胞分离方法的改进及其钾电流的观察

目的:探索建立简单可靠的心肌细胞的酶解分离方法,提高细胞存活率和膜片钳实验成功率.方法:采用Langendorff装置,无钙液和胶原酶P二步灌流法分离心肌细胞.显微镜下观察细胞形态结构,并应用膜片钳全细胞技术记录大鼠心室肌细胞膜瞬时外向钾电流.结果:心肌细胞存活率高,形态结构良好,可成功记录出瞬时外向钾电流.结论:通过改进的分离方法获得的心肌细胞存活率高,具有正常的电生理特性.     

耐钙心肌细胞的分离及其L型钙通道电流观察

目的：建立大鼠心肌细胞分离方法，用于膜片钳实验，并记录L型钙通道电流，方法：基于Langendorff逆行主动脉灌流模型，以经改进的心肌细胞分离技术获得单个耐钙心肌细胞，用膜片钳全细胞方式记录L型钙电流。结果：在灌流所得50％存活单个心肌细胞中约70％为耐钙心肌细胞，并记录到典型的L型钙电流，结论：这种心肌细胞分离技术能获得大量具有正常电生理特性的耐钙心肌细胞，可用于心肌细胞离子通道和信号转导机制的研究。     

适于膜片钳实验的心肌细胞分离方法及维拉帕米对钙电流的作用

目的：建立适应于膜片钳实验的大鼠单个心室肌细胞的分离方法,探讨L-型钙通道在大鼠心肌电活动中的作用.方法：采用改进Langendorff装置,酶解法分离单个心室肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录心室肌细胞L-型钙电流及维拉帕米的作用.结果：该法分离到的心肌细胞存活率达80％～90％,高倍镜下细胞呈杆状,边缘清楚,表面光滑,纹理清晰;成功记录到典型L-型钙电流（Ica-L）,给予维拉帕米（0.3、3、30 μmol/L）后呈浓度依赖性抑制钙电流,其抑制率分别为（44.35±5.52）％,（61.06±2.99）％,（71.88±4.45）％.结论：改进心肌细胞的分离方法可获得大量耐钙心室肌细胞,这些细胞具有正常的电生理特性.     

耐钙心肌细胞的分离及基本电生理特性

目的　探讨分离单个心肌细胞的方法并进行基本电生理指标测定 .方法　改进的 L angendorff灌流法及膜片钳全细胞记录法 .结果　单个心室肌细胞静息电位为 (- 85±2 .3) m V(n=1 0 ) ,记录到单个心室肌细胞典型的 L 型钙电流特性 .结论　用该方法分离的细胞具有耐钙性和正常电生理特性     

豚鼠心肌细胞分离方法及电生理特性的观察

目的：建立膜片钳实验室单个心肌细胞的分离方法和膜片钳技术平台.方法：采用酶解法分离豚鼠心室肌细胞;在膜片钳全细胞模式下记录不同基础刺激周长时的动作电位以及L-型钙电流、延迟性整流钾电流.结果：酶解法分离豚鼠心室肌可以得到90%的存活细胞;豚鼠的单个心室肌细胞静息电位为（-74.0±2.2）mV,基础刺激周长1 000 ms时复极90%的动作电位时程（APD90）为（313.2±20.72） ms;APD90和复极50%的动作电位时程（APD50）均随着基础刺激周长的延长而延长.L-型钙电流峰值电流密度为（-7.36±1.10）pA/pF,0.1 mmol/L verapamil灌流后为（-1.22±0.49 ）pA/pF,100 μmol/L CdCl2灌流后内向电流消失;延迟性整流钾电流密度为（4.88±0.96）pA/pF,2 μmol/L Dofetilide灌流后降低为（3.48±0.37）pA/pF.结论：酶解法分离的豚鼠心室肌细胞可以满足膜片钳实验的要求,此膜片钳技术可作为更深入电生理研究的平台.     

豚鼠心室肌细胞的分离及其基本电生理特性的观察

目的 分离豚鼠单个心室肌细胞,并观察其基本电生理特性.方法 Langendorff灌流,胶原酶法分离心室肌细胞;应用膜片钳全细胞模式记录心室肌细胞的动作电位和L型钙通道电流.结果 酶法分离得到存活杆状细胞达50%以上.全细胞电流钳模式下记录,细胞静息电位为(-69.9±3.4)mV,复位到95%时的动作电位时程(APD95)为(313.1±38.9)ms.全细胞电压钳模式下记录到典型L型钙通道电流.结论 该方法能够简单有效地获得性能稳定的心室肌细胞,尤其适用于膜片钳心电生理学的研究.     

成年小鼠心室肌细胞分离及L型钙电流记录

目的:寻找一种成年小鼠心肌细胞分离的简便、可行且稳定的方法,以获得耐钙心肌细胞并记录心室肌细胞L型钙电流(IL-Ca)。方法:采用Langerdorff逆行主动脉灌流、无钙台氏液+胶原酶Ⅱ消化法分离成年小鼠单个心室肌细胞;利用含钙细胞外液复钙法筛选耐钙心肌细胞;并采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录心室肌细胞L型钙电流。结果:利用该方法分离心肌细胞可获得90%活细胞;复钙后细胞存活率60%-70%;并可记录到典型L型钙电流。结论:无钙台氏液+胶原酶Ⅱ消化法简单可行且稳定,可分离大量活性较佳且耐钙心肌细胞,可用于心肌细胞离子通道电流记录,从而为心脏电生理研究提供有力的技术支持。     

烧伤血清对大鼠心肌细胞L型钙通道电流的激活作用

目的:观察烧伤血清(BS)对成年大鼠分离的心肌细胞膜钙通道电流的影响,探讨烧伤引起心肌细胞钙稳态变化的机制.方法:伤后2,6 h分离30%TBSA(Ⅲ度)烧伤的SD大鼠血清;逆行循环灌流、胶原酶消化分离心肌细胞;膜片钳技术全细胞记录模式测定细胞膜钙通道电流.结果:2 h BS使峰值L型钙电流(ICa-L)比对照组增加50%～80%;而6 h BS使峰值Ica-L增加1.5～2.5倍;峰值电压-电流曲线显示烧伤血清明显增加各个去极化钳制电压下的Ica,并使得最大激活电压提前;细胞外液灌洗可去除烧伤血清对钙电流的作用.结论:烧伤血清能显著升高心肌细胞膜上钙通道电流,L型钙通道开放是烧伤后心肌细胞钙超载的机制之一.?     

多用途成年大鼠心室肌细胞分离方法

目的 建立稳定的可同时用于细胞培养和膜片钳实验的成年大鼠心室肌细胞的分离方法 .方法 应用Langendorff灌流.生物酶消化法分离耐钙心肌细胞.分别用左右心室肌做细胞培养和全细胞膜片钳研究.结果 左室心肌细胞数(3.7±0.6)× 10~6,杆状细胞得率(84.85±2.7)%.右室心肌细胞横纹清晰,折光率好,膜片钳实验时容易封接破膜,记录到典型的I_(Ca).L、I_(K1)、I_(to)、I_(Na)电流.结论 该方法 简单、节约、重复性好,改善了杆状细胞得率、细胞质量,左右心室肌细胞分别能很好地用于细胞培养和膜片钳实验.     

适合膜片钳实验的心肌细胞分离方法研究

目的：摸索并建立简便可行的适于做膜片钳实验的心肌细胞急性分离方法。方法：采用自行改进的Langendorff心脏灌流装置,用无钙台氏液和酶解液逆行主动脉灌流之后,剪取心肌组织置于KB液中保存以供全细胞膜片钳方式记录电流,结果：分离所得80％～90％的细胞呈杆状,边缘清楚,表面光滑,纹理清晰,可记录到典型的快钠电流。结论：控制好分离心肌细胞的实验条件以及熟练掌握实验操作的方法,是分离出适合于膜片钳实验的心肌细胞的重要因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.