腹腔镜胆囊切除术中或术后发现胆囊癌的治疗体会

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中或术后意外发现胆囊癌的治疗.方法 对550例施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中或术后意外发现的11例胆囊癌的患者进行评价.结果 组织学诊断腺癌11例(2％),无1例入院时有急性胆囊炎症状,并且术前均未怀疑恶性,化验指标均在正常范围内.T2期2例,T3期7例,T4期2例.2例T2期及3例T3期患者拒绝任何进一步治疗.2例术中诊断的T3期患者中转开腹行胆囊切除+胆囊床切除+区域淋巴结清扫术.其余2例T3期患者行二次手术切除胆囊床+区域淋巴结清扫术.2例T4期患者无法手术切除.未出现穿刺孔转移,二次手术的T3期患者未发现肿瘤腹腔内播散.生存3～14个月,平均8.1个月.结论 胆囊癌生存期短、预后差,精细的腹腔镜操作技术对胆囊癌的诊断及早期并发症的避免发生至关重要.     

意外胆囊癌的外科诊治现状

意外胆囊癌(incidental gallbladder cancer,IGBC)是指在术前评估为胆囊良性疾病,在行胆囊切除术术中发现或者术后病理确诊的胆囊癌。由于其起病隐匿,早期无特异性临床表现,并且往往合并其他胆囊良性病变,导致术前确诊困难。随着腹腔镜胆囊切除术在各级医院的广泛开展,意外胆囊病例也随之增多。现代影像学、病理学检查有助于提高胆囊癌的术前诊断率,减少意外胆囊癌的发生。第8版AJCC胆囊癌TNM分期对意外胆囊癌手术方式选择与预后判断起着至关重要的指导作用。对于意外胆囊癌的进一步治疗,以根治性手术为主的综合治疗是目前改善意外胆囊癌患者预后最为有效的手段,T2和T3期意外胆囊癌经二次根治性治疗效果明显。单一手术方式并不适用于各期意外胆囊癌,具体手术方式应根据患者肿瘤TNM分期而定。化疗、放疗的综合治疗对于意外胆囊癌虽已取得一定成效,但总体效果尚不满意。目前国内外对意外胆囊癌开展相关研究的重视程度不足,意外胆囊癌相关研究的进展相对缓慢,临床上仍缺乏一个全面有效处理意外胆囊癌的准则与规范,诸多方面仍存在一定的困惑与争议。本文对近年来意外胆囊癌综合治疗的研究进展与疑点进行简要概述。      

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌35例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌患者的诊治方法。方法对本院2004年1月至2010年5月9 076例LC中35例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 35例患者中术中诊断14例,术后诊断21例。行单纯LC者21例,中转开腹手术14例,Ⅰ期手术3例。行胆囊切除加淋巴清扫9例,胆囊切除加淋巴清扫加肝楔形切除5例。NevinⅠ期17例,Ⅱ期15例,Ⅲ期2例,Ⅳ期1例。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期32例,除3例失访外,其余29例3年后均存活;Ⅲ期2例,分别于术后13、16个月后死亡;Ⅳ期1例,于术后2个月死亡。结论行LC时应高度警惕意外胆囊癌的发生,意外发现的胆囊癌多属早期,早期行手术治疗是提高胆囊癌患者生存期的有效手段。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌37例临床分析

目的:总结腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术中、术后意外胆囊癌的临床特点,探讨其漏诊产生原因、防治措施及改善预后的对策。方法:回顾性分析我院及解放军第451医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术中或术后发现的37例意外胆囊癌的临床资料及随访结果。结果:术中发现11例,术后发现26例。Nevin分期:I期4例,II期12例,III期11例,IV期6例,V期4例。2例I期、1例II期、4例IV期和2例V期患者仅行腹腔镜胆囊切除术;27例中转开腹或二次手术行胆囊癌根治术或扩大根治术;1例V期患者行姑息性手术。至研究结束时,共有29例患者死亡,8例患者存活,总病死率为78.4%。行根治术或扩大根治术治疗的患者,术后第1、2、3年累积生存率分别为85.2%、66.7%、48.1%;仅行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者,术后第1、2、3年累积生存率分别为55.6%、44.4%、22.2%。全组病例共出现术后Trocar切口种植转移3例5处,发生率为8.1%。结论:对胆囊癌的高危人群要提高警惕,术前应全面分析临床资料,术中应仔细剖检标本,并对可疑标本行冰冻切片检查,以避免漏诊。发现意外胆囊癌,应尽可能早期行根治性手术,术中需采取必要的措施预防切口转移。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌的处理

目的:探讨在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌(UGC)的处理方法。方法:总结分析13例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料。结果:13例中,单纯腹腔镜胆囊切除术8例,术中中转开腹2例,腹腔镜术后再开腹1例,T4期放弃治疗2例。结论:尽早诊断,术中无瘤操作,及时根治切除,尽量缩短手术时间,是延长UGC患者术后生存期及减少切口转移的关键。     

术中冰冻或术后石蜡病理报告T1b期胆囊癌的外科治疗策略

目的：探讨术中冰冻或术后石蜡病理报告T1b期胆囊癌的外科治疗策略。方法：回顾42例T1b期胆囊癌患者的病理资料,其中14例为术中冰冻病理,28例为术后石蜡病理。经病理科医师重新复核,26例明确为T1b期胆囊癌,其中25例患者获得完整随访资料,本研究对其进行进一步的分析。结果：14例冰冻病理为T1b期的胆囊癌患者仅2例石蜡病理为T1b期,其余11例为T2期,1例为T3期,冰冻病理误诊率为85.7%,石蜡病理均等于或高于冰冻病理分期;28例石蜡病理为T1b期的胆囊癌患者2例复核为T2期,石蜡病理误诊率为7.1%,复核结果均等于或高于原分期。25例复核明确且有完整随访资料患者术后病理均未见胆囊脉管内癌栓或神经侵犯,其中14例行根治手术患者送检淋巴结30枚,均未见癌转移。25例患者中11例仅行单纯胆囊切除术,其余14例追加腹腔镜或开腹根治手术,两组间生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.361）。仅1例行腹腔镜根治术及胆囊减压的患者发生腹腔种植转移,术后2年因广泛种植转移而死亡。结论：胆囊切除术中冰冻病理T1b期胆囊癌应行同期根治手术,术后石蜡病理T1b期胆囊癌应复核其T分期,对复核明确的T1b期胆囊癌需慎重评估追加根治手术的利弊,如果术中有胆囊破损建议积极化疗。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术后意外胆囊癌的诊断处理及预后分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)后意外胆囊癌的诊断、处理及预后.方法 选取2009年1月-2012年12月我院收治的30例腹腔镜胆囊切除术后意外胆囊癌患者作为研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,归纳病理诊断结果、治疗方法以及预后情况.结果 病理分期:pT1期10例,pT2期13例,pT3期7例.30例患者术后随访时间为6个月～47个月,平均(24.85±8.96)个月,随访期间共有26例患者死亡,病死率为86.67％.17例患者接受胆囊癌根治术,其术后1年、3年存活率分别为52.94％,29.41％;13例患者仅进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,其术后1年、3年存活率分别为38.46％,0％.结论 在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中应对意外胆囊癌的发生予以高度警惕,发现意外胆囊癌后应及时进行术中冰冻病理诊断,确诊后及时对患者实施胆囊癌根治术等治疗.     

意外胆囊癌11例诊治分析

目的探讨意外胆囊癌的诊治。方法分析11例意外胆囊癌的临床资料,总结临床诊治经验。结果11例患者中,术前诊断慢性结石性胆囊炎8例,Mirrizi综合征1例,胆囊息肉2例。2例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,9例行开腹胆囊切除术。术中冰冻切片证实胆囊癌5例,术后病理确诊6例。Nevin分期：Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期3例,Ⅴ期1例。单纯胆囊切除术5例,胆囊癌根治术5例,胆囊癌根治术＋部分胆管切除肝总管空肠吻合术1例。二次手术2例。死亡3例,存活8例。结论重视胆囊癌的高危因素,术中对切除胆囊进行剖检及冰冻切片检查,术后行常规石蜡切片检查,有利于发现意外胆囊癌;术中及时或术后二次手术行胆囊癌根治术可以延长生存时间,改善预后。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌的诊治

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中发现意外胆囊癌(UGC)的手术方法及预防复发转移的策略。方法回顾分析我院2008年10月～2010年2月1204例LC术中,7例UGC患者的临床资料,结合目前文献报道经验,对UGC的治疗方法进行分析。结果 7例患者2例术中冷冻活检,5例术后病检均证实为胆囊癌,Nevin病理分期:I期3例,II期2例,Ⅲ期1例,IV期1例。其中腺癌4例,腺鳞癌2例,粘液腺癌1例。无手术死亡患者。术后随访24～36个月,IV期1例于术后10个月死于肿瘤广泛腹腔转移;Ⅲ期1例于术后14个月死于肿瘤腹腔广泛转移伴腹壁戳孔处种植。另5例I、II期患者随访时间均超过24个月,未见肿瘤复发、转移。结论胆囊癌恶性程度高,早期缺乏典型临床症状,难以早发现、早诊治,导致总体预后差。LC手术中发现的UGC多属早期病变,根据不同的病理分期采取合理的综合治疗手段,可获得良好疗效。     

腹腔镜手术意外胆囊癌的处理

[目的]探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中意外胆囊癌(unsuspected gallbladdercarcinoma,UGC)的治疗方法.[方法]回顾分析了3517例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中20例意外胆囊癌的临床资料.[结果]20例均先行LC术,20例中有2例为低分化腺癌,5例中分化腺癌,13例高分化腺癌.所有患者行LC后均未再行手术;1例III期患者行胆囊切除术+局部淋巴结清除,1例Ⅳ期患者行胆囊姑息性切除手术. [结论]LC是早期胆囊癌的首选治疗方式.Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的意外胆囊癌行LC可达到根治目的;Ⅲ期和Ⅴ期的患者应当行根治性切除术.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.