直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术对急性心肌梗死QT离散度的影响

目的：观察直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者QT间期离散度（QTd)的影响。方法：采用标准12导联心电图,对直接TPCA组26例和未再灌注治疗组30例AMI患者行心电图描记,分别测量入院时、直接PT-CA后2h、24h、1周、2周的QTd值,并观察两组恶性室性心律失常事件的发生。结果：直接PTCA组与未再灌注治疗组入院时QTd无差异（P＞0.05),直接PTCA组除术后2hQTd一过性增大外,24h后明显缩小,与未再灌注治疗组比较差异显著（P＜0.01),同期直接PTCA组恶性室性心律失常发生率低（P＜0.01)。结论：AMI后直接PTCA能缩小患者QTd,并能降低急性期恶性室性心律失常事件的发生。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及支架植入术对QT离散度的影响

目的 :观察冠心病患者在经皮冠状动脉内成形术 (PTCA)及支架植入术 (stenting)后QT离散度 (QTdispersion ,QTd)的变化。方法 :对 6 8例冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉管腔狭窄≥ 75 %而成功行PTCA和stent植入术前 ,术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )进行同步 12导联心电图检查 ,测量QTd和QTcd ,还同期测量了 6 2例仅行冠状动脉造影术的患者术前、术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )的QTd和QTcd。结果 :(1)冠状动脉造影组 :冠状动脉造影后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与冠状动脉造影前的QTd和QTcd比较均无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )PTCA和stent植入术组 :PTCA和stent植入术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前的QTd和QTcd比较均明显缩短(P <0 .0 5 ) ,但术后 4h、2 4h、1周之间的QTd和QTcd比较均无明显改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。亚组分析表明 :多支病变组QTd、QTcd较单支病变组明显延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。单支病变组术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前QTd、QTcd比较均明显改善 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,但术后 4h、2 4h、1周QTd、QTcd相互比较无明显变化 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。单支病变组术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前比较QTd、QTcd改善率为 78% ,恶化率 15 % ,无变化者 7%。多支病变组术后 (4h、2 4h、1周 )与术前比较QTd、QTcd均无明显变化 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。多支病变组术后 (4h、2     

直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术对急性心肌梗塞患者QT离散度的影响

目的 :研究直接经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者QT离散度 (QTd)的影响 ,及心梗相关动脉再通后对QTd的影响。方法 :回顾 12 5例成功接受PTCA术的急性心肌梗死患者术前及术后不同时段的心电图测量 ,对比分析10 6例不适合或因各种原因未行PTCA或溶栓患者 (对照组 )不同时间QTd的变化。结果 :PTCA再通组同对照组比较术前QTd、QTcd均明显延长 ,但两组无明显统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。PTCA组术后 2 4小时、3天QTd、QTcd同本组术前比较明显缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ,同对照组比较明显缩短 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :对于AMI患者 ,成功PTCA后QTd和QTcd明显缩短     

急诊或延迟PTCA对急性心肌梗死QT间期离散度及心功能的长期影响

目的：探讨急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）（〈6h）与延迟PTCA对急性心肌梗死（AMI）QT间期离散度（QTd、QTcd）和心功能的长期影响。方法：AMI病人82例，按发病至到达医院时间的不同分为两组，6h以内为A组，共36例行急诊PTCA，6h以后46例为B组，行延迟PTCA。观察他们的术前、随访术后不同时间的QTd、QTcd及心功能的变化。结果：术后6d、30d及180d，A组QTd、QTcd和左心室射血分数（LVEF）均显著优于B组（P均〈0．05）。A组术后6d QTd、QTcd与术前比较，有明显改善（P均〈0．05）。B组术后6d与术前比较，有所改善但差异无显著性；30d与术前比较，有明显改善（P均〈0．05）。结论：急诊或延迟PTCA均可降低AMI病人QTd、QTcd，改善心功能，但急诊PTCA明显优于延迟PTCA；同时急诊PTCA较延迟PTCA对AMI病人QTd、QTcd的降低作用出现得早。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗与QTc离散度关系探讨

目的观察溶栓治疗对急性心肌梗死(AMI)QTc离散度(QTcd)的影响及探讨QTcd与AMI并发室性心律失常的关系。方法选择接受静脉溶栓的AMI患者63例,分别测量溶栓成功组与失败组QTd,QTcd;并进行前后比较。同时对并发各型室性心律失常患者QTd,QTcd进行对照比较。结果63例接受静脉溶栓患者中,39例溶栓成功,24例溶栓失败。成功组治疗前后比较,QTd,QTcd明显减小(P<0.05);失败组治疗前后比较,QTd,QTcd增加(P<0.05)。溶栓治疗后共有34例患者发生室性心律失常,各型室性心律失常QTd,QTcd比较有非常显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论溶栓治疗成功,可使AMI后QTd、QTcd显著降低。QTcd越大,其发生室性心律失常,特别是致死性室性心律失常机会也越大。     

急性心肌梗塞早期QT离散度分析

本文回顾分析了60例急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者,患者在发病24 h内就诊,并描记首次心电图,分为有严重室性心律失常组和无室性心律失常组。发现两组QT离散度（QTd）和心率校正的QT离散度,（QTcd）均有显著的差异。而不同部位的急性心肌梗塞分组比较QTd和QTcd未显示明显的差异。     

高龄急性心肌梗死室性心律失常与QT间期离散度的关系

目的　探讨 70岁以上的老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者室性心律失常与QTcd的关系。方法　回顾性单盲法分析 10 0例 70岁以上老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)发病 2 4h内首次心电图未校正的QT离散度(QTd)、心率校正QT离散度 (QTcd)。结果　 5 5例QTcd大于 6 0ms患者室性心律失常发生率明显高于QTcd小于 6 0ms的患者。结论　老年急性心肌梗死QTcd增高是导致室性心律失常的原因之一 ,早期测定QTcd是防止心律失常导致猝死的重要检测内容     

即刻PTCA与择期PTCA对AMI后室壁瘤发生的影响

目的：研究冠状动脉造影（CAG）后即刻PTCA对防止急性心肌梗死（AMI）后室壁瘤发生机率进而探讨其临床应用价值。方法：对70例AMI患者6h内行冠状动脉造影后即刻PTCA的冠状动脉病变特点及室壁瘤发生率与70例择期PTCA进行对比分析,入选病例均为PTCA术成功者。结果：室壁瘤发生率即刻组远低于择期组（4．3％对34．3％,P＜0．005）。结论：AMI发生后6h内即刻PTCA有明显防止室壁瘤形成的作用,且远优于择期PTCA。     

56例扩张型心肌病患者QT离散度变化

目的:探讨扩张型心肌病(DCM)QT离散度(QTd)与恶性室性心律失常的关系。方法:选择32例恶性室性心律失常DCM,24例非恶性室性心律失常DCM和43例非心脏疾病患者,测定QTd,QTcd。结果:DCM恶性室性心律失常组及非恶性室性心律失常组QTd,QTcd明显高于对照组(P<0.05);DCM恶性室性心律失常组QTd,QTcd明显高于非恶性室性心律失常组。结论:QTd及QTcd可能是DCM恶性室性心律失常的监测指标。     

PTCA+支架治疗对冠心病患者QTc离散度的影响

目的探讨行PTCA+支架治疗对冠心病患者QTc离散度(QTcd)是否有影响.方法对60例成功地行单支或多支PTCA+支架治疗患者术前及术后24h分别作12导联心电图测量QTc,并计算出QTcd.结果60例患者中,术后QTcd改善44例,恶化6例,无变化10例,术前QTcd为52±18 ms,术后QTcd为43±17 ms,提示QTcd明显降低(P＜0.01).结论有效的PTCA+支架治疗可显著降低冠心病的QTcd,QTcd改善可能是由于PTCA+支架术后增加心肌灌注,从而降低心律失常的危险性.     

QTc dispersion and P-wave dispersion during migraine attacks

The aim of this study was to investigate increase of QTc dispersion and P-wave dispersion during migraine attacks. Fifty-five patients (16-65 years of age, 49 women, six men) with migraine were included in our study. Heart rate, QTc interval, maximum and minimum QTc interval, QTc dispersion, maximum and minimum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion were measured from 12-lead ECG recording during migraine attacks and pain-free periods. ECGs were transferred to a personal computer via a scanner and then used for magnification of x400 by Adobe Photoshop software. Maximum QTc interval (454 +/- 24 ms vs. 429 +/- 23 ms, P < 0.001), QTc interval (443 +/- 26 ms vs. 408 +/- 22 ms, P < 0.001) and QTc dispersion (63 +/- 18 ms vs. 43 +/- 14 ms, P < 0.001) were found significantly higher during migraine attacks compared with pain-free periods. Maximum P-wave duration (107 +/- 11 ms vs. 100 +/- 11 ms, P < 0.001) and P-wave dispersion (45 +/- 13 ms vs. 35 +/- 13 ms, P < 0.001) were found higher during migraine attacks than pain-free periods. We concluded that migraine attacks are associated with increased QTc and P-wave dispersion compared with pain-free periods.     

Quantitative dispersion microscopy

Refractive index dispersion is an intrinsic optical property and a useful source of contrast in biological imaging studies. In this report, we present the first dispersion phase imaging of living eukaryotic cells. We have developed quantitative dispersion microscopy based on the principle of quantitative phase microscopy. The dual-wavelength quantitative phase microscope makes phase measurements at 310 nm and 400 nm wavelengths to quantify dispersion (refractive index increment ratio) of live cells. The measured dispersion of living HeLa cells is found to be around 1.088, which agrees well with that measured directly for protein solutions using total internal reflection. This technique, together with the dry mass and morphology measurements provided by quantitative phase microscopy, could prove to be a useful tool for distinguishing different types of biomaterials and studying spatial inhomogeneities of biological samples.     

触觉分散与味觉分散在婴儿静脉穿刺中的应用

[目的]探讨味觉分散与触觉分散在接受静脉穿刺婴儿中的应用效果。[方法]将在我院儿童输液室进行静脉输液的160例婴儿按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各80例。观察组穿刺过程给予患儿吮吸5%葡萄糖,对照组采用常规穿刺及护理方法,比较两组患儿疼痛程度、治疗依从性、一次穿刺成功情况及家属满意度情况。[结果]观察组患儿的疼痛程度较对照组低,治疗依从性、一次穿刺成功率及家属满意度评分较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]味觉分散与触觉分散能有效缓解婴儿静脉穿刺时的疼痛,提高治疗依从性、一次穿刺成功率及家属满意度。     

儿童血管迷走性晕厥QT间期离散度及P波离散度研究

目的　探讨儿童血管迷走性晕厥 (VVS)QT间期离散度 (QTd)及P波离散度 (Pd)的变化。方法　不明原因晕厥(UPS)患儿 5 5例 (研究组 ) ,均进行基础直立倾斜试验 (BHUTT)或 (和 )舌下含服硝酸甘油倾斜试验 (SNTTT)。匹配健康儿童 5 5例为对照 (对照组 )。于BHUTT前一天描记 12导联同步体表心电图 (12ECG)。选择波形清晰的 12ECG 3个心动周期 ,测量心率 (HR)、QTd 与Pd。结果　与对照组比较 ,研究组HR减慢 (P <0 0 1) ,QTmax、QTmin、QTd 延长 (P <0 0 1) ,QTcmax、QTcd增大 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;Pcmax、Pcmin缩短 (P <0 0 1) ,Pd 及Pcd稍延长 (P >0 0 5 )。QTd、QTcd及Pd、Pcd在VVS患儿男女性别之间无差异(P >0 0 5 ) ,HUTT阳性组与阴性组之间亦未见差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　QTd 及Pd 在VVS患儿男女性别及HUTT阳性组与阴性组间未见差异。VVS患儿QTd 及QTcd增大 ,Pd 及Pcd延长不明显 ,临床上要警惕VVS患儿发生室性心律失常。     

QT dispersion in essential hypertension

Increased QT dispersion is associated with sudden cardiac deathin congestive heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, andfollowing acute myocardial infarction. Patients with hypertension,in particular those with left ventricular hypertrophy, are alsoat greater risk of sudden cardiac death. We examined whetherQT dispersion, which is easily obtained from a routine ECG,correlates with echo LVH. Sixty-nine untreated patients withessential hypertension had QT dispersion measured from a surface12-lead electrocardiogram, and twodimensional echocardiographyperformed to measure interventricular septal thickness, posteriorwall thickness, and left ventricular internal diameter. Officeblood pressure was recorded, and in 56 patients, 24 h ambulatoryblood pressure monitoring was also done. Multivariate analysisdemonstrated significant relationships between QT dispersionand office systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular massindex. Similar findings were obtained when QT dispersion wascorrected for heart rate (QTc dispersion). After patients withelectrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (n = 5) wereexcluded from the analysis, the above relationships persisted.Increased QT dispersion is thus found in those essential hypertensivesat greatest risk of sudden death. Since this relationship persistseven in the absence of electrocardiographic left ventricularhypertrophy, measurement of QT dispersion might be a simple,non-invasive screening procedure to identify those hypertensivesat greatest risk of sudden death.     

小儿先天性心脏病QT间期离散度与P波离散度的研究

目的　探讨小儿先天性心脏病QT间期离散度 (QTd)与P波离散度 (Pd)变化。方法　 32 3例 0 0 8～ 16 0 0 (平均3 0 2± 3 0 3)岁先心病患儿 (研究组 )及 77例匹配健康儿童 (对照组 )描记 12导联同步体表心电图。选择波形清晰的 3个心动周期人工测量心率 (HR)、Pd 与QTd。微机数理统计。结果　研究组与对照组比较 ,体重分别为 (12 11± 7 2 0 )kg及 (14 6 3±6 39)kg ,身高分别为 (87 16± 2 2 89)cm及 (94 4 2± 2 1 2 9)cm ;研究组体重减轻 17 2 2 % (P <0 0 1) ,身高降低 7 6 9% (P <0 0 5 )。与对照组比较 ,研究组HR增快 (P >0 0 5 ) ,QTmax及Pmax延长 (P <0 0 1) ,QTd 与Pd 分别增大 5 6 0 3%及 38 33% (P <0 0 1)。结论　先天性心脏病患儿术前心电图QTd 及Pd 明显延长 ,可能与发生室性或房性心律失常有关。     

皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征患儿QT间期离散度和P波离散度变化

目的　探讨用预测可能发生心律失常的心电学指标QT间期离散度 (QTd)和P波离散度 (Pd)来研究皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征 (MCLS)患儿发生心律失常的可能性。方法　MCLS患儿 6 2例 (13例伴有冠脉扩张 ) ,随机匹配 79例健康儿童为对照。采用广东中山SR - 10 0 0A心电综合自动分析仪描记 12导联同步体表心电图 (12ECG) ,选择波形清晰的 3个心动周期 ,在人工干预下自动测量窦性节律时心率 (HR)、QTmax、QTmin、Pmax、Pmin ,计算QTd及Pd ,连测 3次后取其平均值。结果　与对照组比较 ,MCLS组急性期心率增快 (P <0 0 1) ,QTmax、QTmin缩短 ,QTd增大 ,Pmax增加 ,Pmin缩短 ,Pd增大 ;恢复期QTd、Pmax、Pd延长 ,其差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。伴有冠脉扩张与不伴有冠脉扩张的MCLS患儿之间QTmax、QTmin、QTd、Pmax、Pmin、Pd差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　MCLS能引起QTd及Pd增加 ,有可能发生严重心律失常 ,临床上不容忽视     

Ultrasonic speed of sound dispersion imaging

The feasibility for speed of sound dispersion (SOSD) imaging was investigated here. A through transmission new method for measuring the SOSD was utilized. With this method a long pulse comprising of two frequencies one being the double of the other is transmitted through the object and detected on its other side. SOSD projection images were obtained by scanning objects immersed in water using a raster mode utilizing a computerized scanning system. Using this approach SOSD projection images were obtained for solids and fluids as well as for a tissue mimicking breast phantom and an in vitro soft tissues phantom. The results obtained here, have clearly demonstrated the feasibility of SOSD projection imaging. SOSD may serve as a new contrast source and potentially may aid in breast diagnosis.