寻常型银屑病患者皮肤屏障功能相关指标检测分析

目的:探讨寻常型银屑病患者皮损区与非皮损区、患者与正常人皮肤屏障功能相关指标之间的差异。方法:1.收集寻常型银屑病患者35例,健康志愿者36例,使用皮肤屏障功能测试仪测定患者皮损区、非皮损区、健康志愿者的皮肤角质层含水量、PH值及经皮水分流失(TEWL)。2.收集30例寻常型银屑病患者与34例健康志愿者的血清,分别采用压板法、分光光度法测定NO、VitE水平。结果:寻常型银屑病患者皮损区PH值为(5.69±0.61)高于非皮损区PH值和健康对照组PH值;皮损区含水量为(17.90±6.75),低于非皮损区及健康对照组;皮损区TEWL为(18.58±11.55)g/m²h,高于非皮损区和健康对照组;然而非皮损区与健康对照组的PH值、角质层含水量及TEWL无统计学差异;寻常型银屑病患者血清维生素E含量(7.27±0.96)μg/mL低于健康对照组,银屑病组血清NO含量(5.29±1.91)μg/mL高于健康对照组。结论:寻常型银屑病患者皮损区,皮肤屏障功能指标异常,表现在皮肤表面PH值升高、角质层含水量下降、TEWL值升高、血清VitE下降、血清NO升高。     

特应性皮炎患儿与健康儿童皮肤屏障功能的对比

目的探讨特应性皮炎(AD)患儿与健康儿童皮肤屏障功能的差异。方法 0～7岁的AD患儿和健康儿童各60名,根据不同年龄段分成2组,0～2岁组和2～7岁组各30例。依次进行角质层含水量、pH值、经表皮水分丢失量(TEWL)的测量,使用SPSS13.0统计软件分析。结果 0～2岁、2～7岁AD患儿与健康儿童比较,角质层含水量除前臂无差异外,前额和颊前均明显低于健康对照组;皮肤表面pH值均明显高于健康对照组;0～2岁的AD患儿TEWL值除前臂无差异外,前额和颊前均明显高于健康对照组,而2～7岁AD患儿TEWL值均明显高于健康对照组。结论 AD患儿与健康儿童比较,皮肤屏障功能存在障碍。表现为角质层含水量、皮肤表面pH值、TEWL值有不同程度的差异。     

雌激素受体在女性面部皮肤的表达

用免疫组化方法检测雌激素受体在女性面部皮肤中的表达.探讨皮肤形态特点和老化与雌激素的关系.显示雌激素受体的两种亚型(ERα,ERβ)在皮肤均有表达,其中ERα只表达在皮脂腺细胞核中;ERβ在皮肤表达广泛,是皮肤的主要雌激素受体,真皮成纤维细胞、表皮基底细胞、皮脂腺细胞、毛囊外毛根鞘细胞、汗管内皮细胞均有ERβ表达.皮肤是雌激素重要的靶器官,可从各个方面影响皮肤的结构和功能.毛发的生长和脱落,皮脂分泌、皮肤老化进程都与雌激素有关.     

旁氏无暇透白日霜改善黄褐斑及其皮肤屏障功能的疗效观察

目的观察旁氏无暇透白日霜(SPF 15 PA++)改善黄褐斑临床症状及皮肤屏障功能的疗效。方法采用随机双盲、自身对照的临床研究方法。选取30例面部皮损较对称的黄褐斑患者,受试者每天用温水清洁面部,半脸使用约0.5g测试产品,另外半脸使用等量对照产品,早晚各1次,2次/d。分别于首诊、治疗后第28天、56天评估皮损情况。结果①主观比较:实验组基本治愈0例,显效4例,好转10例,无效16例,总有效率46.6%。对照组基本治愈0例,显效1例,好转5例,无效24例,总有效率20.0%。治疗组与对照组疗效经卡方检验差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。②TEWL值:试验组与对照组随时间延长TEWL值均值均有所降低,治疗组与对照组相比0、28、56天P值均0.05,差异无统计学意义。③皮肤角质层含水量:试验组与对照组随时间延长皮肤角质层含水量均值均有所升高,治疗组与对照组相比0、28天P值均0.05,差异无统计学意义,第56天时,试验组角质层含水量(41.14±5.94)与对照组角质层含水量(41.90±5.81)比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。④LAB值检测:随时间延长实验组与对照组LabL值均值均有所升高、LabA值均值无明显变化、LabB值均值均有所下降。实验组与对照组相比,LabL值0、28天P值均0.05,差异无统计学意义;56天时,实验组LabL值(58.92±3.52)与对照组LabL值(56.86±3.11)相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。LabA值0、28、56天P值均0.05,差异无统计学意义。LabB值0、28天P值均0.05,差异无统计学意义;56天时,实验组LabB值(15.21±1.90)与对照组LabB值(16.16±1.52)相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论受试品"旁氏无暇透白日霜"和对照品市售"凡士林保湿露"均具有良好的美白、保湿、恢复皮肤屏障的效果,并且"旁氏无暇透白日霜"美白效果显著优于对照品市售"凡士林保湿露"。     

皮肤屏障功能解析

本文从皮肤的基本结构和生化组成入手,对表皮角蛋白分化、中间丝相关蛋白表达、角质层细胞间脂质以及皮肤水脂膜等不同层次上的皮肤物理性屏障功能进行了逐层分析,同时密切结合临床相关皮肤疾病的病因病理,对皮肤屏障结构的异常变化进行了讨论。皮肤屏障功能是皮肤科最基本的问题之一。深入研究皮肤的屏障功能,从皮肤屏障功能的视角审视众多皮肤病,可能会有新的启发和认识。     

紧密连接的结构组成及其屏障功能研究进展

细胞紧密连接对维持机体表皮和内皮的正常结构和功能具有重要作用。在哺乳动物中,紧密连接由不同类型的跨膜蛋白及细胞内胞质蛋白组成。跨膜蛋白主要有闭锁蛋白、水闸蛋白及连接黏附分子,胞质蛋白有闭锁小带蛋白1、闭锁小带蛋白2、闭锁小带蛋白3、扣带蛋白等。研究表明,紧密连接的改变与皮肤屏障功能损伤密切相关,且可能参与很多皮肤病的发病过程。     

皮肤屏障与化妆品

本文根据国际美容皮肤科学会（ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｏｆＣｏｓｍｅｔｉｃＤｅｒｍａｔｏｌｏｇｙ）秘书长Ｐｉｅｒ－ｆｒａｎｃｅｓｏＭｏｒｇａｎｔｉ，１９９６年７月１９日在南京所作学术报告的幻灯片内容整理     

主观皮肤类型与皮肤屏障功能的关系

目的:比较不同主观皮肤类型(油性、中性和干性皮肤)屏障功能指标的差异。方法:利用无创性方法对自评为油性、中性和干性皮肤的20~25岁北京城市女性(各30例)进行皮脂分泌率(SER)、角质层含水量、p H值和经皮肤水分丢失(TEWL)值的检测,并采用胶带连续粘脱后监测TEWL值变化的方法评价角质层完整性,采用角质层取样蛋白定量的方法评价角质层黏合力和丝氨酸蛋白酶活性。结果:主观皮肤类型为中性皮肤者具有最佳的屏障功能;干性皮肤和油性皮肤者面颊部的屏障功能均有不同程度的受损,表现为TEWL值明显升高、p H值升高、丝氨酸蛋白酶活性增加;但二者也有区别,油性皮肤者角质层完整性下降更明显,而干性皮肤主要是角质层黏合力明显减弱。结论:自评为油性和干性皮肤者与中性皮肤者相比,屏障功能均存在一定程度的缺陷,油性皮肤与干性皮肤均具有不同特点,且与其屏障受损的机制不同有关。     

皮肤屏障与相关皮肤病

皮肤具有屏障、吸收、分泌、排泄、代谢、免疫、体温调节及感觉功能,其中,皮肤屏障(skin barrier)功能是基础,即对外抵抗抗原物质、微生物、日光等的侵袭,对内防止体内营养物质、水分的丢失,使皮肤维持正常的生理功能,预防某些皮肤病的发生[1].如果皮肤屏障受损,经表皮水分流失(TEWL)增加,皮肤将出现干燥、脱屑.同时,对外界抗原及微生物的抵御作用减弱,可诱发和加重某些皮肤病发生.     

皮肤屏障功能与润肤保湿霜

1　皮肤屏障功能 (skinbarrierfunction)　　皮肤是人体最大的器官 ,它被盖于整个人体表面 ,总面积为 1 5～ 2m2 ,占人体总重量的 5 %。皮肤厚度为 0 5～ 4mm ,最外层为表皮 (epidermis) ,它由 5层角质形成细胞(keratinocytes)组成 ,最外层由 2 0层已死亡扁平无核的角质细胞所构成 ,内含角蛋白是皮肤的主要屏障和保护层。皮肤有许多功能 ,而首当其冲的是屏障功能 ,它既能防止外界化学、物理、机械、生物诸多因素的侵入 ;又能防止水份、营养物质经表皮而丢失。皮肤角质层含水量为 2 0 %～35 % ,如果低于 1 0 %皮肤就会干燥、粗糙、脱屑。…     

Localization of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis and serine palmitoyl transferase activity: alterations imposed by permeability barrier requirements

Sphingolipids, the predominant lipid species in mammalian stratum corneum play, a central role in permeability barrier homeostatis. Prior studies have shown that the epidermis synthesizes abundant sphingolipids, a process regulated by barrier requirements, and that inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis interferes with barrier homeostasis. To investigate further the relationship between epidermal sphingolipid metabolism and barrier function, we localized sphingolipid synthetic activity in murine epidermis under basal conditions, and following acute (acetone treatment) or chronic (essential fatty acid deficiency, EFAD) barrier perturbation, using dithiothreitol and/or the staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin to isolate the lower from the outer epidermis. Under basal conditions, both the activity of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of sphingolipid synthesis, and the rates of³H-H₂O incorporation into sphingolipids were nearly equivalent in the lower and the outer epidermis. Following acute barrier perturbation, SPT activity increased significantly in both the lower (35%;P < 0.05) and the outer epidermal layers (60%;P < 0.01). The rates of³H-H₂O incorporation into each major sphingolipid family, including ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingomyelin, increased significantly in both the lower and the outer epidermis of treated flanks after acute barrier disruption. Finally, SPT activity was modestly elevated (20%;P < 0.01) in the lower but not in the outer epidermis of EFAD animals. These studies demonstrate the ability of both lower and outer epidermal cells to generate sphingolipids, and that permeability barrier homeostatic mechanisms appear to differentially regulate SPT acitivity and sphingolipid synthesis in the lower and the outer epidermis in response to acute and chronic barrier perturbation. Moreover, intraepidermal sites of sphingolipid synthesis displayed distinctive differences in the localization and alterations of cholesterologenesis in response to equivalent barrier perturbations.     

健康儿童皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量的相关性研究

目的探讨角质层含水量与透皮失水率的相关性。方法 2021年10月至2022年6月在普宁市公共健康医疗中心、2所幼儿园及2所小学招募≤ 17岁健康儿童。用皮肤生理功能测量仪测量健康儿童左前臂屈侧和右胫前部位的透皮失水率和角质层含水量, 采用Pearson相关分析法分析不同年龄、性别儿童的透皮失水率与角质层含水量的相关性。结果共招募1 396例健康儿童, 年龄1个月至17岁, 男783例、女613例。在1 ～ < 12个月组, 除男童前臂部位的皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性外, 男童胫前和女童前臂及胫前部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈正相关(r值为0.283、0.404、0.420, 均P < 0.05);在1 ～ 2岁组, 男童前臂和女童胫前部位的皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性, 而男童胫前和女童前臂部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈正相关(r值为0.370、0.419, 均P < 0.01);在3 ～ 5岁组和6 ～ 11岁组, 除6 ～ 11岁组男童胫前的透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性外, 两组男女性其他部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈...     

Effect of barrier perturbation on cutaneous penetration of salicylic acid in hairless rats: in vivo pharmacokinetics using microdialysis and non-invasive quantification of barrier function

Abstract The penetration of topically applied drugs is altered in diseased or barrier-damaged skin. We used microdialysis in the dermis to measure salicylic acid (SA) penetration in hairless rats following application to normal (unmodified) skin (n = 11) or skin with perturbed barrier function from (1) tape-stripping (n = 5), (2) sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 2% for 24 h (n = 3) or (3) delipidization by acetone (n = 4). Prior to the experiment, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema were measured. Two microdialysis probes were inserted into the dermis on the side of the trunk and 5% SA in ethanol was applied in a chamber overlying the probes. Microdialysis sampling was continued for 4 h, followed by measurements of probe depth by ultrasound scanning. SA was detectable in all samples and rapidly increasing up to 130 min. Microdialysates collected between 80 and 200 min showed mean SA concentrations of 3 μg/ml in unmodified and acetone-treated skin, whereas mean SA concentrations were 280 μg/ml in SLS-pretreated skin and 530 μg/ml in tape-stripped skin (P < 0.001). The penetration of SA correlated with barrier perturbation measured by TEWL (P < 0.001) and erythema (P < 0.001). A correlation between dermal probe depth and SA concentration was found in unmodified skin (P = 0.04). Microdialysis sampling in anatomical regions remote from the dosed site excluded the possibility that SA levels measured were due to systemic absorption. Microdialysis sampling of cutaneous penetration was highly reproducible. Impaired barrier function, caused by irritant dermatitis or tape stripping, resulted in an 80- to 170-fold increase in the drug level in the dermis. This dramatic increase in drug penetration could be relevant to humans, in particular to topical treatment of skin diseases and to occupational toxicology. Received: 15 October 1998 / Received after Revision: 5 March 1999 / Accepted: 12 March 1999     

敏感性皮肤及其处理对策

敏感性皮肤是指皮肤对多种内外因素的耐受性降低、敏感性增强。敏感皮肤的发生与年龄、性别、身体解剖部位以及种族有关。敏感性皮肤者生活质量下降。由于其病因不明,有效控制敏感性皮肤一直是个挑战。近来研究显示,表皮通透屏障功能和瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体与敏感性皮肤的发生有关。因此,改善表皮通透屏障功能和瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体抑制剂可能有助于改善敏感性皮肤。     

【开放获取】皮肤干燥是通透屏障功能受损的表现吗？

【摘要】 有学者认为,皮肤干燥是表皮通透屏障功能受损的表现,但目前尚没有足够的证据证明这一观点。实际上,皮肤干燥是角质层含水量降低的表现。角质层含水量主要由角质层天然保湿因子的量决定,而表皮通透屏障功能则主要由角质层脂质的质和量以及结构蛋白决定。如果皮肤干燥是由表皮通透屏障功能降低所致,那么,角质层含水量应当与透皮失水率呈负相关性。但是研究表明,无论是正常人皮肤、鱼鳞病皮损或皮脂腺缺乏的小鼠皮肤,角质层含水量与透皮失水率均无负相关性。相反,有研究显示,人角质层含水量与透皮失水率呈正相关性。因此,皮肤干燥似乎不是表皮通透屏障功能受损的表现。     

Disruption of barrier function in dermatophytosis and pityriasis versicolor

Dermatophytes have the ability to form molecular attachments to keratin and use it as a source of nutrients, colonizing keratinized tissues, including the stratum corneum of the skin. Malassezia species also affect the stratum corneum of the skin. Therefore, dermatophytosis and pityriasis versicolor of the skin are thought to be important factors of profound changes in skin barrier structure and function. We aimed to describe the changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, and skin pH in the lesions of the dermatophytosis and pityriasis versicolor. Thirty-six patients with dermatophytosis (14 with tinea cruris, 13 with tinea corporis and nine with tinea pedis or tinea manus) and 11 patients with pityriasis versicolor were included in this study. TEWL, stratum corneum conductance and skin pH were determined by biophysical methods to examine whether our patients exhibited changes in barrier function. Dermatophytosis and pityriasis versicolor except tinea pedis and tinea manus showed highly significant increase in TEWL compared with adjacent infection-free skin. Hydration was significantly reduced in lesional skin compared with adjacent infection-free skin. From this study, infections with dermatophytes and Malassezia species on the body can alter biophysical properties of the skin, especially the function of stratum corneum as a barrier to water loss. On the contrary, infections with dermatophytes on the palms and soles little affect the barrier function of the skin.     

Topical hesperidin improves epidermal permeability barrier function and epidermal differentiation in normal murine skin

Orange peel extract appears to exhibit beneficial effects on skin whitening, inflammation, UVB protection, as well as keratinocyte proliferation. In the present study, we determine whether topical hesperidin influences epidermal permeability barrier function and its underlying mechanisms. Hairless mice were treated topically with 2% hesperidin or 70% ethanol alone twice daily for 6 days. At the end of treatment, basal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured 2 and 4 h post barrier disruption. Epidermal proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Additionally, lamellar body density and secretion were assessed by electron microscopy. Although there were no significant differences in basal barrier function, in comparison with control animals, topical hesperidin significantly accelerated barrier recovery at both 2 and 4 h after acute barrier abrogation. Enhanced barrier function in hesperidin-treated skin correlated with stimulation of both epidermal proliferation and differentiation, as well as enhanced lamellar body secretion. These results indicate that topical hesperidin enhances epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis at least in part due to stimulation of epidermal proliferation, differentiation, as well as lamellar body secretion.     

Improved barrier function observed in cultured skin substitutes developed under anchored conditions

Background/purpose: The current method of producing cultured skin substitutes (CSS) is focused on providing treatments for severe skin wounds/burns. We have developed a modified growth method to make them more suitable for in vitro product‐testing/toxicity‐testing purposes. Method: CSS grown in Petri dishes were either transferred to Franz diffusion cells on day 5 (modified method) or left in the Petri dish (standard method) and maintained in these environments for the remainder of the growth phase. Mitochondrial metabolism (MTT assay) was measured on days 5, 10 and 14 and histology was studied on days 5, 10 and 14. Barrier function for all tissues was evaluated by transferring them to Franz cells (standard method) and measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), ³H₂O penetration and ¹⁴C‐niacinamide permeability on days 7, 14 and 21. Results: CSS grown by the standard and modified methods showed comparable cell viability and tissue morphology. Barrier function, however, was markedly improved in CSS grown by the modified method. The average improvement at days 7 and 14 was 1.3‐fold for TEWL, 2.1‐fold for ³H₂O penetration and 6.4‐fold for ¹⁴C‐niacinamide permeability. The barrier function of CSS grown by the modified method was still significantly lower than that of human cadaver skin tested by the same methods. Conclusions: CSS developed using the anchored multi‐cell system showed similar cell viability and morphology and improved barrier function compared with CSS produced by the standard Petri dish method, thereby improving its potential as an in vitro skin permeability and toxicity model.     

Evaluation of topical retinoids for cutaneous pharmacological activity in Yucatan microswine

The pharmacological effects of retinoids on skin have been studied primarily in test systems using small animals, such as mice and rabbits. Because of potentially significant differences in skin permeation and metabolism between small animals and humans, we have used Yucatan microswine as an alternative model for testing topical retinoids. Microswine skin resembles human skin, functionally and anatomically, more closely than most other species. In these studies, microswine skin was treated topically with retinoids for 5 consecutive days per week for 5 weeks. We found microswine epidermis to be functionally responsive to retinoids in that it undergoes hyperplasia and shows an increase in transepidermal water loss (TEWL). All-trans-retinoic acid, and its analogs, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid and 4-oxo-retinoic acid all caused epidermal thickening and increased TEWL. The three analogs were less potent than all-trans-retinoic acid. A synthetic retinoid, TTNPB, potently induced epidermal hyperplasia and increased TEWL, but a close stuctural analog, m-carboxy-TTNPB, which is also inactive on nuclear retinoic acid receptors, was without effects on microswine epidermis. These findings show that microswine are useful for evaluating the cutaneous effects of topical retinoids. This model could be of value in identifying retinoids with potential clinical activity.