异种无细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:为深度烧伤、瘢痕切除后的创面寻求一种能控制瘢痕增生与组织凹陷,且廉价,对人体无害,质地良好的永久性覆盖物。方法:选用健康白色小猪,活杀后取皮,用高渗盐水法去除表皮,用酶化学剂脱除皮肤细胞,保留完整的基底膜和细胞外基质形态,制成网状异种无细胞真皮基质。结果:对13例烧伤病人Ⅲ°烧伤创面切痂后行异种无细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植,采用一步法11例,二步法2例,皮片成活率达97％～100％,二种方法无明显差异,复合移植皮片成活后创面平坦,无瘢痕增生或轻度瘢痕增生。结论:异种无细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植是修复深度烧伤创面较理想的材料。     

应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体薄皮片复合移植修复皮肤缺损

目的：应用刃厚皮片修复深度烧伤创面和瘢痕切除刨面，往往形成不同程度的畸形和功能障碍，比较观察应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体薄皮片复合移植的临床效果。方法：2001-06／2002-08上海第二医科大学瑞金医院烧伤科收治深度烧伤创面需手术植皮的患者43例，瘢痕手术患者1例，共44例，男33例，女11例；年龄(33．39&;#177;17．08)岁，平均4～92岁；43例烧伤患者的烧伤面积为(36．63&;#177;25．88)％总体表面积。应用无细胞猪真皮基质移植体薄皮片复合移植的刨面共65处，其中烧伤刨面为64处，瘢痕切除创面1处。移植创面选择：深度烧伤创面切削痂至新鲜、健康组织层面；瘢痕切除后止血满意的新鲜创面。移植方法：一步法，选择复合条件的刨面，移植无细胞猪真皮基质(真皮乳头层向上，与创面平整紧贴，周边可予缝合固定)，并立即取大张自体薄皮片移植于无细胞猪真皮基质上，外覆粗网眼油纱布，并用局部抗菌药物浸渍的绷带包扎固定，再以消毒烫纱包扎。二步法，首次手术时，移植无细胞猪真皮基质后，外覆生物膜或辐照猪皮等生物敷料，然后用局部抗菌药浸渍的绷带包扎固定，外加消毒烫沙加压包扎。通常在1周内再次手术，揭去覆盖于无细胞猪真皮基质上的生物敷料，然后与一步法一样进行大张自体薄皮片的移植。结果：应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体皮复合移植成功率为89．06％，其中烧伤创面的成功率为88．89％。应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体皮复合移植处移植皮片半年后收缩程度较轻(收缩率&;lt;5％)。伤后1周内移植无细胞猪真皮基质的创面，一步法复合移植的成功率为57．14％(4／7)。二步法的成功率为92．31％(36／39)。伤后1周后移植无细胞猪真皮基质的创面，一步法和二步法复合移植的成功率分别为100％(7／7)和90．00％(9／10)。临床应用未发现任何不良反应。结论：无细胞猪真皮基质移植自体皮片复合修复烧伤、瘢痕切除等皮肤组织缺损创面的成功率较高，后期功能和外观良好。     

应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体薄皮片复合移植修复皮肤缺损

目的应用刃厚皮片修复深度烧伤创面和瘢痕切除创面,往往形成不同程度的畸形和功能障碍,比较观察应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体薄皮片复合移植的临床效果。方法2001-06/2002-08上海第二医科大学瑞金医院烧伤科收治深度烧伤创面需手术植皮的患者43例,瘢痕手术患者1例,共44例,男33例,女11例;年龄(33.39±17.08)岁,平均4～92岁;43例烧伤患者的烧伤面积为(36.63±25.88)%总体表面积。应用无细胞猪真皮基质移植体薄皮片复合移植的创面共65处,其中烧伤创面为64处,瘢痕切除创面1处。移植创面选择深度烧伤创面切削痂至新鲜、健康组织层面;瘢痕切除后止血满意的新鲜创面。移植方法一步法,选择复合条件的创面,移植无细胞猪真皮基质(真皮乳头层向上,与创面平整紧贴,周边可予缝合固定),并立即取大张自体薄皮片移植于无细胞猪真皮基质上,外覆粗网眼油纱布,并用局部抗菌药物浸渍的绷带包扎固定,再以消毒烫纱包扎。二步法,首次手术时,移植无细胞猪真皮基质后,外覆生物膜或辐照猪皮等生物敷料,然后用局部抗菌药浸渍的绷带包扎固定,外加消毒烫沙加压包扎。通常在1周内再次手术,揭去覆盖于无细胞猪真皮基质上的生物敷料,然后与一步法一样进行大张自体薄皮片的移植。结果应用无细胞猪真皮基质与自体皮复合移植成功率为89.06%,     

不同方法制备猪脱细胞真皮基质及创面移植的实验研究

目的比较两种方法制备的猪脱细胞真皮基质分别与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复大鼠全层皮肤缺损的效果。方法使用DispaseⅡ／TritonX-100(中性蛋白酶／曲拉通)和高渗盐水／十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)两种方法去除猪表皮及真皮中的细胞成分，分别得到猪脱细胞真皮基质Ⅰ和Ⅱ。63只SD大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损分别使用猪脱细胞真皮基质Ⅰ 自体刃厚皮及猪脱细胞真皮基质Ⅱ 自体刃厚皮覆盖，术后观察移植物成活率和植皮区收缩率，同时取移植物进行组织学观察，并与单纯自体刃厚皮移植相比较。结果两种方法制备的猪脱细胞真皮基质分别与自体刃厚皮复合移植的移植物成活率和植皮区收缩率差异无显著性，组织学观察显示复合皮上皮化良好，胶原纤维排列有序，基底膜结构完整。两复合皮组术后第6周移植物成活率与自体刃厚皮组比较差异均无显著性，术后第4周开始两复合皮组移植物收缩率明显降低。结论两种方法制备的异种脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮复合移植都能很好地修复全层皮肤缺损，改善创面愈合质量。     

自制异种猪去细胞真皮修复切除瘢痕区创面的愈合质量

目的：观察自制异种猪去细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合皮移植在瘢痕切除后植皮区的成活率和瘢痕形成情况组织病理学结果，并于单纯行自体中厚皮移植进行比较。方法：选择2004-03／2005-04解放军总医院第三○四临床部烧伤整形科烧烫伤后瘢痕形成患者21例共29处。瘢痕增生伴痛痒症状明显者15例，瘢痕挛缩明显者6例；供皮区正常皮肤者15例，扁平状瘢痕皮肤者6例。其中取23处为实验组；取6例6个部位的另一侧肢体创面作为对照组，参与患者知情同意。①用健康白色家猪制得异种猪去细胞真皮基质。②移植部位：四肢、躯干。完整切除瘢痕，实验组根据创面大小剪裁自制真皮基质，移植最大面积为10cm&;#215;8cm，真皮面接触植皮区，自体刃厚皮覆盖其上。对照组切除瘢痕后单纯行自体中厚皮移植。两组切除瘢痕手术操作相同。于术后2周和2个月观察植皮成活率和瘢痕形成情况，13个月时取1例患者复合皮组织进行病理学观察。移植皮成活标准为移植皮片色泽红润平坦，与受皮区基底贴附牢固，创缘愈合好，皮片质地柔软，颜色与周围皮肤接近。结果：按意向处理分析，纳入患者21例，均进入结果分析。①术后两组植皮区大体观察：实验组术后2周，植皮成活率100％(23／23)。可见大部分自体刃厚皮红润，有些植皮区尚可看到自体刃厚皮下的网状真皮支架，刃厚皮与其下的真皮基质结合牢固。术后2个月复查，复合皮平整柔软，弹性较好，关节活动正常，但稍有色素沉着，与对照组的中厚皮覆盖的植皮区效果相似，但实验组供皮区瘢痕形成明显轻于对照组。②组织病理学观察：光镜下可见复合皮皮肤结构完整，但表皮较薄，表皮一真皮连接区较平坦，真皮内可见胶原纤维排列较规整，可见微血管结构及成纤维细胞，少许慢性炎性细胞浸润。结论：应用自制异种猪去细胞真皮支架与自体刃厚皮复合移植，可明显改善瘢痕切除后植皮的愈合质量，经济实用。     

异体表皮干细胞与猪脱细胞真皮构建复合皮移植6例

2005-01/2006-10在南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤科就诊的深度烧伤患者6例,均为四肢Ⅲ度烧伤创面.异种(猪)脱细胞真皮与异体表皮干细胞构建的复合皮由南昌大学第一附属医院烧伤中心提供.清创消毒后,6例患者均进行复合皮移植、自体刃厚皮移植,共移植复合皮12块,自体刃厚皮96块.复合皮移植是将复合皮剪成1.5 cm×1.5 cm,粗糙面向下、光滑面向上植于创面上;自体刃厚皮移植是将大片自体刃厚皮铺于矾土林纱布上,剪成1.5cm×1.5 cm,植于复合皮的四周.移植后3 d揭去创面外层纱布,见复合皮及自体刃厚皮与创面粘连好、湿润,呈淡红色:7 d复合皮及自体刃厚皮大部分成活,随后成活的皮片向四周扩展,至14 d大部分皮片接近融合,21 d时创面已基本愈合.移植的复合皮、自体刃厚皮成活数量比较,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).因复合皮扩展情况不如自体刃厚皮,所以复合皮移植后的创面愈合面积小于自体刃厚皮移植(P＜0.01).在临床观察中6例患者暂末发生不良事件和副反应.提示表皮干细胞和(猪)脱细胞真皮构建的人工复合皮移植到受区,可建立血液循环,并保持一定的活力,达到覆盖创面、防止感染、防止体液流失的目的.     

自制异种猪去细胞真皮修复切除瘢痕区创面的愈合质量

目的:观察自制异种猪去细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合皮移植在瘢痕切除后植皮区的成活率和瘢痕形成情况组织病理学结果,并于单纯行自体中厚皮移植进行比较。方法:选择2004-03/2005-04解放军总医院第三○四临床部烧伤整形科烧烫伤后瘢痕形成患者21例共29处。瘢痕增生伴痛痒症状明显者15例,瘢痕挛缩明显者6例;供皮区正常皮肤者15例,扁平状瘢痕皮肤者6例。其中取23处为实验组;取6例6个部位的另一侧肢体创面作为对照组,参与患者知情同意。①用健康白色家猪制得异种猪去细胞真皮基质。②移植部位:四肢、躯干。完整切除瘢痕,实验组根据创面大小剪裁自制真皮基质,移植最大面积为10cm×8cm,真皮面接触植皮区,自体刃厚皮覆盖其上。对照组切除瘢痕后单纯行自体中厚皮移植。两组切除瘢痕手术操作相同。于术后2周和2个月观察植皮成活率和瘢痕形成情况,13个月时取1例患者复合皮组织进行病理学观察。移植皮成活标准为移植皮片色泽红润平坦,与受皮区基底贴附牢固,创缘愈合好,皮片质地柔软,颜色与周围皮肤接近。结果:按意向处理分析,纳入患者21例,均进入结果分析。①术后两组植皮区大体观察:实验组术后2周,植皮成活率100%(23/23)。可见大部分自体刃厚皮红润,有些植皮区尚可看到自体刃厚皮下的网状真皮支架,刃厚皮与其下的真皮基质结合牢固。术后2个月复查,复合皮平整柔软,弹性较好,关节活动正常,但稍有色素沉着,与对照组的中厚皮覆盖的植皮区效果相似,但实验组供皮区瘢痕形成明显轻于对照组。②组织病理学观察:光镜下可见复合皮皮肤结构完整,但表皮较薄,表皮-真皮连接区较平坦,真皮内可见胶原纤维排列较规整,可见微血管结构及成纤维细胞,少许慢性炎性细胞浸润。结论:应用自制异种猪去细胞真皮支架与自体刃厚皮复合移植,可明显改善瘢痕切除后植皮的愈合质量,经济实用。     

猪无细胞真皮基质在体移植后的稳定性

目的：采用一步法将组织工程的支架材料猪无细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植，动态观察猪无细胞真皮基质在体移植后的稳定性。方法：动物实验于2001-01／2002-03在上海市烧伤研究所完成，指标检测在上海第二医科大学细胞生物学教研室完成。以清洁级雄性SD大鼠90只为动物模型，在其背部造成4cm&;#215;5cm的全层皮肤缺损。取模型大鼠84只随机分为薄自体皮移植组和猪无细胞真皮基质＋薄自体皮移植组两组，每组各42只。复合皮移植组采用一步法将猪无细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植，在创面上先移植猪无细胞真皮基质，然后立即在无细胞真皮基质上移植薄自体皮片，缝合固定后覆盖凡士林纱布及干纱布，环形包扎。薄自体皮移植组直接将薄自体皮移植在创面上，然后固定包扎。分别于移植1,2，3，4，8，12，16周取标本，通过大体观察和组织学观察，动态观察猪无细胞真皮基质移植后创面修复效果、皮片移植成活率及猪无细胞真皮基质的稳定性和可降解性。皮片成活率=[（移植皮片总面积-皮片坏死面积）／移植皮片总面积]&;#215;100％。另取6只大鼠进行复合皮移植，其中3只观察至移植后24周，另外3只观察至移植后32周，分别取全层皮肤标本。结果：实验动物SD大鼠共90只，全部进入结果分析。①无细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植2周，皮片成活良好，与薄自体皮移植组比较，皮片成活率差异无显著性[（87.29&;#177;13．80）％，（88．59&;#177;10．30）％，t=0．8509，P〉0．05]。②复合皮移植后愈合创面外观平整，色泽与周围皮肤相似，柔韧有弹性，而薄自体皮组移植区皮肤比正常皮肤薄，无弹性。③猪无细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植后皮片成活率与薄自体皮移植组无显著性差异，猪无细胞真皮基质早期完整，随着时间的推移，猪无细胞真皮基质逐渐被降解，并被自体新生的胶原所替代，直到移植后32周，在真皮的网状层仍可见到残留的猪真皮基质。在32周的观察期内未见急慢性排斥反应。结论：采用一步法将猪无细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植，并不影响覆盖其上的自体皮的成活率，且其在体内具有较好的稳定性，对于引导真皮组织的再生和减轻瘢痕形成可能具有积极的意义。     

真皮替代物修复皮肤缺损减少增生性瘢痕的作用

目的：探讨真皮替代物治疗增生性瘢痕的新方法。方法：用异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质作为人真皮层替代物与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复瘢痕切除后的创面。结果：16例复合移植后创面一次修复，皮片成活好，瘢痕增生少，弹性好，远期复合皮肤可达全厚或中厚皮移植效果。结论：采用脱细胞异种(猪)真皮基质作为正常真皮层的替代物为治疗大片成熟不良，久年不退的瘢痕提供一种新的可行方法，显示用真皮替代物修复缺如的真皮层可以起到控制瘢痕增生的作用。     

异体异种脱细胞真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植的比较

背景:尽管真皮基质的生物模板作用可减少瘢痕形成,改善创面愈合质量已得到共识,但不同种属脱细胞真皮基质作为真皮添充物的成活机制和重建过程等生物学性能是否有差异仍需进一步探讨.目的:对比分析异体及异种脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮复合移植的近期效果.设计、时间及地点:随机分组,自身对照观察实验,于2008-01/06在海南省人民医院医学动物实验中心完成.材料:J-1型人脱细胞异体真皮基质由北京桀亚莱福生物技术有限公司提供.小型香猪1只以低含量胰蛋白酶消化加反复冻融法制备制备猪脱细胞真皮基质.方法:选取近交系小型香猪15只,在每头猪脊背两侧制作6 cm×6 cm全层皮肤缺损创面各3处,共6处,按移植物的不同将创面随机分为3组:猪脱细胞真皮基质与猪刃厚自体皮复合移植组与人脱细胞真皮基质与猪刃厚皮复合移植组在脱细胞真皮基质植入后,在其表面重叠覆盖自体刃厚皮,对照组单纯行猪薄皮片移植.主要观察指标:移植后9 d、21 d及3个月各组移植物成活情况、创面收缩率和组织学变化.结果:移植后第9,21天各组移植皮片大部分均成活良好,局部无红肿,3个月时两复合移植组皮肤外观相似,均光滑、柔软、丰满、有弹性,与周围正常组织结合部平坦,对照组创面收缩凹陷明显,皮片薄弱,韧性也较复合移植组差,3组移植物成活率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),自体刃厚皮移植创面收缩率高于其他两组(P<0.05).移植后8 d,2个复合移植组脱细胞真皮基质引导形成丰富的毛细血管结构,复合皮表皮层形成且分化良好;移植后21 d,已有完整的皮肤结构,真皮层内可见胶原纤维排列规整,表皮-真皮连接区"钉突"结构明显,移植后3个月结构更加接近正常真皮,对照组组织致密,胶原排列紊乱,与瘢痕组织结构相似.结论:与自体皮复合移植时,异体及异种脱细胞真皮基质具有相近的生物学性能,且效果优于单纯刃厚自体皮移植.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.