乳腺癌根治术后预防皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的治疗体会

目的 探讨改良乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的防治措施.方法 分析行改良乳腺癌根治术患者107例,其中对照组52例患者,采取常规术中术后处理;观察组55例患者,在常规处理的基础上,术终采取皮瓣外固定、持续负压吸引的综合预防措施,比较两组患者术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的发生情况.结果 观察组与对照组患者在皮下积液、皮瓣坏死方面比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对改良乳腺癌根治术患者采取综合预防措施可减少术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的发生.     

乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死的防治

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死的防治方法。方法对2003年9月～2007年8月我院行乳腺癌改良根术的47例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例病人发生不同范围皮瓣坏死。9例经换药治愈,2例因坏死范围较大行11期手术缝合后痊愈。结论就乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死而言,主要在于预防。一旦发生大范围皮瓣坏死,及时11期手术是一种实用的方法。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死的防治

目的 探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死的防治方法.方法 对 2003 年9月～2007 年8月我院行乳腺癌改良根术的 47 例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 11 例病人发生不同范围皮瓣坏死.9例经换药治愈,2例因坏死范围较大行Ⅱ期手术缝合后痊愈.结论 就乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死而言,主要在于预防.一旦发生大范围皮瓣坏死,及时Ⅱ期手术是一种实用的方法.     

乳腺癌改良根治术后双管引流的应用及护理

目的:探讨乳腺癌改良根治术后双管负压引流的护理方法及效果。方法:将2011年2月~2013年2月间收治的乳腺癌改良根治术患者128例随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者术后采用传统护理,观察组采用双管负压引流、弹性胸带加压包扎,比较2组患者皮下积液及皮瓣坏死的发生情况。结果:对照组皮下积液16例(25.0%),皮瓣坏死7例(10.9%);观察组皮下积液6例(9.4%),皮瓣坏死2例(1.6%);皮下积液及皮瓣坏死发生率组间比较均有显著差异(P0.05)。结论:乳腺癌改良根治术后双管负压引流、弹性胸带加压包扎可有效减少皮下积液及皮瓣坏死的发生,促进患者康复。     

双管负压引流在乳腺癌改良根治术后的应用

目的 了解双管负压引流在乳腺癌改良根治术中的作用.方法 收集75例接受乳腺癌改良根治术并行双管负压引流患者的临床资料,分析术后皮下积液和皮瓣缺血坏死的情况.结果 75例接受乳腺癌改良根治术并行双管负压引流患者手术后发生皮下积液的21例积液量均小于20 ml,皮瓣坏死3例均为小范围坏死,全组患者预后理想.结论 乳腺癌改良根治术术后应用双管负压引流,可减少皮下积液和皮瓣缺血坏死的发生.     

乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的防治体会

目的探讨降低改良乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的防治措施。方法回顾性分析行改良乳腺癌根治术患者52例,以上患者采取常规术中术后处理;选择近期行改良乳腺癌根治术患者55例,以上患者在常规处理的基础上,术中采用横梭形切口、术后早期除去加压包扎、多根引流管引流的综合预防措施,比较两组患者术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的发生情况。结果观察组与对照组在无积液和大量积液、无坏死和重度坏死方面比较,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对改良乳腺癌根治术患者采取以上综合预防措施,可减少术后皮瓣坏死及皮下积液的发生。     

50%酒精预防乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死56例分析

目的:探讨降低乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死的有效方法。方法:对56例常规预防皮瓣坏死综合措施的基础上,加用50%酒精纱布湿敷创面的乳腺癌改良根治术患者,作为观察组;对336例常规预防皮瓣坏死综合措施的乳腺癌改良根治术患者作为对照组,观察两组患者皮瓣的皮瓣愈合情况。结果:观察组皮瓣坏死6例(坏死率10.7%);对照组皮瓣坏死78例(坏死率23.2%),两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:50%酒精纱布创面外敷,可明显降低乳腺癌改良根治术后皮瓣坏死的发生率。     

乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死原因的分析与预防(附512例报告)

皮瓣坏死是乳腺癌改良根治术后最常见的并发症,可使术后综合治疗延迟,降低生存率[1].为探讨有效预防乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死的措施,我们对1992年1月至2006年1月采用传统方法及新方法手术治疗的512例乳腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,报告如下.     

50%酒精在预防乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死的应用体会

目的探讨降低乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死的有效方法。方法对56例乳腺癌患者用电刀实施乳腺癌改良根治术,在预防皮瓣坏死综合措施的基础上加用50%酒精纱布湿敷创面。结果术后发生皮瓣坏死6例,发生率9.3%。结论50%酒精纱布创面外敷治疗可明显降低乳腺癌术后皮瓣坏死发生率。     

乳腺癌根治术后预防皮瓣坏死的探讨

目的：为预防乳腺癌根治术后皮瓣坏死。方法：对1996年至2003年12月收治的153例乳腺癌根治术后患者，采用改进术中操作方法及放置引流管预防皮瓣坏死。结果：153例乳腺癌根治术患者中，19例发生皮瓣坏死，坏死率12．41％。结论：乳腺癌根治术后真皮层管网的损伤是皮瓣坏死的主要原因。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.