蝎毒多肽提取物诱导前列腺癌DU-145细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨蝎毒多肽提取物（PESV）诱导前列腺癌DU-145细胞凋亡的作用及机制。方法用PEsV（40μg／mL）处理DU-145细胞，采用Gimeea染色法观察凋亡细胞形态变化；采用免疫组化S-P法检测核增殖抗原Ki-67及凋亡相关基因bax和bcl-2的表达，并用病理图像分析软件进行半定量分析；TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞，并计算前列腺癌细胞增殖指数（proliferating index，PI）和凋亡指数（apoptosis index，AI）。结果PESV在体外对DU-145细胞有中度增殖抑制效应；在PESV作用下，DU-145细胞出现显著的细胞凋亡征象，凋亡指数明显增高，增殖指数降低．AI／PI明显增高（P〈0．05）。PESV处理DU-145细胞可明显提高凋亡相关基因bax表达水平，降低凋亡抑制蛋白Bcl-2表达水平，使Bel-2／Bax比值明显减小（P〈0．05）。结论PESV（40μg／mL）可以诱导细胞凋亡，而且至少是通过促进Bax、抑制Bel-2基因表达的机制诱导细胞凋亡。     

蝎毒抗癌多肽对人肝癌细胞株的作用

 目的 观察蝎毒抗癌多肽（ＡＰＢＭＶ）对人肝癌细胞ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１的作用。方法ＭＴＴ法、生长抑制实验和集落形成实验。结果 ＡＰＢＭＶ对 ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞具较强毒性作用，ＩＣ５０为１１．３３μｇ／ｍｌ；ＡＰＢＭＶ可显著抑制细胞生长，剂量与时间效应关系明显。结论ＡＰＢＭＶ是东亚钳蝎蝎毒中有效低毒的抗肿瘤成分，对肝癌细胞有一定的毒性作用。     

蝎毒多肽提取物对白血病小鼠Bcl-2 SDF-1α与TGF-β1 表达的影响*

目的:探讨蝎毒多肽提取物（PESV）对白血病小鼠Bcl- 2、SDF-1 α 与TGF-β 1 表达的影响,探究PESV对白血病细胞增殖和浸润的影响与机制。方法:NOD-SCID 小鼠60只,按本课题前期研究方法,建立人白血病NOD-SCID 小鼠髓外浸润模型。选取造模成功的小鼠40只,随机分为4 组,每组10只,分别为高、中、低剂量组和模型组,另设同周龄正常NOD-SCID 小鼠10只为空白对照组。高、中、低剂量组每只分别尾静脉注射PESV 1.2mg/（kg ·d）、0.6mg/（kg ·d）、0.3mg/（kg ·d）,模型组和空白组每只均尾静脉注射0.9% 的生理盐水0.3mL/d,35d 后全部处死,取血清和骨髓细胞培养液上清,用ELISA 法进行Bcl- 2、SDF-1 α 与TGF-β 1 的检测。结果:高、中、低剂量组存活率均高于模型组,高、中、低剂量组小鼠血清以及骨髓的Bcl- 2、SDF-1 α 均明显低于模型组（P<0.05）,而TGF-β 1 均高于模型组,均以高剂量组效果最为明显（P<0.05）。 结论:蝎毒多肽提取物可以有效的降低白血病小鼠血清及骨髓中Bcl- 2、SDF-1α的表达,提高TGF-β1 的表达,具有较好的阻抑白血病细胞增殖和浸润的作用。      

蝎毒多肽提取物对白血病细胞株K562/A02荷瘤鼠耐药性的影响

目的 探讨蝎毒多肽（peptide extract from scorpion venom,PESV）逆转白血病干细胞（leukemiastem cells, LSC）在体内多药耐药（multidrug resistance, MDR）的分子机制。方法 以多药耐药的K562/A02细胞株成模白血病BALB/c裸鼠为例,成模鼠随机分为6组：模型对照组、阿霉素（ADM）组、PESV组、ADM+PESV（H）组、ADM+PESV（M）组、ADM+PESV（L）组。模型对照组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液腹腔注射,其余各组予相应剂量ADM和（或）PESV腹腔注射,连续给药14天。第21天观察各组裸鼠移植瘤生长情况,分别检测瘤块中LSC：细胞膜上P-gp的表达,细胞质中ALDH、PI3K的变化及细胞核中MDR1、NF-κB的活性。结果 K562/A02细胞经免疫磁珠分选前后的CD34+CD38-细胞比率和IC50值分别为31.5%、（60.33±10.68）μg/ml和92.8%、（58.33±9.72）μg/ml,分选后细胞干性显著提高,而耐药性无差异性损失;各组造模裸鼠成瘤率100%。瘤体中LSC：流式细胞仪检测细胞膜上P-gp表达结果：检测对照组89.8%、ADM组91.9%、PESV组88.4%、ADM+PESV（H）组53.9%、ADM+PESV（M）组78.0%、ADM+PESV（L）组78.7%;半定量RT-PCR检测MDR1 mRNA的表达：PESV组＞ADM+PESV（L）组＞ADM+PESV（M）组＞ADM+PESV（H）组＞ADM组;免疫组织化学检测ALDH,显示灰度值ADM组＞PESV组＞ADM+PESV（H）组＞ADM+PESV（M）组＞ADM+PESV（L）组;Western blot检测PI3K分子与Elisa检测NF-κB因子结果一致,在ADM组、PESV组表达上调,在ADM+PESV组中表达下调,下调强度与PESV剂量呈正相关。结论 PESV具有下调白血病干细胞膜上P-gp,细胞质内ALDH、PI3K及细胞核中MDR1、NF-κB的表达水平,增强了白血病K562/A02干细胞在体内对ADM的敏感度,逆转其多药耐药特性。     

蝎毒抗癌多肽对肝癌小鼠放疗后瘤重和血液系统的影响

目的：观察蝎毒抗癌多肽（APBMV）与放疗（RT）合用对H22带瘤小鼠瘤重和血液系统的影响。方法：取H22带瘤小鼠100只，检测肿瘤生长抑制率（IR），白细胞计数，脾脏指数（SI）和外周血血红蛋白含量，观察不同剂量APBMV与放疗合用后上述指标的变化。结果：放疗后第6天和第9天，RT与APBMV合用后瘤重明显降低，IR最高达78．28％和70．45％（与RT组和APBMV组比较，P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；白细胞计数和SI较RT组显著升高（P＜0．05）；血红蛋白含量测定结果各组间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：APBMV与放疗合用对H22的抑制作用比单纯放疗和单用APBMV增强，APBMV可一定程度减轻辐射所致的血液系统损伤。     

蝎毒多肽提取物对前列腺癌细胞侵袭力影响的体外研究

目的:观察蝎毒多肽提取物(PESV)对前列腺癌DU-145细胞侵袭力的影响,并探讨其可能作用机制.方法:前列腺癌DU-145细胞经PESV处理后,用MTT法检测其生长与增殖的变化;Transwell小室法观察其体外侵袭能力的变化;免疫组织化学方法及逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法研究其基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)的蛋白水平和mRNA水平表达的变化.结果:经PESV处理后,DU-145细胞的增殖受抑制.体外侵袭实验结果显示,对照组每100倍视野穿过的细胞数平均为(51.29±7.56)个,而5、10和20 μg/mL PESV作用24 h后,每100倍视野穿过的细胞数分别为(20.43±1.51)、(12.29±2.75)和(5±1.73)个,不同浓度组比较差异有统计学意义,F=38.933,P=0.000.PESV组侵袭细胞数目较对照组明显减少,P值均为0.000;免疫组化及RT-PCR结果显示,经PESV处理后,MMP-9表达下调,TIMP-1表达上调.结论:PESV抑制DU-145细胞侵袭力的作用可能与其下调MMP-9,上调TIMP-1的表达有关.     

特异性抗前列腺癌多肽抑制前列腺癌细胞生长的作用研究

背景与目的：本实验组根据PSA具有的肿瘤定位及丝氨酸蛋白酶活性，设计并已获得了包含促细胞凋亡的BH3结构域、抗肿瘤血管形成的VEGF拮抗肽K237和bFGF拮抗肽DG2结构域以及可被PSA特异性水解短肽的复合型多肽APP216的纯化蛋白，并运用细胞培养初步验证了其在体外对前列腺癌细胞的杀伤作用，本文进一步探讨该多肽对人前列腺癌肿瘤异种移植物的杀伤作用，为抗前列腺癌新药的研究奠定基础。方法：利用检测荷瘤裸鼠血清PSA浓度、各组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤体积、重量变化、各组荷瘤裸鼠治疗前后体重的变化以及病理组织学观察来评估包含有BH3、K237、DG2结构域和能被PSA特异性水解的短肽序列的多肽药物APP216对分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞系22RV，荷瘤裸鼠及不分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞系PC3荷瘤裸鼠的肿瘤细胞杀伤作用。结果：前列腺癌细胞22RV，的荷瘤裸鼠治疗后比治疗前血清PSA浓度下降了71．1％、肿瘤体积下降51％，治疗组肿瘤重量比对照组低52％，组织病理学观察镜下可见坏死瘤组织。而前列腺癌细胞PC3的荷瘤裸鼠治疗组肿瘤重量与对照组无明显差别；治疗前后肿瘤体积变化无统计学意义，组织病理学观察癌细胞生长活跃。所有裸鼠重要脏器均未见病理损伤。结论：APP216多肽对分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞荷瘤裸鼠具有良好的抑制瘤细胞增殖的作用。而对于不分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞荷瘤裸鼠抑瘤效果不佳。并且该蛋白对其他重要脏器无毒性。     

SPOCK2基因表达上调对前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的:探讨SPOCK2基因表达上调对前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响。方法:通过Real-time PCR及Western Blot检测前列腺癌组织及细胞中SPOCK2基因的表达。进一步通过基因重组技术上调前列腺癌细胞系DU145及LNCaP中SPOCK2基因表达,通过CCK8检测细胞增殖情况变化,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及凋亡情况。结果:前列腺癌组织中SPOCK2表达显著低于正常对照组（P<0.05）,应用基因重组片段有效上调SPOCK2基因表达后,转染组细胞增殖率均显著低于阴性对照组及空白对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。转染组G0/G1期细胞百分比显著高于阴性对照组及空白对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。转染组S期显著低于阴性对照组及空白对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。DU145细胞转染组凋亡率显著高于阴性对照组及空白对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:SPOCK2上调可以抑制细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,使细胞停滞于G0/G1期,表明该基因可能通过影响细胞增殖,作为抑癌基因在前列腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

蝎毒抗癌多肽对H22细胞株体内、体外的抑瘤作用

目的 观察蝎毒抗癌多肽（APBMV）对小鼠肝癌（H22）实体瘤及瘤细胞的抑制作用。方法 应用MTT法检测APBMV对H22瘤细胞的毒性作用；通过小鼠H22实体瘤模型，观察APBMV对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及对小鼠外周血白细胞（WBC）数和脾脏指数（SI）的影响。结果 APBMV对H22细胞具有一定的毒性作用，但剂量效应关系不明显（P＞0．05）。APBMV能明显抑制小鼠H22肿瘤的生长，抑制率最高可达40．30％（P＜0．01），带瘤小鼠外周血WBC和SI无明显变化或略高于对照组，而阳性对照5－Fu组小鼠WBC和SI均明显下降（P＜0．01）。结论 APBMV是东亚钳蝎蝎毒中的1种低毒有效的抗肿瘤成分，能抑制小鼠肝癌的生长。     

抗前列腺癌多肽APP216的体外活性

目的：探讨抗前列腺癌多肽APP216对体外培养的前列腺癌细胞的杀伤作用，为抗前列腺癌新药的研究奠定基础。方法：利用MTT实验、细胞凋亡染色及流式细胞仪，检测包含有BH3、K237、DG2结构域和能被PSA特异性水解的短肽序列的多肽药物APP216对分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP、22RV1及不分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞系PC3m、DU145的杀伤作用。结果：APP216（270 μg／mL）处理48h后，前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP、22RV。的细胞生存率分别为22％和34％，72h后为10％和8％；前列腺癌细胞系PC3m、DU145的细胞生存率分别为90％和95％，72h后为87％和92％。APP216作用后，分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞胞核呈致密浓染，或呈碎块状，有凋亡小体出现；不分泌PSA的PC3m细胞则未发现改变。APP216（270 μg／ml）处理48h后，分泌PSA的LNCaP细胞凋亡率为36．26％，不分泌PSA的PC3m细胞凋亡率仅为1．63％。结论：APP216多肽对分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞有杀伤作用，可诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡；而对于不分泌PSA的前列腺癌细胞则效果不佳。证实了该多肽可被PSA特异性酶切；同时，BH3结构域可通过HIV-TAT的转导作用转入细胞内诱导凋亡。     

miR-107 Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells by Targeting Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 (Par4)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, with a high incidence and a high mortality. However, the pathogenesis of CRC carcinogenesis is still unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-107 in the regulation of CRC cell proliferation and apoptosis. First, the expression of miR-107 was observed to be aberrantly increased in human CRC tumor tissues and cell lines when compared to the colonic control tissues and colon epithelial cells. Further study showed that the proliferative and apoptotic capacities of human CRC SW480 and LoVo cells were aberrantly regulated by miR-107. The proliferation of SW480 and LoVo cells was remarkably enhanced by the miR-107 mimic but suppressed by the miR-107 inhibitor when compared to the negative control. On the contrary, the apoptotic rate of both SW480 and LoVo cells was significantly inhibited by miR-107 overexpression but increased by miR-107 inhibition. In addition, we identified prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par4) as a direct target of miR-107 with a potential binding site on the 3 -UTR of mRNA, as evaluated by bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay. Par4 expression levels were significantly inhibited by the miR-107 mimic but upregulated by the miR-107 inhibitor in both SW480 and LoVo cells. Compared to the control, the increase in Par4 expression significantly inhibited the induction role of miR-107 in the proliferation of SW480 and LoVo cells, and the apoptotic rate of cells repressed by the miR-107 mimic was also reversed by Par4 overexpression. In summary, our results demonstrated that miR-107 exerts a positive role in the survival of CRC cells by directly targeting Par4. This might reveal a novel understanding about human CRC pathogenesis.     

miR-615 Inhibits Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Directly Targeting Cyclin D2

Previous studies have reported that miR-615 exerts a tumor suppressor role in some tumors, such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer. However, the role of miR-615 in prostate cancer has not been defined. Here we found that miR-615 was downregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-615 in PC-3 cells significantly inhibited cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, overexpression of miR-615 delayed tumor growth in vivo. In terms of mechanism, we found that cyclin D2 (CCND2) is a target gene of miR-615 in prostate cancer. We showed that miR-615 could bind to the 3 -UTR region of CCND2 mRNA and inhibit its expression. There was a negative correlation between the expression of miR-615 and CCND2 in prostate cancer tissues. Moreover, restoration of cyclin D2 abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-615 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Taken together, our study identified miR-615 as a tumor suppressor by targeting cyclin D2 in prostate cancer.     

靶向Bcl-xL基因siRNA在前列腺癌细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用

目的研究Bcl-xL基因特异性RNA干扰对前列腺癌PC-3细胞株体外增殖能力和凋亡的影响。方法构建靶向Bcl-xL的小干扰RNA(siRNA)表达载体,转染PC-3细胞后,采用半定量RT-PCR和Western blot法检测转染前后Bcl-xL mRNA及蛋白表达水平的改变;采用噻唑兰(MTT)法检测细胞生长增殖情况;TUNEL试剂盒测定细胞的凋亡情况。结果靶向Bcl-xL的序列特异性的siRNA可以有效地抑制PC-3细胞Bcl-xL基因的表达。转染靶向Bcl-xL的siRNA表达质粒可以显著抑制PC-3细胞的增殖（P<0.001）,诱导细胞凋亡（P<0.001）。结论Bcl-xL基因特异性RNA干扰可以显著抑制前列腺癌PC-3细胞的体外增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。     

汉防己甲素对前列腺癌PC3细胞的增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用

目的 研究汉防己甲素(Tetrandrine,TET)对人前列腺癌细胞PC3增殖与凋亡的影响及可能的作用机制。方法 用不同浓度TET（0、1、2、4、6、8、10 μg/ml）处理PC3细胞,锥虫蓝拒染法和MTT法检测TET对PC3细胞生长的影响,流式细胞仪检测TET对PC3细胞凋亡的诱导作用,Western blot法检测TET对细胞凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、PARP表达的影响。结果 2 μg/ml TET作用24 h对PC3细胞生长的抑制率为（20.96±1.72）%,随着药物浓度的增加,抑制作用加强,10 μg/ml TET作用24 h对PC3细胞生长的抑制率达（89.23±4.12）%。TET能诱导PC3细胞凋亡,并能明显诱导凋亡相关基因Caspase-3的剪切活化及其底物PARP的剪切失活。结论 TET能明显抑制PC3细胞生长,诱导细胞凋亡,该作用与TET诱导细胞Caspase-3剪切激活及PARP剪切失活有关。     

Knockdown of Long Noncoding RNA ENST457720 Inhibits Proliferation of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. More and more reports have identified important roles for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer development. ENST457720 expression was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma in a microarray-based lncRNA screen. We determined the expression levels of ENST457720 in NSCLC tissues with quantitative real-time PCR and then studied their clinical significance. We explored the biological significance of ENST457720 with gain- and lossof-function analyses in vitro and in vivo. In this study, ENST457720 was expressed at higher levels in NSCLC tissues than in paired normal tissues. Higher ENST457720 expression was associated with larger tumor sizes, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage. ENST457720 silencing suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, ENST457720 knockdown inhibited NSCLC invasion and reversed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. ENST457720 promoted NSCLC proliferation and invasion, which may be a novel potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.     

Cimicifuga racemosa Extract Inhibits Proliferation of Estrogen Receptor-positive and Negative Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Lines by Induction of Apoptosis

Hormone replacement therapy is contraindicated in women with breast cancer. Extracts from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa, have gained acceptance as a natural alternative for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. In the present study we investigated the antiproliferative activity of C. racemosa extracts (isopropanolic and ethanolic) on the estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells by WST-1 assay. Down regulation of the proliferative activity and cell killing by isopropanolic and ethanolic extracts occurred in a clear dose-dependent response with a 50% growth inhibitory concentration of 54.1 +/- 11.4 and 80.6 +/- 17.7 micro g/ml in MCF-7 cells and of 29.5 +/- 3.0 and 58.6 +/- 12.6 microg/ml in MDA-MB231 cells, respectively. Further, the mode of cell death was identified as apoptosis by microscopic inspection and confirmed by light scatter characteristics and by detection of Annexin V adherence to phosphatidylserine by flow cytometry. In addition, the involvement of activated caspases was supported by the cleavage of cytokeratin 18 detected with M30 antibody. Increases in the level of M30-antigen of about 4-fold and 2-fold over untreated controls were observed in C. racemosa -treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells. These results indicate that C. racemosa extract exerts no proliferative activity, but kills the estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 as well as estrogen receptor negative MDA-MB231 cells by activation of caspases and induction of apoptosis.     

叶黄素对人前列腺癌PC3细胞增殖和凋亡影响的机制

目的 探究叶黄素对人前列腺癌PC3细胞增殖和凋亡影响的作用机制,为前列腺癌预防及治疗提供新的理论依据。方法 不同浓度叶黄素作用于PC3细胞,CCK8法检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布和凋亡变化;细胞划痕和Transwell实验观察细胞迁移和侵袭能力;RT-PCR和Western blot技术检测细胞中Bax、Bcl-2的mRNA水平和蛋白表达。结果 叶黄素显著抑制PC3细胞的增殖,并呈时间和浓度依赖性。叶黄素可以将细胞生长阻滞在G0/G1期,抑制细胞迁移和侵袭;还可促进细胞凋亡,使Bcl-2表达下降,Bax表达上升。叶黄素可在转录水平上下调Bcl-2 mRNA和上调BaxmRNA。结论 叶黄素抑制PC3细胞增殖并促进其凋亡,其机制可能与阻滞细胞周期、抑制细胞迁移、侵袭以及调节凋亡相关基因和蛋白表达有关。