视网膜脱离合并脉膜脱离的手术治疗

目的：探讨视网膜脱离合并脉膜脱离的手术方法、效果及失败原因,全部眼有脉络膜脱离和增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（VR）,采用玻璃体切割及视网膜前膜,眼内惰性气或硅油填充。结果：31例患视网膜全部复位者22例（70．9％）部分复位5例（16．1％）,未复位4例（12．9％）。25眼和有增进,5眼无变化,1眼下降。手术失败的主要原因可能与严重的前部PVR有关,结论：伴有脉膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者采用VR手术,可提高其手术成功率。     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗儿童复杂性视网膜脱离9例报告

目的：对9例（9只眼）儿童复杂性视网膜脱离（retinal detachment,RD)的玻璃体视网膜手术（Vitreoretinal surgery,VR)效果及失败原因进行评价。方法：采用玻璃体切割、视网膜前膜剥除、气液交换、冷凝或激光封孔,眼内C3F8气休或硅油填充。结果：出院时（平均23天）,手术成功8只眼,失败1只眼,采用眼内填充硅油可提高 手术效果。术后平均追踪期为12个月,最终手术成功7只眼（77．77％）。采用VR术可提高儿童孔源性视网膜脱离的手术成功率。     

复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离的玻璃体视网膜手术失败原因初步探讨

目的探讨复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离的玻璃体视网膜手术失败原因。方法对４７７例（４７９只眼）复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离采用玻璃体视网膜手术（ｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎａｌｓｕｒｇｅｒｙ,ＶＲ术）,即玻璃体切除、膜剥离、气液交换、惰性气体（ＳＦ６,Ｃ３Ｆ８）及硅油眼内填充。结果近期有效者３４７例（３４９只眼,７２．９％）,失败者１３０例（１３０只眼,２７．１％）。结论多因素逐步回归分析显示影响ＶＲ术近期效果的显著因素为眼内填充硅油、巨大裂孔、眼内填充ＳＦ６、医源性裂孔、前部增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｖｉｔｒｅｏｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＶＲ）、严重视网膜下增殖、ＰＶＲ、眼内填充Ｃ３Ｆ８、手术频次及脉络膜脱离     

玻璃体切除治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离

目的研究玻璃体切除对合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的治疗作用。方法对连续治疗的12例合并有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离患眼,进行玻璃体切除联合长效气体或硅油填充治疗,所有病人术前术后均用激素治疗,对视网膜的复位率进行评价。结果平均随访10.42个月,单次手术视网膜解剖复位率为91.67%（11/12）。再次手术后视网膜解剖复位率为100%。结论玻璃体切除术是治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

孔源性视网膜脱离复位术失败的机制

目的探讨孔源性视网膜脱离复位术失败的机制，以期为提高手术成功率提供理论依据。方法对70例视网膜脱离再手术病例进行回顾性分析，查找手术失败原因，分别再给以巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切割术治疗，探讨其各自的机制。结果手术失败原因有：增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)46眼，原裂孔未闭34眼，出现新裂孔16眼，脉络膜脱离2眼，黄斑前膜2眼，玻璃体出血2眼。结论视网膜脱离复位术失败的机制主要是：裂孔未能确切地封闭，PVR未能妥善地处理；为了减少手术失败应当尽可能封闭裂孔，而PVR严重者一定要行玻璃体切割术。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床特点。方法连续选择具有典型临床症状的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者61例61眼，与同期行玻璃体切割手术的非脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离患者52例53眼进行对比研究，观察二者眼部体征及手术复位率等情况，并分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的好发因素。结果脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者的眼前节反应重，眼压低（平均4mmHg），与一般孔源性视网膜脱离患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；采用玻璃体切割手术，前者的一次性手术复位率为65．51％，后者为88．68％，二者差异有统计学意义；脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离组中年龄50岁以上及屈光度-6D以上的患者占总例数的50％以上，27．87％的患者合并有黄斑裂孔。结论脉络膜脱离伴视网膜脱离具有严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压症状，老年人和高度近视者好发，多合并有黄斑裂孔，其手术复位率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离者。     

巩膜扣带术后视网膜脱离

目的：分析巩膜扣带术后视网膜脱离形成的原因和玻璃体手术治疗方法。方法：回顾46例（46只眼）孔源性视网膜脱离患者的临床资料及其手术治疗方法。结果：巩膜扣带术后24只眼出现新孔，其中7只眼为黄斑部裂孔；18只眼PVR发展C级 以上；5只眼原裂孔未封闭；5只眼合并有脉络膜脱离；这些因素导致35只眼视网膜下液持续不吸收。38只眼玻璃体手术后视网膜复位，占82.6%；多次手术后最终手术成功45只眼，成功率为97.8%。结论：巩膜扣带术后失败原因主要为新孔的发生、PVR发展和视网膜下液不吸收；再次玻璃体手术时，掌握手术时机，对症处理，是提高手术成功的关键。     

玻璃体切除术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体切除术治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效。方法对连续治疗的12例(12只眼)合并有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离眼,进行玻璃体切除联合长效气体或硅油填充治疗,所有患者术前、术后均用激素治疗,对视网膜的复位率进行评价。结果术后平均随访10.42个月。单次手术视网膜解剖复位率为91.67%(11/12),再次手术后视网膜解剖复位率为100%。结论玻璃体切除术是治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变因素的分析

目的：探讨孔源性视网膜脱离术后因增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（PVR） 而使手术失败的各种因素。方法：对21例（21只眼）视网膜脱离术前情况、手术方式进行回顾分析。结果：21只眼均因严重的PVR使手术失败视网膜脱离复发，时间为10天－2月。结论：视网膜脱离术后发生严重的PVR与断裂孔的数目、大小，术前PVR的情况，术式的选择，手术操作等因素均有关。     

孔源性视网膜脱离术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变形成的危险因素

目的 分析孔源性视网膜脱离玻璃体手术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)形成的危险因素。方法 孔源性视网膜脱离110例(112眼)行玻璃体切割术，术后随访6—32个月(平均8．4个月)。结果 112眼中34眼(30.4％)形成术后PVR。多因素逐步回归分析显示，术前PVR为影响术后PVR形成的重要危险因素(P＝0．001)，而硅油填充、巨大视网膜裂孔、合并脉络膜脱离等因素与术后PVR的形成无显著相关。术前PVR者手术成功率明显降低。结论 影响术后PVR形成的重要危险因素为术前PVR。对于有术前PVR可能导致术后PVR形成的高危人群可行预防性治疗。     

合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离的临床观察

目的:探讨合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离手术治疗方法和手术时机的选择并观察疗效。方法:总结、分析2010-01/2012-01因视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离在我院住院的患者45例45眼,其中原发性裂孔源性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离38例,复发性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离7例。手术方法包括巩膜环扎、经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔引流、玻璃体视网膜手术、眼内光凝、C3F8填充术或硅油填充术。结果:患眼45眼均行巩膜环扎术,均于手术中成功引流脉络膜上腔液体,6眼行C3F8填充,39眼行硅油填充术,45眼视网膜脉络膜全部复位,视网膜裂孔封闭。其中23眼术后视力≥0.1。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离,采用巩膜环扎和玻璃体视网膜手术联合经巩膜穿刺口脉络膜上腔积液引流的联合手术方式有效。     

首选玻璃体手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效分析

目的评估首选玻璃体手术治疗无明显PVR的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的疗效。方法选取32例(32只眼)脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离,PVR低于C1,常规应用糖皮质激素同时尽快采用玻璃体手术,放脉络膜上腔积液,硅油填充或膨胀性气体填充,并酌情联合巩膜扣带术。所有病例术后随访3个月以上。结果黄斑裂孔者17例,27例无PVD,一次手术复位率为87．5％(28/32),有2例2或3次手术成功,余下2例失败。结论对无明显PVR的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离首选玻璃体手术,有利于减少PVR的发生和提高手术复位率。     

Recurrent retinal detachment more than 1 year after reattachment

PURPOSE: Little information exists regarding recurrent retinal detachment after 1 or more years of complete retinal reattachment. To better understand this uncommon problem, we evaluated late recurrent retinal detachments in relation to the contemporary classification of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Nine patients (10 eyes) with late recurrent retinal detachment after 1 or more years of complete reattachment. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and operative records of one surgeon over a 9-year period to identify late recurrent retinal detachments that occurred 1 or more years after complete retinal reattachment. The study group was derived from a total of 453 consecutive cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair not associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, or penetrating ocular trauma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Late recurrent retinal detachments after 1 or more years of complete retinal reattachment. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 10 eyes (2.2% of total) in nine patients. Redetachment occurred from 12 to 126 months (average, 46.8 months) after the initial detachment surgery. Late recurrent retinal detachments were associated with new retinal breaks (five eyes), reopening of old breaks (three eyes), or both (two eyes). In all, 13 open breaks were identified, nine of which were on or anterior to the scleral buckle. Eight eyes had grade C PVR, including four eyes with anterior PVR, three eyes with posterior PVR, and one eye with both anterior and posterior PVR. The retina was reattached after additional vitreoretinal surgery in eight eyes of seven patients; two patients (two eyes) declined reoperation. Visual acuity improved in seven of eight eyes after repair of the late recurrent retinal detachment. Postoperative follow-up after late recurrent detachment repair ranged from 69 to 140 months (average, 101.7 months, or 8.5 years). CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous base traction seems to be an important factor in late recurrent retinal detachments occurring 1 or more years after complete retinal reattachment, and the associated PVR was probably a secondary phenomenon and not a causative factor in most cases. Reoperation for such late recurrent retinal detachments can successfully reattach the retina and improve visual acuity in most cases.     

A pilot study on the use of silicone oil–RMN3 as heavier-than-water endotamponade agent

Aims This work was conducted to report an interventional non-comparative pilot study using Oxane HD, a mixture of ultra-purified silicone oil and RMN3, a partially fluorinated olefin, as heavier-than-water internal tamponade. Methods Twenty-eight consecutive patients were recruited for this study. Indications included recurrent retinal detachment (RD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (stage ≥C2) arising from inferior or posterior tears, recurrences after vitreoretinal surgery, penetrating trauma and combined rhegmatogenous and choroidal detachment. The patients underwent a pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling, and Oxane HD was used as long-term internal tamponade. Results Oxane was removed after 88 days (range 45–96 days) and exchanged with BSS in five eyes, long-acting gas in 14 eyes and with silicone oil in nine eyes. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 15 eyes. The overall anatomical success rate obtained using Oxane HD was 53.5%. In 15 patients with previous marked scleral buckling, the success rate was 26%: in nine patients recurrent RD occurred in the inferior sector, in five patients new tears were detected in the lower sectors; membrane formation was observed in 15 eyes. In 13 patients without marked scleral indent, the success rate was 84.6%. There was no evidence of dispersion and excessive inflammation. Conclusion Oxane HD may be a useful tool in complicated RD with large inferior breaks, inferior PVR or combined rhegmatogenous, and choroidal detachment without marked scleral buckling, which put the eye profile out of shape, led to a higher failure rate and reduced the tamponading effectiveness of Oxane HD.     

Prevalence and risk factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for proliferatative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Prospective study. SETTING: A private vitreoretinal clinic in Caracas, Venezuela. STUDY POPULATION: 119 eyes of 119 patients who presented with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment but no previous vitreoretinal surgery between 1995 and 1998. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Data from detailed preoperative and postoperative examinations of each eye were recorded prospectively and entered into an electronic database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of PVR of any type and severe PVR, preoperative risk factors for PVR of any type and severe PVR, effect of PVR and retinal detachment duration on initial and final visual acuity, and surgical complexity. RESULTS: The prevalence of PVR of any type was 52.9% and of severe PVR was 26.9%. The mean retinal detachment duration (+/-SD) was 58.4 (+/-129.1) days, and the mean time from initial examination to surgical treatment (+/-SD) was 24.3 (81.2) days. By univariable analysis, long retinal detachment duration, poor initial visual acuity, and large retinal detachment extent were significantly associated with PVR prevalence and severity. The presence of vitreous hemorrhage was significantly associated with PVR prevalence, and cataract was significantly associated with PVR severity. By multivariable analysis, long retinal detachment duration and large retinal detachment extent were simultaneous risk factors for PVR prevalence, while long retinal detachment, large retinal detachment extent, and poor initial visual acuity were simultaneous risk factors for PVR severity. Eyes with longer retinal detachment duration, PVR of any type, and severe PVR had worse initial and final visual acuities than eyes with shorter retinal detachment duration or those without PVR, respectively. Eyes with PVR had more complex surgery than those without PVR. CONCLUSIONS: PVR occurred very frequently in this population and was associated with more complex surgery and worse visual outcomes than among eyes without PVR. We have identified preventable risk factors associated with PVR that suggest a specific and significant need for better access to ophthalmologic care and patient education in this group of patients.     

New inferior retinal detachment after scleral buckling procedure with intraocular gas injection.

In a series of 72 rhegmatogenous retinal detachments treated by scleral buckling procedure with or without intraocular gas injection, 5 patients showed a subsequent inferior retinal detachment in the operated eye early in the postoperative period. All 5 eyes had been injected with air or sulfur hexafluoride intraoperatively or postoperatively, and had vitreoretinal adhesions such as lattice degeneration in the inferior equatorial fundus. To investigate the factors involved in the development of the new inferior retinal detachment, the data on the 72 eyes of retinal detachment were analyzed. Intraocular gas injection, inferior vitreoretinal adhesion, and the volume of injected gas were the significantly associated factors (P < 0.05). It was suggested the intraocular gas bubble could produce traction on the site of inferior vitreoretinal adhesion, leading to new inferior retinal detachment.     

Primary vitrectomy for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role and the results of primary vitrectomy in treating cases with coexisting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment. METHODS: Eleven consecutive eyes with coexisting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and choroidal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy less than grade C were included. Release of traction on the breaks was achieved by vitrectomy and augmented by episcleral buckle if needed. Perfluorocarbon liquids were used to drain the subretinal fluid through the vitrectomy sclerotomies. The breaks were treated by endolaser under perfluorocarbon liquids. Postoperative tamponade was done by C3F8 gas or silicone oil. Cases were followed up for at least 3 months. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment could be achieved and maintained in all cases by one or more surgeries. No recurrence of choroidal detachment has occurred. In each case, choroidal detachment was drained through the sclerotomies and retinal detachment was repaired. CONCLUSION: Primary vitrectomy represents an effective line in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with coexisting choroidal detachment in phakic or nonphakic eyes. Summary: Primary vitrectomy is recommended for the management of choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment.     

Retinal detachment and massive vitreoretinal proliferation: clinical study of 60 cases

Perfluoropropane gas as an adjunct to vitreoretinal microsurgery in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Pure perfluoropropane gas was used as an adjunct to vitreoretinal microsurgery in 60 eyes of 60 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. 0.3 ml to 1.8 ml (average 0.9 ml) of pure perfluoropropane gas were used. The surgical procedure included a vitrectomy and a scleral buckling procedure in all patients. The follow-up after complete gas absorption ranges from 6 months to 3 years in the successful eyes. Total retinal reattachment was achieved in 41 eyes (68.3%). The anatomical success rate was 88% (22/25 eyes) in grade C1-C2 PVR cases, 68.7% (11/16 eyes) in grade C3-D1 PVR cases, and 42% (8/19 eyes) in grade D2-D3 PVR cases. Visual acuity of 0.1 or better was achieved in 80% of eyes with grade C PVR and 61% of eyes with grade D PVR. Visual acuity of 0.4 or better was achieved in 26.9% of eyes with grade C PVR. Macular changes were revealed by fluorescein angiography in 53% of successful eyes. We recommend the use of C3F8 rather than SF6 in the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicated by PVR. In our experience the anatomical success rate achieved with C3F8 is approximately the same as that achieved with SF6. However permanent retinal reattachment was achieved with a single operation in 87.8% of successful eyes of the present series of patients manages with C3F8 as compared to only 12% of successful eyes of a previous series of patients managed with SF6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)