22例特发性低颅压综合征的临床与MRI分析

目的探讨特发性低颅压综合征（SIHS）的临床特点、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析22例SIHS患者的临床表现、腰穿和头颅影像学特征。结果22例患者均有体位性头痛,卧位时缓解;脑脊液压力50～70mm H2O9例,20～50mm H2O6例,7例未测出。部分轻度白细胞增多和蛋白增高;20例行头颅MRI检查,其中14例显示脑膜强化。结论认识SIHS的临床特点、脑脊液变化和头颅MRI强化的特征,是诊断的关键。     

原发性低颅压综合征的临床及影像学特点

目的:探讨原发性低颅压综合征的临床特点和影像学改变。方法:回顾性分析10例原发性低颅压综合征(SIH)患者的临床表现、脑脊液检查及影像资料。结果:10例患者体位性头痛的发生率为100%,可伴有头晕、恶心、呕吐、耳鸣、复视、颈抵抗、行走不稳;腰穿脑脊液(CSF)压力均低于70 mmH2O,50%患者蛋白升高,40%白细胞升高,20%红细胞升高。影像学检查可见硬脑膜增厚、弥漫性强化、硬膜下积液和硬膜下血肿等表现。经补液治疗后均痊愈。结论:体位性头痛是原发性低颅压综合征的特征性改变,腰椎穿刺及头颅MR I检查具有诊断价值;本病误诊率较高,经治疗后预后良好。     

原发性低颅压综合征13例临床分析

低颅压综合征(spontaneous intracranial hypotension,SIH)分为原发性和继发性两类.原发性低颅压综合征是指原因不明, 颅内压低于70 mm H2O的以体位性头痛为主要表现的临床综合征.多以体位性头痛、呕吐、颈强直为主要表现.1998年1月-2007年9月, 我们共诊治原发性低颅压性头痛13例, 结合文献资料回顾分析如下.     

原发性低颅压综合征17例分析

目的：分析研究自发性低颅压综合征（SIH）的临床特点。方法：分析7年内收治的17例SIH患的临床、脑脊液及头颅MRI检查结果、误诊情况。结果：临床表现为特征性的起立时头痛、呕吐，卧痊时消失。脑脊液压力均低于70mmH2O。含少许红细胞、蛋白含量增高。其中4例呈血性。头颅MRI示桥池变窄等特征性改变。结论：认识SIH的临床、脑脊液和影像学改革，并与蛛网膜下腔出血鉴别。     

自发性低颅压综合征的再认识

目的 探讨自发性低颅压综合征(SIH)的临床特点、脑脊液(CSF)和影像学的改变及预后.方法 观察2004-2008年收治的19例SIH患者的临床表现、CSF和中枢神经系统影像学的特征及预后.结果 18例患者初诊时有体位性头痛,其中1例患者随病情发展体位性头痛减轻,另1例患者就诊时体位性头痛不明显.患者可有不同的伴随症状,18例患者CSF压力＜60 mm H2O,细胞和蛋白轻中度增高,患者均行颅脑CT检查,14例正常,2例硬膜下积液,3例硬膜下血肿,其中2例血肿较大且病情进行性加重,行颅脑MRI检查的6例患者中5例显示弥漫性硬脑膜增厚等.结论 SIH的临床特点、CSF改变和MRI表现具有一定的特征性.SIH并非都是良性预后,少数患者可能会并发硬膜下较大的血肿,导致病情进行性加重,需要急诊行脑外科手术治疗.     

自发性低颅压综合征的临床表现及影像学特点

目的 分析自发性低颅压综合征(SIH)的临床表现及影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析12例临床诊断明确的SIH患者的临床表现及影像资料.结果 12例患者均有直立性头痛,11例伴有恶心、呕吐,7例头晕,1例耳鸣,1例复视,1例反复癫痫大发作,1例颈项强直.腰椎穿刺结果提示12例患者脑脊液压力均低于60 mm H2O,10例蛋白质增高,2例白细胞计数升高,2例红细胞计数升高.6例行颅脑CT平扫,1例见脑室变窄、硬膜下积液.12例患者均行颅脑MRI检查,6例示硬脑膜弥漫性强化,1例小脑幕强化、上矢状窦扩张,1例硬膜下积液,2例脑下垂,2例垂体增大,2例脑池变窄.结论 直立性头痛是SIH最典型的临床症状,硬脑膜弥漫性强化是最常见的影像学表现,脑脊液容量减低是SIH临床及影像学的病理生理基础.     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成14例临床分析

目的探讨颅内静脉窦血栓形成（CVST）的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析14例CVST患者的临床资料。结果12例患者以头痛为首发表现,其次为意识障碍和癫痫发作,所有患者均有肭脊液压力升高。头颅CT检查的阳性率较低,仅57．1％;头颅MRI＋MRV联合检查阳性率提高,为100％。给予抗凝、脱水降颅压及对症治疗后治愈11例,好转3例。结论对首先持续而严重的头痛,且伴有意识障碍、癫痫的患者,应高度怀疑CVST,头颅MRI＋MRV检查是诊断CVST的最佳办法。     

特发性低颅压综合征6例影像学表现

特发性低颅压综合征（spontaneous intracranial hypotension，SIH）是一组原因不明的，以侧卧腰穿脑脊液压力低于0.69kPa（70mm H2O），具有特征性体位性头痛的综合征。鉴于SHI在MRI的特征性影像学表现，现将2005年1月-2007年12月间我院收治的6例SIH影像资料总结分析如下。     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成12例临床分析

目的:分析颅内静脉窦血栓形成的临床资料,总结其早期诊断及治疗方法。方法:收集2005年3月～2009年12月我科收治的12例确诊为颅内静脉窦血栓形成患者的临床资料,并进行回顾性分析。结果:83.3%的患者以头痛为首发表现,其次为意识障碍和癫痫发作,所有患者均有脑脊液压力升高。头颅CT检查的阳性率较低,头颅MRI+MRV联合应用,可显著提高CVST的阳性率,确诊后予抗凝、脱水降颅压及对症治疗,治愈8例,好转3例,死亡1例。结论:对首先持续而严重的头痛,且伴有意识障碍、癫痫的患者,应高度怀疑CVST,头颅MRI+MRV检查是诊断CVST的最佳办法,早期诊断、早期治疗可以改善患者的预后。     

67例原发性低颅压综合征临床、脑脊液和影像学特点

目的：探讨原发性低颅压综合征（spontaneous intracranial hypotension,SIH）的临床、脑脊液（CSF）和影像学特点,以提高该病的诊断。方法：对67例SIH患者的临床特点和脑脊液、影像学检查等客观资料进行总结,并结合文献对其临床特点、发病机制、诊断及鉴别诊断进行分析。结果：本组患者均为急性、亚急性起病,均有体位性头痛,以枕部胀痛最为常见,可伴有恶心、呕吐、头晕、耳鸣、行走不稳、复视、颈肩部疼痛等,查体可有颈强直,脑神经麻痹等体征。CSF压力均〈70 mm H2O（1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa）,可有糖及蛋白含量升高、白细胞轻度增高,并可出现血性CSF。影像学特点可见脑结构下移并可见硬膜下血肿或积液,MRI增强显示硬脑膜增厚并弥漫性强化。给予大量补液及对症支持治疗,效果良好。结论：SIH临床表现复杂多变,体位性头痛是SIH特征性症状,结合腰穿和影像学检查有助于该病的诊治。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.