抗孕激素活性甾族化合物:7α-和7β-甲基-A-环失碳双炔雄甾醇的合成

本文报道利用睾丸酮为原料,经脱氢和二甲基铜锂试剂甲基化,制备7-甲基睾丸酮。采用结晶法分离7α-和7β-异构体后,分别进行锂氨还原、氧化、环合及炔锂炔化等反应,合成7α-和7β-甲基-A-环失碳-2α,17α-双乙炔基-5α-雄甾-2β,17β-二醇(Ⅱa,和Ⅱb),经初步药理试验表明,Ⅱa对大鼠具有较强的抗孕激素活性,口服剂量在2.5 mg/kg时,能明显抑制假孕大鼠蜕膜瘤的生长。抗早孕最低口服有效剂量为3.5 mg/kg/4 d,Ⅱb则较弱。     

7α和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-4-雌甾烯-3-酮的合成

由于7α-甲基或10β-乙酰氧基4(5)烯-3-酮雌(雄)甾化合物具有显著的抗着床或抗蜕膜活性,我们合成了既具有7α-甲基或7β-甲基又具有10β-乙酰氧基的两个新甾族化合物(1_a)和(1_b)。经药理试验表明(1_a)和(1_b)对孕鼠均有抗早孕作用。     

部分A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷类化合物的合成

合成A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷-2,17-双酮肟(Ⅳa),A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷-2,17-双酮苯腙(Ⅳc),A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷-2,17-双酮-2-腙(Ⅳb)以及2ξ-乙炔基-A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷-2ξ,17β-二醇双丙酸酯(Ⅷb)及其17-肉桂酸酯(Ⅷa)。用元素分析、红外光谱证实了这些化合物的结构,其中化合物Ⅳb和Ⅷa尚未见文献报道。这些化合物正在作小白鼠的抗生育活性试验。     

A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷化合物的合成及抗生育活性

设计合成了16个A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷化合物,经红外、核磁、质谱及元素分析等确证结构。小白鼠抗着床试验结果表明化合物8,9,10和16具一定的抗着床活性,2.5mg·kg^-1灌胃给药,终止妊娠率67%～75%,其它化合物活性均较低。作者对其可能的构效关系进行了简略的分析。     

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△4-雌甾烯-3酮的抗早孕作用

7α-和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-△⁴-雌甾烯-3酮(简称7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮)对小鼠抗早孕ED₅₀分别为1.6和5.5 mg/kg。7α-甲-乙氧雌酮在大鼠也有抗早孕作用并使血浆孕酮浓度降低,应用10 μg/ml浓度能抑制离体妊娠大鼠卵巢孕酮合成。7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮与兔子宫胞浆雌二醇受体的相对结合亲和力(RBA)分别为10.8和1.5,与孕酮受体的RBA均<1.7α-和7β-甲-乙氧雌酮都有较弱的雌激素和抗雌激素活性。     

A-失碳-2β-乙炔基雄甾-2α,17β-二醇制法的改进

以 A-失碳雄甾-17 β-醇-2-酮(3)为原料,于30℃炔化后所得产物与 KOH/EtOH 回流,产物再经一次炔化,可使2β-乙炔基取代物收率提高至69%。     

氧甲氢龙合成中伴生副产物2-(2-羟基乙氧基)-17β-羟基-2,17α-二甲基-A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷的鉴定与合成

目的为改进氧甲氢龙的合成工艺及提高产率提供实验依据。方法通过柱色谱、重结晶等方法分离纯化合成氧甲氢龙过程中发现的副产物,经IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS、元素分析、X-单晶衍射实验等分析手段确证副产物的化学结构;推测副产物的形成机制并按此机制合成该副产物。结果与结论鉴定副产物为2-（2-羟基乙氧基）-17β-羟基-2,17α-二甲基-A-失碳-5α-雄甾烷,其形成机制可能是格氏试剂形成的甲基负离子在进攻中间体（7）17位的羰基碳的同时,一部分的甲基负离子从甾体平面结构的下方进攻了2位的乙缩酮的碳原子进而生成该副产物。准确分析出副产物的化学结构及形成机制。     

7α,17α-二甲基-17β-羟基雄甾-4-烯-3酮的若干A环骈杂环衍生物的合成

将7α-甲基引进甲基睾丸素后,经甲酰化反应制得2-羟次甲基衍生物(Ⅳ),再先后转变为单肟(Ⅴ)、双肟(Ⅵ),环合得70,17α-二甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯骈[2,3-c]呋咱(Ⅶ)。也可使(Ⅳ)与水合肼或盐酸羟胺作用,分别制得相应的雄甾-4-烯骈[3,2-c]吡唑(Ⅷ)及雄甾2,4-二烯骈[2,3-d]异(口恶)唑(Ⅸ)。在酸性反应条件下合成(Ⅸ)时,还分离出它的重排脱水产物7α,17α,17β-三甲基雄甾-2,4,13-三烯骈[2,3-d]异(口恶)唑(Ⅹ)。     

A－失碳－5α－雄甾烷化合物的合成及抗生育活性

设计合成了１６个Ａ－失碳－５α－雄甾烷化合物，经红外、核磁、质谱及元素分析等确证结构。小白鼠抗着床试验结果表明化合物８，９，１０和１６具一定的抗着床活性，２．５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１灌胃给药，终止妊娠率６７％～７５％，其它化合物活性均较低。作者对其可能的构效关系进行了简略的分析。     

7α和7β-甲基-10β,17β-二乙酰氧基-4-雌甾烯-3-酮的合成

由于7α-甲基或10β-乙酰氧基4(5)烯-3-酮雌(雄)甾化合物具有显著的抗着床或抗蜕膜活性,我们合成了既具有7α-甲基或7β-甲基又具有10β-乙酰氧基的两个新甾族化合物(1_a)和(1_b)。经药理试验表明(1_a)和(1_b)对孕鼠均有抗早孕作用。     

An estrogenic effect of 5alpha-androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol on the behavioral response to stress and on CRH regulation

The gender difference in behavioral and hormonal response to stress is well known, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) are two major regulatory peptides in the brain involved in stress regulation. Their response to stress has been shown to be modulated by sex hormones. The androgen metabolite, 5alpha-androstane-3beta, 17beta-diol (3beta-diol), has been identified as an estrogenic hormone. It binds to estrogen receptors (ERs) and modulates estrogen response element mediated promoter activities via the ER pathway. The present study involved in vitro transfection assays to examine whether 3beta-diol can directly modulate CRH and AVP promoter activity. Our results demonstrate that in CHO-K1 cell lines, when ERs were over-expressed, 3beta-diol could significantly stimulate CRH and AVP promoter activity through an ER pathway. The effect of 3beta-diol on the behavioral, the CRH and the AVP response to stress in the rat was also investigated. We found that chronic, but not acute administration of 3beta-diol significantly decreased the immobile duration in the forced swim test. In rats exposed to the forced swim test, CRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was enhanced by chronic 3beta-diol administration, while the AVP mRNA expression was not affected. These results suggest that 3beta-diol may play an anti-depressive role in affective behavior and may have a direct effect on CRH expression.     

5-孕甾烯-3β,17α-双醇-20-酮-3-醋酸酯-17α-脂肪酸酯类的合成及其构效关系研究

本文报告薯蓣皂甙元的降解物孕甾双烯醇酮醋酸酯通过环氧化、开环反应所得开环物Ⅰ经20%钯-碳催化氢解脱溴反应合成Ⅱ,进而合成Ⅲ,Ⅳ(未知物)和Ⅴ,并对这些化合物做了抗炎作用的试验,探寻其结构与抗炎活性的关系。本文还对Ⅱ与酸性活性氧化铝或碱作用后的产物结构进行了初步确证。     

X-射线单晶衍射法研究双炔失碳醇α-差向异构体的构型

本文报道有抗生育作用和雌激素活性的双炔失碳醇α-差向异构体的构型研究。采用重结晶法、低压硅胶柱色谱与HPLC相结合的方法,制得单晶纯品。经HPLC,IR,MS,¹HNMR证实。经Ⅹ-射线单晶衍射法测定,晶体属正交晶系,空问群为P222₁,晶胞参数为a=6.777(2),b=12.125(4),c=25.292(8),V=2078.5(1.2)。晶体结构采用直接法和Fourier技术得到,经最小二乘法修正,最后的偏离因子R=0.039。结构表明:其相对构型中,C₂,C¹⁷之乙炔基为α-型,结合合成原料构型推定C₂为R型,C₁₇为R型。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅣ.α-氯-β-(5-硝基-2-呋喃)丙烯酰胺类及其乙烯噁二唑类衍生物的合成

Synthesis of 35 new compounds of α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamides and 5-[α-chloro-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl ) vinyl]-oxadiazoles by known methods are reported. In preliminary test in mice 10 compounds were found to possess pronounced activity against Schistosomiasis japonica. Among these Ⅰ₁₂, Ⅰ₁₃, Ⅰ₁₄, Ⅰ₂₀, Ⅱ₁ and Ⅱ₈ were shown to be the most effective.     

5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol binds to androgen and estrogen receptors without activating copulatory behavior in female rats

The ability of the androgen metabolite 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol (3β-A-diol) to facilitate copulatory behavior was assessed directly in adult ovariectomized rats. Neither the highest dosage of 5 mg/day for three days, nor 2 mg/day for 15 days could induce lordosis behavior in females that displayed typically high lordosis quotients with low dosages of estradiol (E). Furthermore, prolonged administration of 5α-dihydrotesterone (DHT) induced a low but significant level of male-typical mounting behavior in females, whereas 3β-A-diol administered for 20 days (2 mg/day) had no effect on mounting behavior. However, this reduced androgen metabolite did compete moderately well for DHT and E binding sites on androgen and estrogen receptors respectively in hypothalamic cytosol preparations. We conclude that in spite of its ability to bind to these receptors in the brain 3β-A-diol, a major metabolite of DHT, is totally inert with respect to sexual behavior.     

5-氟尿嘧啶-聚α,β(2-羟乙基)-DL-天冬酰胺的合成及体内释放的研究

以5-氟尿嘧啶为模型药物,将药物以共价键的形式键合于生物降解型高分子材料聚-α,β(2-羟乙基)-DL-天冬酰胺上制成高分子载体药物,药物接入率达37.1%(w/w)。用红外和差热分析法对载体药物进行了表征。以纯种大白兔为实验动物,把载体药物制成混悬型和棒状型两种剂型,进行药物体内释放实验。结果表明:以棒状型药物给药在一定程度上可以降低释药初期的“爆释”现象,为进一步临床应用提供了重要依据。     

Naturally-occurring estradiol-17beta-fatty acid esters, but not estradiol-17beta, preferentially induce mammary tumorigenesis in female rats: implications for an important role in human breast cancer

Because mammary glands are surrounded by adipose tissues, we hypothesize that the ultra-lipophilic endogenous estrogen-17beta-fatty acid esters may have preferential hormonal and carcinogenic effects in mammary tissues compared to other target organs (such as the uterus and pituitary). This hypothesis is tested in the present study. We found that all 46 rats implanted with an estradiol-17beta pellet developed large pituitary tumors (average weight=251+/-103 mg) and had to be terminated early, but only 48% of them developed mammary tumors. In addition, approximately one-fourth of them developed a huge uterus. In the 26 animals implanted with a mixture containing estradiol-17beta-stearate and estradiol-17beta-palmitate (two representative estradiol-17beta-fatty acid esters) or in the 29 animals implanted with estradiol-17beta-stearate alone (in the same molar dose as estradiol-17beta), 73% and 79%, respectively, of them developed mammary tumors, whereas only 3 or 2 animals, respectively, had to be terminated early due to the presence of a large pituitary tumor. Both tumorous and normal mammary tissues contained much higher levels of estrogen esterase than other tissues, which catalyzes the releases of bioactive estrogens from their fatty acid esters. In conclusion, while estradiol-17beta is much stronger in inducing pituitary tumor (100% incidence) than mammary tumor, estradiol-17beta-fatty acid esters have a higher efficacy than estradiol-17beta in inducing mammary tumor and yet it only has little ability to induce uterine out-growth and pituitary tumorigenesis. This study establishes the endogenous estrogen-17beta-fatty acid esters as preferential inducers of mammary tumorigenesis.