Changes in contractile activity of the rabbit myocardium in burn shock

In vitro experiments on the papillary muscles of the rabbit heart showed that 1 h after burn trauma myocardial contractility is disturbed in 50% of cases. It is concluded that this may be one cause of the severe disturbance of cardiac output observed in the same experiments.Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 1, pp. 6–8, January, 1979.     

Changes in contractile activity of the rabbit myocardium as a result of burn shock of varied duration

Experiments were carried out on papillary muscles isolated from the rabbit heart 10, 60, or 180 min after thermal injury to the animal. Isometric contractions were recorded during stimulation of the preparation at changing frequencies (within the range from 0.1 to 2 Hz) and during poststimulation potentiation. The degree of disturbance of myocardial contractility as a result of burns was found to increase with an increase in the duration of burn shock: In all the papillary muscles isolated 3 h after burning and in 50% of those isolated 1 h after burning the biphasic frequency-strength (f-P) relationship characteristic of the normal myocardium was converted into monophasic (the amplitude of the contractions decreased progressively with an increase in frequency) and poststimulation potentiation, normally absent, appeared. After shock lasting 10 min, poststimulation potentiation was observed only in some preparations and no change in f-P was present. The normal inotropic relationships of the myocardial rhythm were restored after a twofold increase in [Ca⁺⁺]₀ or after prolonged (3–4 h) perfusion of the preparation with normal Tyrode solution. Changes in inotropic relationships of the myocardial rhythm in burn shock were similar to the changes in f-P observed after blockade of the calcium channels with compound D-600.Laboratory of Physiology and Laboratory of Biophysical Research, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 402–405, May, 1979.     

Electron-histochemical investigation of capillary permeability of the central nervous system in burn shock

The permeability of capillary walls in the CNS in burn shock was studied in experiments on animals. During the period of burn shock, a marker (peroxidase) was introduced into the blood stream of the animals. Electron-microscopic investigation showed that the capillary wall in the CNS is permeable to substances with a molecular weight of 40,000, such as peroxidase, in an animal in the stage of burn shock.Laboratory of Histochemistry and Autoradiography, Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Smol'yannikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 6, pp. 758–759, June, 1977.     

Role of increased peripheral vascular resistance in burn shock

In intact rabbits and rabbits with exclusion of the aortic and carotid sinus reflexogenic zones the effects of lethal burn trauma were studied on indices of the hemodynamics and respiration. Similar changes were found in the cardiac output and total oxygen consumption in the rabbits of the two groups. By contrast with intact animals, in rabbits with exclusion of the reflexogenic zones burns did not lead to any sharp rise of peripheral vascular resistance. The systemic arterial pressure fell correspondingly in these animals by a much greater degree than in the intact rabbits. The survival period of the denervated rabbits after burns was shorter than that of the intact rabbits. It is concluded that the increase in the peripheral vascular resistance in burn shock is of a reflex compensatory nature.Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR V. N. Chernigovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 5, pp. 400–402, May, 1979.     

Autoregulation of portal circulation: A correlative study of circulation and vascular morphology

To Investigate the mechanism of portal circulation and the genesis of portal hypertension, an in vivo model was made to Increase portal venous flow (PVF) by forming a bypass shunt between the femoral artery to the spienic venous branch in pigs and dogs via a regulatable pump. Using this model, an autoregulatory hemodynamics of the portal circulation and corresponding morphological changes of the intrahepatic vascular system were determined. Immediately after blood flow increase (100 mL/min) to the portal vein, PVF increased to the baseline level plus bypass shunt flow. But, PVF returned to the baseline level within 1 h for both animals. Portal venous resistance (PVR) at 1 h was significantly higher than the baseline level (R0.05). By histometric analysis of the cross-sectional area of the portal and hepatic venous branches (CSA-PV, CSA-HV) using the biopslzed liver, CSA-HV at 1 h was 27.6% of the CSA-HV of the baseline level in dog, which showed narrowing and contractive changes of the hepatic venous branches, and CSA-PV at 1 h was 36.4% of the CSA-PV of the baseline level In pig. which showed narrowing and contractive changes of the portal venous branches. It Is suggested that a tone of the intrahepatic vascular system has an important role In the portal autoregulatory hemodynamics.     

热带地区小儿烧伤休克复苏特点的研究

目的 研究热带地区应用乳酸钠林格氏液与血浆对婴幼儿烧伤休克进行个体化液体复苏的特点。方法 1985年以来，我科收治6160例各种原因小儿烧烫伤，其中2583例人院时需要液体复苏，年龄〈36个月，烧伤面积10％～85％的重度烧伤合并烧伤休克的患儿接受了复苏治疗，根据患儿体重分类和烧伤面积计算24h液体需要量，我院地处海南，热带潮湿的特点使应用烧伤治疗机（额外丢失量）需增加200～300ml水分，输液泵均匀控制输液速度并根据每小时尿量调整。结果 2583例烧伤休克患儿在伤后24h内全部复苏成功，未出现心肺脑肾等重要脏器并发症和电解质紊乱，实际输液量与按体重计算量无差异（P〉0．5）。结论 婴幼儿烧伤液体复苏应用乳酸钠林格氏液与血浆抗休克并按患儿不同体重段和烧伤面积估计输液总量是比较合理，有效和精确的。     

实验性肝硬化的病理变化形成过程中门静脉血流动力学的改变

目的:通过对实验性大鼠肝硬化时门静脉血流动力学的变化,了解门脉高压的形成过程。方法:健康Wistar大鼠皮下注射四氯化碳,观察肝组织的病理改变过程中其门静脉血流动力学的变化。结果:实验性肝硬化过程中肝细胞经历变性、坏死、纤维组织增生及假小叶的形成。门静脉内径、血流速度、流量在注射四氯化碳2周后明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);15周时由于形成了侧枝循环,上述测值又明显低了(P＜0.01);注射四氯化碳大鼠门脉充血分数除在10周时变化无统计学意义外(P>0.05),2周、5周、15周时均比前一组明显高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论:大鼠在肝硬化形成过程中门静脉血流动力学变化与肝组织的病理改变均发生了变化。     

门静脉的解剖与变异

目的：利用经动脉性门静脉造影CT重建门静脉、肝静脉三维结构，观察生理状态下的门静脉的解剖与变异。方法：150例病人，导管置入于肠系膜上动脉内，注入造影剂后门静脉期和肝静脉期连续扫描肝脏。三维重建门静脉及肝静脉，分析门静脉的解剖与变异。结果：150次成像中门静脉变异25例，12例（8．0％）显示门静脉呈三分叉状，10例（6，7％）门静脉先分出右后支，然后上行分为左支和右前支，1例（0．7％）门静脉左支水平段缺如，门静脉右支缺如2例（1．3％），余下125例（83．3％）显示正常左右门静脉分支。结论：门静脉的三维图像重建及类型分析对术前手术方式的确定有一定的临床意义。     

烧伤24批131例治疗分析

目的通过对24批131例成批烧伤病人临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨有效的治疗方法,以提高其治疗率。方法选择1998年10月～2004年12月收治的成批烧伤24批131例,对其治疗效果及死因进行分析。结果131例中治愈111例,放弃治疗4例,死于吸入性损伤者7例,死于其他并发症者9例。结论在成批烧伤的救治中,强有力的组织领导是救治成功的重要保证;及时、有效的休克复苏是救治的牢固基础;维持有效的呼吸功能和加强创面处理、防治烧伤侵袭性感染是救治的重要环节。     

Changes in the peritoneum of the small intestine and diaphragm in experimenial portal hypertension

Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Tashkent Branch, All-Union Research Center for Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 4, pp. 430–432, April, 1991.