心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝的调整策略

目的：研究心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝的调整策略及年龄、性别、体重与华法林抗凝剂量、疗效的关系。方法：回顾192例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后服用华法林抗凝患者的临床资料,总结华法林抗凝调整国际标准化比值（INR）的方法,分析年龄、性别、体重和华法林剂量、INR值的关系,观察其抗凝效果及主要不良反应。结果：1例患者因过量服用华法林出现颅内出血死亡,1例过量出现严重皮下出血及鼻出血,1例出现腔隙性脑梗死,2例单用华法林效果不佳,合用拜阿司匹林后INR可调整到目标范围,其余患者效果较好,无严重出血及血栓形成。结论：心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝维持剂量个体差异较大,与年龄、性别、体重无关;抗凝治疗维持INR在1.8-2.5间较为适宜,不增加出血及血栓风险。     

心脏瓣膜置换术后早期抗凝相关因素分析

目的 对机械瓣膜置换术后患者早期抗凝相关因素进行分析,用以指导术后早期抗凝治疗.方法 145例机械瓣膜置换术后患者按性别分组,将华法林抗凝维持剂量与体质量进行相关性分析;按心功能分组,比较不同组之间的抗凝维持剂量.结果 术后早期男性、女性的抗凝维持剂量均与体质量呈正相关(r=0.334,P＜0.05);不同心功能组间抗凝维持剂量比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 瓣膜置换患者的体质量与心功能可用来指导术后早期抗凝治疗.     

心脏瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝治疗依从性影响因素分析及对策

目的：探讨心脏瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝治疗依从性的影响因素分析及对策。方法：选取2021年1月1日～2022年3月31日行心脏瓣膜置换术的209例患者作为研究对象，分为达标组(INR达标率≥80%)138例和未达标组(INR达标率<80%)71例，术后均给予华法林抗凝治疗，分析影响患者华法林抗凝治疗依从性的相关因素。结果：华法林抗凝知识认知程度调查结果显示，华法林的用法、华法林口服时间及华法林的效用认知正确率均高于80%。两组受教育程度、居住地、家庭收入、华法林抗凝知识认知程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，受教育程度、居住地、华法林抗凝知识认知程度为影响患者心脏瓣膜置换术后依从性的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：心脏瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝知识总体认知水平不高，且依从性较差，其中受教育程度低、居住地为农村、华法林抗凝知识认知程度差均为导致患者依从性差的独立危险因素，临床需加强对患者的干预，以提高术后治疗依从性。     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林抗凝治疗效果及INR抗凝强度范围分析

目的探讨华法林抗凝在心脏机械瓣膜置换术后的治疗效果及抗凝强度的范围。方法选取行心脏机械瓣膜置换术患者72例,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组各36例。对照组华法林服用剂量按INR值范围2.0～3.0调整,观察组华法林服用剂量按INR值范围1.5～2.0调整。对比两组治疗后并发症发生率及各项心功能指标。结果治疗后,两组血栓栓塞事件发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但观察组出血事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组PT、TT、APTT水平均高于对照组,FIB水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林INR抗凝强度的范围1.5-2.0更安全可靠,预后良好,可有效降低并发症发生率。     

华法林在心脏机械瓣膜置换术后抗凝治疗疗效观察

目的:研究心脏机械瓣膜置换术后华法林的应用.方法:随访观察2003年1月-2007年6月本院行机械瓣膜置换术患者98例,分析华法林的应用情况及其并发症.结果:术后97名患者长期应用华法林抗凝治疗,其中8例出现并发症.结论:机械瓣膜置换术后应用华法林抗凝治疗有效,但有引起致命性并发症危险.     

综合护理干预在心脏瓣膜术后患者华法林抗凝治疗的应用效果

目的 探讨综合护理干预在心脏瓣膜术后患者华法林抗凝治疗中的应用效果。 方法 选取2015年2月-2017年2月接受心脏瓣膜置换术且术后采用华法林抗凝的患者100例,随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组予以心脏瓣膜术后常规护理,观察组行综合护理干预。比较2组患者华法林抗凝治疗的依从性、不良反应发生情况以及患者满意度情况。 结果 观察组患者华法林抗凝治疗完全依从性显著高于对照组(Z=-2.568,P=0.010)。出血以及血栓的发生率均低于对照组(χ²=5.473,P=0.019; χ²=4.332,P=0.037)。患者满意度高于对照组(χ²=6.061,P=0.014)。 结论 综合护理应用于心脏瓣膜术后华法林抗凝中,可显著提高患者依从性,降低不良反应发生率,提高患者满意度。     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后早期患者对华法林抗凝认知现状及其影响因素分析

目的：调查心脏机械瓣膜置换术后早期患者对华法林抗凝认知情况,并探讨其影响因素,为制定有针对性的华法林抗凝临床健康教育方案提供依据。方法：采用自行设计的华法林抗凝认知情况调查表,以及Zung焦虑自评量表、Zung抑郁自评量表和社会支持评定量表,以门诊复诊和电话随访的方式对115例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后服用华法林进行抗凝治疗的患者进行问卷调查。结果：患者抗凝认知得分为4～15（9.34±2.91）分,认知程度差者占40.0%,认知程度一般者占34.8%,认知程度好者占25.2%;认知程度主要影响因素为社会支持度、抑郁程度和现居住地。结论：患者抗凝认知程度尚待提高,护理人员应加强对患者进行华法林抗凝相关知识的宣教,特别是对于社会支持较差、有抑郁倾向或抑郁症状以及现居农村的患者。     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者采用华法林抗凝治疗相关并发症的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的对心脏机械瓣膜置换术后早期患者进行随访,分析华法林抗凝治疗相关并发症的发生情况及影响因素。方法对300例心脏瓣膜置换术后早期应用华法林进行抗凝治疗的患者进行问卷调查,记录一般资料、疾病资料、抗凝认知情况、抗凝治疗依从性、社会支持情况,以及抗凝相关并发症的发生情况。结果有效问卷260份。260例患者共发生并发症73例(28.1%),其中发生出血56例(21.5%),发生栓塞17例(6.5%)。单因素分析显示不同受教育程度患者发生并发症的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不同居住地域、抽烟史、嗜酒史、病程长短、治疗依从性、社会支持得分、认知水平得分患者并发症发生例数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,居住地域、抽烟史、嗜酒史、病程长短、治疗依从性、社会支持得分、认知水平得分是心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者采用华法林抗凝治疗发生并发症的独立危险因素。结论华法林抗凝相关并发症发生率较高,医务人员应加强对患者及其照护者进行华法林抗凝知识的宣传教育,重视社会支持对患者术后抗凝治疗效果的重要性。     

健康信念模式对心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝管理的影响

目的:探讨健康信念模式对心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者华法林抗凝管理的影响。方法:选取2017年1月1日～2018年12月31日于某三甲医院心外科行心脏机械瓣膜置换术的患者90例,随机分为干预组和对照组各45例;干预组采取健康信念模式,对照组采取常规健康教育;分别于干预前后对两组患者采用自行设计一般资料问卷、华法林抗凝知识问卷、抗凝依从性问卷、社会支持评定量表进行测评。结果:干预后6个月,干预组抗凝知识总得分、抗凝依从性得分均高于对照组(P 0. 01);随出院时间延长,干预后6个月对照组社会支持略有下降,干预组社会支持升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 01)。结论:健康信念模式教育有助于改善心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者健康信念,提高患者抗凝认知、依从性及社会支持等水平,有助于进行华法林抗凝管理。     

口服抗凝剂患者凝血因子促凝活性及其与INR的关系

华法林 (Warfarin)是临床常用的口服抗凝药 ,目前推荐用血浆凝血酶原时间 (PT)来监测药物剂量。我们对 33例口服华法林患者各凝血因子活性进行了检测 ,以探讨它们的变化以及与 PT国际标准化比率 (INR)的关系。材料和方法一、检测对象　 1 .口服华法林组 :心脏瓣膜置换术后 ,口服华法林 1周以上的患者 33例 ,男 1 5例、女 1 8例 ,年龄 2 2～ 55岁 ,平均 40 .2岁。 2 .健康对照组 :健康体检合格者 2 1例 ,男 9例 ,女 1 2例 ,年龄 2 0～ 60岁 ,平均 38.9岁。二、标本采集　空腹抽取静脉血 2 .7ml,用1 0 9mmol/L柠檬酸钠 9∶ 1抗凝 ,以 2 0 …     

Factors affecting warfarin therapy following cardiac valve surgery

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors that affect the initial response to warfarin therapy in Korean patients after cardiac valve surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 127 patients who had undergone cardiac valve surgery at Seoul National University Hospital was performed. On the first day, most patients received warfarin 5 mg, while some received an individualized warfarin dose according to their physician's decision. Doses to be given on the following days were determined based on daily international normalized ratio (INR) and the previous doses. To measure warfarin sensitivity, the warfarin dose index (WDI), defined as the INR divided by the mean warfarin dose administered during the preceding 3 days, was introduced. The effects of age, gender, weight, serum albumin concentration, baseline INR, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and concurrent administration of amiodarone were evaluated. RESULTS: The patients' weight, initial serum albumin concentration, and baseline INR value influenced their initial response to warfarin. The initial WDI correlated negatively with the initial serum albumin concentration (p < 0.001) and body weight (p < 0.05) and positively with the baseline INR (p < 0.01). The initial WDI of the patients taking amiodarone was significantly higher (mean +/- SD 0.74 +/- 0.34) than that of patients without amiodarone (0.46 +/- 0.22) (p < 0.001). Maintenance doses correlated negatively with the initial warfarin response (p < 0.001) and positively with body weight (p = 0.053). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with an increased initial warfarin response in patients after cardiac valve surgery were high baseline INR, low postoperative serum albumin concentration, and concurrent administration of amiodarone. Thus, patients with any of these factors should receive a smaller initial warfarin dose. Also, to predict the warfarin maintenance dose from the initial response, the effect of transient changes in the sensitivity to warfarin during the initial period should be considered.     

CYP2C9 polymorphism and warfarin sensitivity in Taiwan Chinese

BACKGROUND: Warfarin prevents thromboembolism in patients with prosthetic heart valvular replacement. Cytochrome P4502C9 (CYP2C9) is polymorphic in human and is principally responsible for the metabolism of warfarin. However, known CYP2C9 polymorphisms cannot entirely account for the low dose requirement of warfarin in Chinese-Taiwanese receiving mitral valve replacement. We screened a new polymorphism of CYP2C9 and investigated its role in warfarin sensitivity. METHODS: We examined warfarin dose requirements in 239 Chinese-Taiwanese patients who had attended a cardiac surgery clinic in National Taiwan University Hospital. DNA samples were obtained from 106 Chinese-Taiwanese (37 patients and 69 unrelated healthy controls), and healthy control subjects of Caucasians (n=28) and African-Americans (n=28). Four out of those 37 patients were poor metabolizers of warfarin, and their DNA were subjected to sequencing analysis. Moreover, CYP2C9 genotyping analyses were performed using PCR-RFLP analysis. The chi2 test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the differences of the allelic frequency and genotype. The association between warfarin dose requirement and genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 was also analysed. RESULTS: The mean daily warfarin dose was 3.11+/-1.62 mg for the maintenance of the international normalized ratio of 2 to 3 in 239 patients. A single nucleotide substitution from G to C was found in this study. This SNP, G-65/C, is in intron 3, 65 base pairs upstream of exon 4. The allelic frequencies of C-65 in healthy controls were 0.125, 0.058 and approximately 0 with respect to African-American, Chinese-Taiwanese and Caucasian, implying inter-ethnic variations of the C-65 allele. In addition, patients who were carrier of either the heterozygous or homozygous C-65 variant received half of the usual warfarin dose. CONCLUSION: The novel intronic G-65/C mutation appears to be inter-racially different in allelic frequency, and that the anticoagulation was affected in response to warfarin sensitivity in Chinese-Taiwanese patients receiving mitral valve replacement.     

心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度现状及其影响因素分析

目的:调查心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:于2018年9月至2019年3月用一般资料、出院准备度量表、出院指导质量量表对139例瓣膜置换术后患者进行调查。结果:心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度总分为(89.51±8.53)分,与出院指导质量呈正相关;多元回归分析显示,主要照顾者、婚姻状况、工作状态、服药种类、出院指导质量为出院准备度影响因素。结论:心脏瓣膜置换术后患者的出院准备度有待提高,患者感知的个人状态得分不理想;护士应鼓励患者配合进行早期康复,强化出院指导,采取有效措施提供康复信息,满足患者及其家属需求,提高出院准备度。     

198例心脏机械瓣膜置换术患者口服华法林的临床监测及护理

目的研究心脏机械瓣膜置换术后口服华法林患者血浆凝血酶原前体蛋白(prothrombin precursor protein,PIVKA-Ⅱ)、凝血酶原时间(prothrombintime,PT)、国际标准化比率(international normalized rate,INR)的变化及其临床意义。方法 198例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后口服华法林患者为病例组,30例门诊体检人员为健康对照组,分别进行血浆PIVKA-Ⅱ、PT、INR测定。结果研究组首次服华法林后8h后,血浆PIVKA-Ⅱ浓度即显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);首次服华法林24h后,PT、INR显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。抗凝后多数患者有不同程度的出血,其中2例出现腰大肌血肿,3例出现脑出血,1例出现脑血栓,经手术治疗、药物调整及护理后均康复。结论上述指标能较客观地反映心脏机械瓣膜置换术后口服华法林患者的病理变化过程。对患者进行心理治疗等护理可以提高治疗效果、减少并发症。     

换瓣术后华法林维持量与mEH ApoE基因多态性的相关性研究

目的探讨mEH基因T612C、A691G位点sNP及ApoE基因型在中国汉族人群中的分布,并探讨华法林维持剂量与其相关性。方法共选取52例换瓣术后患者以及68例健康汉族个体。瓣膜置换术后个体根据国际化标准比值（INR）控制在1．5～2．2,调整华法林维持剂量,采用PCR-RFLP技术检测ApoE基因型、Pyrosequencing法检测mEHT612C及A691GSNP。结果（1）在120个受测试人群中,mEHT612C等位基因频率分别为74．6％和25．4％;而mEHA691G分别为66．7％、33．3％,换瓣人群中mEHT612C的纯合子比杂合子和野生型的所需华法林剂量要高,分别为（5．5±2．9）mg／d、（4．8±2．2）mg／d、（4．0±2．6）mg／d,三者之间剂量比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。（2）在120个受测试人群中,ApoE基因型等位基因E2,E3,E4的频率分别为44．2％、35．8％、20．O％;换瓣人群中各基因型所需华法林的剂量分别为（4．5±2．7）mg／d、（4．7±2．4）mg／d、（4．4±2．6）mg／d,三者之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论mEH基因T612C、A691G位点SNP能解释部分个体之间华法林维持剂量的差异,ApoE基因型的差异不能解释华法林维持剂量的差异。     

Increased sensitivity to warfarin after heart valve replacement

BACKGROUND: The dosage requirement of warfarin to achieve a given international normalized ratio (INR) often varies considerably between the immediate postoperative period and long-term follow-up in patients with prosthetic heart valves, leading to INR instability. OBJECTIVE: To document the extent of warfarin sensitivity in a prospective study of patients receiving heart valve replacements. METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data regarding anticoagulation for 111 patients who received warfarin following heart valve replacement were collected during their hospital stay (induction period) and between 1 and 3 months after surgery (follow-up period). RESULTS: Mean patient age was 65.39 +/- 10.55 years (range 29-85), with 66 men. The mean INR value during the follow-up period was, on average, 0.21 higher than the induction period (2.81 +/- 0.5 vs 2.6 +/- 0.6; p = 0.007). The mean follow-up warfarin dose was 1.54 mg higher than the mean induction warfarin dose (5.09 +/- 2.03 vs 3.55 +/- 1.94 mg; p < 0.001). The warfarin dose index, which indicates relative sensitivity of warfarin, decreased from 1.16 to 0.65 (p < 0.001). Although the INR values during the induction and follow-up periods were similar, the dose requirement in the follow-up period was, on average, 43% higher than that of the induction period. CONCLUSIONS: Immediately after heart valve replacement, patients are more sensitive to warfarin and should receive a lower warfarin dose during the initial phase of oral anticoagulation treatment. This enhanced sensitivity decreases with time. Patients require frequent monitoring and are likely to need an increase in the warfarin dose to avoid insufficient anticoagulation during the early follow-up period.     

心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者院外早期抗凝监测的依从性及其影响因素

目的调查心脏机械瓣膜置换术后患者院外早期抗凝监测的依从性现状,并探讨其影响因素,为制订有针对性的健康教育策略提供依据。方法采用自行设计的患者抗凝监测依从性问卷、华法林抗凝治疗认知情况调查表、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和社会支持评定量表,以门诊复诊和电话随访的方式对115例心脏机械瓣膜置换术后6个月口服华法林进行抗凝治疗的患者进行问卷调查。结果患者早期抗凝监测依从性得分为（2．73±0．84）分,63．5％的患者依从性好,36．5％的患者依从性差;监测依从性与华法林抗凝认知情况、文化程度、客观支持和就业情况呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论患者抗凝监测依从性尚待提高,护理人员应加强对患者华法林抗凝相关知识的宣教,特别是文化程度较低、客观社会支持较差以及抗凝认知不足的在岗患者,以提高其对术后华法林抗凝监测的重视,降低抗凝相关并发症的发生率及再住院率。     

The influence of ethnicity on warfarin dosage requirement

BACKGROUND: The optimal dose of warfarin varies among individuals, and the prediction of a maintenance dose is difficult. Ethnicity has been reported to influence warfarin dosing. OBJECTIVE: To quantitate the influence of ethnicity on warfarin dose requirement. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university anticoagulation clinic to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on warfarin dose. Inclusion criteria included age > or = 18 years, target international normalized ratio (INR) 2-3, and warfarin management within the clinic for > or = 3 months with a minimum of 5 clinic visits. We collected clinical and demographic data including age, gender, weight, ethnicity, disease states, concomitant medications, indication, weekly warfarin dosage, and INR. To assess potential confounders, multivariate, repeated-measures regression analysis was used to identify and adjust for variables that may influence the maintenance dose of warfarin. RESULTS: Of the 345 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 27% were Asian American, 6% Hispanic, 54% white, and 14% African American. The adjusted mean (95% CI) weekly warfarin doses for patients with an INR goal of 2 to 3 were Asian Americans 24 mg (21 to 27), Hispanics 31 mg (25 to 37), whites 36 mg (34 to 39), and African Americans 43 mg (39 to 47) (p < 0.001). Additional factors found to influence warfarin dose requirement included age, weight, concomitant use of amiodarone, and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Warfarin dose requirements vary across ethnic groups even when adjusted for confounding factors, suggesting that genetic variation contributes to interpatient variability.