骨髓间充质干细胞在急性心肌梗死后心室重构中的应用☆

背景：动物实验和初期的临床研究表明,干细胞移植可以取代坏死心肌细胞、增加有功能心肌细胞的数量,改善心功能,从而为心肌梗死的治疗开辟了一条崭新的途径。 目的：观察心肌梗死后自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植及骨髓动员对心功能的影响。 方法：经猪髂前上棘抽取骨髓30 mL,培养得到骨髓间充质干细胞。15只猪分为3组,模型组仅建立心肌梗死模型,干细胞移植组在造模3 h后经冠状动脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞,干细胞动员组在造模3 h后连续5 d注射粒细胞集落刺激因子    150 μg/(kg•d)。 结果与结论：心肌梗死后8周,干细胞动员组、干细胞移植组左心室收缩、舒张末期内径都明显减小,射血分数较心肌梗死前提高,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);干细胞动员组及干细胞移植组血清血管内皮生长因子水平较心肌梗死前有上升趋势(P < 0.05);干细胞动员组和干细胞移植组梗死交界区的毛细血管密度均大于模型组(P < 0.05)。提示心肌梗死后行自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植及骨髓动员均能明显改善心功能,但具体效果仍需进一步大样本实验研究。 关键词：缺血性心脏病;心力衰竭;骨髓间充质干细胞;血管再生;粒细胞集落刺激因子 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.10.009     

骨髓基质干细胞缺血心肌内移植早期:可减少心肌细胞凋亡但未改善心功能

背景:骨髓基质干细胞移植到梗死心肌组织能够起到抑制和减少心肌细胞凋亡的效应,而这一作用与心功能改善是否有相关性还不清楚。目的:观察缺血心肌内移植骨髓基质干细胞早期对心脏功能的影响。方法:采用结扎左前降支的方法建立大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,假手术组仅穿线不结扎。骨髓基质干细胞移植组于心肌梗死术后30 min分5个位置于梗死边缘向心肌组织内移植大鼠骨髓基质干细胞0.1 m L(2×106),而假手术组、模型组术后分别向心肌内注射相同剂量的生理盐水。细胞移植后3 d监测血流动力学、超声心动图,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡的变化。结果与结论:移植后第3天,与假手术组相比,模型组梗死区及缺血区心肌细胞凋亡明显;骨髓基质干细胞移植组梗死区和缺血区心肌细胞凋亡数目均较模型组显著减少。与假手术组相比,模型组和骨髓基质干细胞移植组大鼠平均动脉压、左心室收缩压明显下降,左心室舒张末压显著升高,左心室射血分数及缩短分数显著降低(P0.05),骨髓基质干细胞移植组和模型组比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结果表明骨髓基质干细胞移植早期能减少心肌细胞凋亡但不改善急性心肌梗死后大鼠的心功能。     

自体骨髓干细胞原位移植治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的:用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员自体骨髓干细胞进入心肌梗死部位原位移植以修复梗死心肌组织,探讨其对急性心肌梗死患者心肌梗死面积及心功能的影响。方法:25例初次急性心肌梗死患者在入院后随机分为干细胞原位移植组(n=12)和对照组(n=13)。干细胞原位移植组于入院后在常规治疗基础上加用G-CSF动员自体骨髓干细胞进行心肌梗死原位移植;对照组按急性心肌梗死常规方法治疗。于入院第(1、28d)描记常规12导联心电图,采用Wagner的QRS波群记分法评价心功能,于入院(7、28d)行核素心肌灌注断层显像,测量心肌梗死面积。结果:G-CSF治疗4周,干细胞原位移植组QRS记分值明显降低,显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);心肌梗死面积由36.0%±8.3%下降至18.0%±5.8%,显著小于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:用G-CSF动员自体骨髓干细胞来修复坏死心肌组织的"干细胞原位移植"疗法,能减小心肌梗死的范围,改善心功能。     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植梗死心肌猪的心功能变化

背景：干细胞移植可改善缺血性心肌血供并改善心功能。 目的：进一步验证自体骨髓间充质干细胞在心肌梗死后的应用及效果评价。 方法：15只健康太湖梅山猪通过冠脉栓塞建立心肌梗死模型。随机分为3组,每组5只,其中2组分别在心肌梗死后3 h,2周行自体骨髓干细胞移植,模型组不移植细胞。行心脏超声观察心脏功能各指标的改变;并在不同时间点检测血清血管内皮生长因子值;在实验终点取大体标本并通过免疫组织化学检测移植细胞在心肌内定植及分化情况,检测心肌血管密度。 结果与结论：心肌梗死3 h组与模型组比较,射血分数、左室舒张期内径、左室收缩期内径各项心功能指标及心肌血管密度、不同时间点血清血管内皮生长因子水平差异无显著性意义。心肌梗死后2周移植组与模型组相比,心功能指标均有改善,心肌血管密度大于模型组,血清血管内皮生长因子水平明显高于较移植前(P < 0.05)。提示不同时间点心肌微环境对于骨髓来源的间充质干细胞分化及定植的影响,心肌梗死后急性期内局部微环境不利于移植细胞的存活,在瘢痕修复早期行骨髓干细胞移植对骨髓干细胞的分化和定植以及对心功能的改善有较好的效果。     

血管内皮生长因子基因修饰骨髓间充质干细胞移植心肌梗死大鼠： 高压氧干预促进治疗性血管生成

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植入缺血心肌后梗死区周边心肌的缺血、缺氧、炎性反应、细胞凋亡等病理变化严重影响到移植骨髓间充质干细胞的存活,而高压氧能显著改善其缺氧状态。 目的：对心肌梗死模型大鼠缺血心肌局部移植血管内皮生长因子修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞,在移植后对大鼠进行高压氧干预,探讨其对骨髓间充质干细胞移植后所获得的治疗性血管生成效应的影响。 方法：将真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)/人血管内皮生长因子165转染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,再移植至心肌梗死模型大鼠的缺血区组织,移植前细胞行CM-DiI标记。移植后2周每日对大鼠行高压氧治疗干预。移植1个月后行心脏B超测量其左室射血分数,组织化学苏木精-伊红染色和Ⅷ因子染色并评价新生血管密度。 结果与结论：CM-DiI能有效标记骨髓间充质干细胞,标记率近100%。细胞移植1个月后高压氧干预的大鼠射血分数、再生血管密度较均明显增高(P < 0.05)。证实,高压氧干预能显著促进移植血管内皮生长因子基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞的心肌梗死大鼠所获得的治疗性血管生成作用,对心脏功能有明显改善作用。     

糖尿病与正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的比较

背景：目前国内外在干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的研究中,大多采用正常或者年轻的骨髓间充质干细胞作为移植细胞来源。 目的：比较糖尿病和正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的疗效差别。 方法：无菌条件下获取正常大鼠及糖尿病大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞,建立大鼠心肌梗死模型并随机分为3组,分别于心肌梗死病灶区注射100 μL含有105-106个F2代正常大鼠或糖尿病大鼠来源骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞混悬液,空白对照组注射100 μL含体积分数20%胎牛血清的DMEM。移植后1个月行苏木精-伊红染色检测各组梗死区域心肌组织形态的变化;通过免疫组化方法检测Bcl-2的表达。 结果与结论：通过对细胞形态观察及流式细胞术鉴定,大鼠股骨骨髓贴壁培养可获取纯度较高的骨髓间充质干细胞,绘制细胞生长曲线结果显示正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞较糖尿病大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生长快。移植后1个月,正常大鼠干细胞移植组梗死区域心肌组织形态较糖尿病大鼠干细胞移植组及空白对照组明显改善,梗死区域心肌组织Bcl-2的表达也高于其他2组。证实正常大鼠来源骨髓间充质干细胞较糖尿病大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞生长明显加快,且糖尿病使骨髓干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死的疗效降低。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植心肌梗死大鼠的心功能

背景：前期研究发现移植的骨髓间充质干细胞能在受损心肌组织内存活和分化。 目的：进一步观察局部注射移植同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌梗死模型大鼠心功能的影响。 方法：体外培养的同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞达到一定数量(10⁶)后用BrdU标记。24只SD大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组未行冠状动脉前降支结扎,取骨髓间充质干细胞约1 mL直接注射到冠状动脉前降支心肌的周围;假移植组：在冠状动脉前降支结扎后7 d,取等量DMEM培养液直接注射到梗死心肌的周围;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组：冠状动脉前降支结扎后7 d,取等量骨髓间充质干细胞直接注射到梗死心肌的周围;分别于移植前、移植后5周测定大鼠心功能。 结果与结论：①移植后5周假移植组最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率均低于移植前(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压高于移植前(P < 0.01);移植后5周骨髓间充质干细胞移植组最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率高于移植前(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压低于移植前(P < 0.01)。②移植后5周,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组大鼠的最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率均高于假移植组(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压明显低于假移植组(P < 0.01)。结果可见骨髓间充质干细胞移植可明显改善心肌梗死模型大鼠心功能。     

骨髓基质干细胞向肌细胞分化及移植的治疗作用

背景：骨髓基质干细胞属多能干细胞,在适当的条件下可转分化为各种肌肉细胞,在移植后可改善心脏或骨骼肌的整体功能。如何优化诱导分化方法,改善移植途径以及移植后改善组织功能的机制成为现今研究的热点。 目的：就近年来骨髓基质干细胞诱导分化为肌细胞,以及其用作细胞移植治疗心肌梗死、肌肉萎缩等肌细胞坏死性疾病的研究进行综述。 方法：应用计算机以bone marrow cell, muscle cell检索词,检索Pubmed数据库(2005/2010);以“骨髓基质干细胞、肌细胞”为检索词,检索中国期刊网全文数据库(2007/2010);以“骨髓基质干细胞、肌细胞、分化、心脏”为检索词,检索万方数据库(2007/2010)。共收集220篇关于外周血干细胞方面的文献,中文61篇,英文159篇,排除发表时间较早、重复及类似研究,纳入21篇符合标准的文献。 结果与结论：骨髓基质干细胞可以在体外扩增,但其表面特异性标记尚无定论,因此要分离得到完全纯化的骨髓基质干细胞还有一定的困难,当前只有STRO-1抗原是较为肯定的间质干细胞表面抗原,可用于鉴定分离骨髓中的间质干细胞。大量研究表明,通过体外诱导剂或体内移植可促使骨髓基质干细胞转化成各种组织细胞,包括心肌细胞和骨骼肌细胞,并且在移植后可观察到肌组织功能得到明显改善,但其机制目前尚无充分了解。此外,尽管各种诱导方法诱导骨髓基质干细胞分化的结果是肯定的,以及体内移植也表现出改善坏死肌组织功能的潜能,但目前体外诱导程度仍然较低,且体内功能改善也有局限性,因此,如何改善诱导方法,提高移植效率及功能改善有待进一步研究。     

同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠急性心肌梗死

背景:多项研究表明,骨髓间充质干细胞移植可在梗死心肌存活,改善心功能。目的:观察同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的效果。方法:经Percoll密度梯度离心培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,将39只雌性Wistar大鼠采用结扎左前降支的方法复制急性心肌梗死模型,随机分为DMEM对照组(n=12)、骨髓间充质干细胞治疗组(n=15)和骨髓单个核细胞治疗组(n=12)。8周后行血流动力学、组织病理学及免疫组化等检测。结果与结论:两个治疗组左室舒张末压显著降低,左室内压最大上升和下降速率、左室内压最大下降速率与左室收缩压的比值显著升高;术后体质量显著增加,左室相对质量显著减轻;梗死区Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原容积分数显著降低;梗死区血管数目显著增加。两个治疗组之间比较,除骨髓单个核细胞治疗组室间隔厚度减小、梗死边缘区血管数目增加外,其余指标差异均无显著性意义。免疫组化示骨髓间充质干细胞治疗组梗死区内有BrdU阳性细胞,而在骨髓单个核细胞治疗组梗死区内则基本没有BrdU阳性细胞;两个治疗组在心肌梗死区可见较多desmin阳性和cTnT阳性细胞或细胞团存在。结果提示骨髓单个核细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞均能促进梗死区血管新生,降低局部胶原沉积,改善心肌梗死后心室重构,显著改善心脏功能。     

骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死的初步研究

目的观察自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死的效果及可行性。方法22例急性心肌梗死患者在入院后随机分为骨髓干细胞移植组(n=6)和对照组(n=16)。干细胞移植组于入院后在常规治疗基础上加用自体骨髓干细胞经冠状动脉注入;对照组按急性心肌梗死常规方法治疗。于入院后第10 d,术后2、4、8周,分别对两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)进行观察,并行核素心肌灌注断层显像,测量心肌梗死面积。结果干细胞移植组术前及术后第两周与对照组的心功能及梗死面积无明显差别(P>0.05);术后第4周,患者心功能较第二周明显改善(P<0.01);第六周优于第四周(P<0.01);术后第八周与第六周无明显区别,但明显优于对照组。心肌梗死面积由术前的32.45%±6.5%下降至术后第4周26.23%±5.7%,第六周18.32%±5.34%;而对照组变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论自体骨髓干细胞移植可缩小心肌梗死的范围,有效改善心功能,有望为心肌梗死患者提供一种新的治疗方法和思路。     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Intestinal helminthiasis in school children in Haiti in 2002

A survey on intestinal helminths in school children was conducted in Haiti in 2002. This first nationwide study involving the entire country was stratified by department according to urban and rural zones using the cluster method. Focusing on elementary school children (n=5792; age range 3 to 20 years), it involved 26 urban and 49 rural schools randomly selected. Stools were preserved in formalin and examined by the Ritchie technique. Thirty-four per cent of stools (1981/5792) tested positive for intestinal helminths with the following parasites identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (27.3%), Trichuris trichiura (7.3%), Necator americanus (3.8%), Hymenolepsis nana (2%), Taenia sp. (0.3%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). The helminth prevalence was higher in rural (38.4%) compared to urban areas (30%). There was no significant difference in prevalence by sex and age. The importance of geohelminths changed from one department to another with the highest prevalence found in the Southern department of Grande Anse (73.7%) and the lowest prevalence in the Center department (20.6%). Five out of the country's nine departments had a similar prevalence varying from 25.5% to 28.2%. Intestinal helminthic polyparasitism was observed in a percentage of infested school children comprise between 3.4% and 28.6% according in relation to the geographical area. A program to fight against geohelminths in school children should be initiated as a public health priority. Albendazole is the drug of choice. Frequency of drug distribution should be based on the prevalence of geohelminths in each department.     

Experience in adult population in dengue outbreak in Delhi

A dengue outbreak has recently hit the Indian capital. We studied the clinical profile of adult patients. Five hundred and sixty patients of dengue infection were admitted in a specially created ward according to the criteria laid down by WHO. Haematemesis (28.28%), epistaxis (26.78%) and malena (14.28%) were some of the common presentations. Similarly lymphadenopathy, especially cervical (30.89%), palatal rashes (26.96%) and hepatomegaly (23.75%) were the most commonly encountered findings on physical examination. Most of the cases were of dengue fever with haemorrhage and only 2.5% cases were classified under dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The average hospital stay was 3.4 days but only 9.8 hours in the eleven patients who died, suggesting their late arrival in preterminal situation giving little time for resuscitation. Thrombocytopenia was not a feature and only 12.85% patients had platelet count less than 70,000/cmm. Most of the patients who were admitted with thrombocytopenia, showed normalization in their platelet counts in next few days. Serological examination demonstrated evidence of recent dengue infection in 41.17% patients. Few patients required blood or platelet concentrate transfusion. Eleven patients died, three due to DIC, one of intracranial haemorrhage and seven due to massive gastric haemorrhage. Rest of the patients recovered completely. Thus we can conclude that recent outbreak in Delhi was of dengue fever with haemorrhage and mortality was very low in patients who came early to the hospital.     

Changes in the hypothalamic nuclei in in experimental allergy

Summary In rabbits subjected to prolonged sensitization and in which the Arthus phenomenon was induced there was a marked reaction of the hypothalamic nuclei. Staining by Gomori's method indicated a cellular swelling, loss of granules, and protoplasmic vacuolization in the supraoptic nucleus. There was a considerable increase in the size of the cross-sectional area of the cells. The same effects were much less well shown in the paraventricular nucleus. These results show that marked signs of increased neurosecretion developed in the animals at the height of the Arthus phenomenon.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten Éksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 110–113, April, 1963.     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.