Trabecular Bone Structure in the Distal Femur of Humans,Apes, and Baboons

Trabecular bone structure has been used to investigate the relationship between skeletal form and locomotor behavior on the premise that trabecular bone remodels in response to loading during an animal's lifetime. The aim of this study is to characterize human distal femoral trabecular bone structure in comparison to three non-human primate taxa and relate the patterns of trabecular structural variation in the distal femur to knee posture during habitual locomotor behavior. A whole-epiphysis approach was applied using microCT scans of the distal femora of extant Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, and Papio spp. (N = 48). Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was quantified in the epiphysis and analyzed with both whole-condyle and a novel sector analysis. The results indicate high trabecular bone structural variation within and between species. The sector analysis reveals the most distinctive patterns in the stereotypically loaded human knee, with a pattern of high BV/TV distally. In general, Pan, Pongo, and Papio show evidence of flexed knee postures, typical of their locomotor behaviors, with regions of high BV/TV posteriorly within the condyles. The pairwise comparisons confirm the unique pattern in Homo and reveal a shared high BV/TV region in the patellar groove of both Homo and Papio. The distinct pattern found in Homo relative to the other primate taxa suggests a plastic response to unique loading patterns during bipedal locomotion. Results may facilitate resolving the antiquity of habitual bipedality in the hominin fossil record. This analysis also presents new approaches for statistical analysis of whole-epiphysis trabecular bone structure. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.     

仿骨小梁力学性能的多孔结构拓扑优化设计

目的基于动物骨小梁结构设计多孔植入物,阐述骨小梁结构的力学性能特点,说明使用仿骨小梁多孔结构植入物在临床治疗中的重要意义。方法基于动物骨小梁结构的各向异性力学性能,利用拓扑优化技术进行多孔结构设计。根据骨功能原理提出分区、分块重建原则,利用Micro-CT图像重建动物骨小梁模型结构;根据代表体元法对模型施加边界约束和外载荷,以求解的力学性能作为优化的目标函数,利用拓扑优化中的变密度法和均匀化方法进行多孔结构设计及优化。结果骨小梁结构具有各向异性的力学特点。求解发现,松质骨的体积分数在同一截面的边缘到中间主压力位置呈现递增趋势;泊松比无明显变化规律,均匀分布在0. 17～0. 30之间;而弹性模量和剪切模量在松质骨主压力位置明显大于其他位置;基于上述结果进行拓扑优化设计,结果显示,优化后模型的泊松比分布在0. 17～0. 30,弹性模量误差在14%以下,最小的仅为3%,剪切模量误差范围在8%以下,基本符合最初的设计目标。结论利用拓扑优化方法设计的多孔结构具有与动物松质骨相同的各向异性特点,同时减少应力集中现象,可以实现特定性能的多孔结构设计,为后续设计临床应用的多孔植入物提供一种合理有效的方法。     

Imaging and Quantitative Assessment of Long Bone Vascularization in the Adult Rat Using Microcomputed Tomography

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a technique for both 3D imaging and quantification of the vascular network of bone tissue in the rat. Five month‐old male Wistar rats were divided into tail‐suspension (21 days) and control groups. Sixty percent barium sulfate solution was infused into the vena cava. The tibiae were evaluated in 2D and 3D before and after decalcification, using conventional microcomputerized tomography (μCT) at 10 and 5 μm resolution and synchrotron radiation (SR) μCT. The perfusion technique and tomography exhibited excellent bone vasculature imaging. Significant positive correlations were observed between 2D histomorphometric and 3D μCT vascular parameters (P < 0.05). 3DμCT discriminated significant changes of vessel structures in unloading condition: vessel number decreased by 25%, (P < 0.005), vessel separation increased by 27%, P < 0.01. SRμCT could image sinusoid clusters in bone. μCT is an accurate and reproducible technique for 3D quantitative evaluation of long bone vascularisation in the rat. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Hyoid Bone Development: An Assessment Of Optimal CT Scanner Parameters and Three‐Dimensional Volume Rendering Techniques

The hyoid bone anchors and supports the vocal tract. Its complex shape is best studied in three dimensions, but it is difficult to capture on computed tomography (CT) images and three‐dimensional volume renderings. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal CT scanning and rendering parameters to accurately measure the growth and developmental anatomy of the hyoid and to determine whether it is feasible and necessary to use these parameters in the measurement of hyoids from in vivo CT scans. Direct linear and volumetric measurements of skeletonized hyoid bone specimens were compared with corresponding CT images to determine the most accurate scanning parameters and three‐dimensional rendering techniques. A pilot study was undertaken using in vivo scans from a retrospective CT database to determine feasibility of quantifying hyoid growth. Scanning parameters and rendering technique affected accuracy of measurements. Most linear CT measurements were within 10% of direct measurements; however, volume was overestimated when CT scans were acquired with a slice thickness greater than 1.25 mm. Slice‐by‐slice thresholding of hyoid images decreased volume overestimation. The pilot study revealed that the linear measurements tested correlate with age. A fine‐tuned rendering approach applied to small slice thickness CT scans produces the most accurate measurements of hyoid bones. However, linear measurements can be accurately assessed from in vivo CT scans at a larger slice thickness. Such findings imply that investigation into the growth and development of the hyoid bone, and the vocal tract as a whole, can now be performed using these techniques. Anat Rec, 298:1408–1415, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Loss and recovery of trabecular bone in the distal radius following fracture — Immobilization of the upper limb in children

Summary Computed tomography of the human radius is performed using a special purpose scanning device which incorporates a radionuclide (¹²⁵I) as radiation source. Parameters describing the trabecular bone and the compact bone are determined at a distal and a diaphyseal measuring site respectively.Using this measurement technique changes in bone mineralization in the radius were studied in a group of 23 children following immobilization of an upper limb for fracture healing. An immobilization period of between three to six weeks resulted in a reduction of the relevant parameter value of up to 44% (mean 16%) in the distal part of the radius, whereas no significant change could be seen in the diaphyseal part of the same bone.Rapid remineralization of trabecular bone is indicated by the increase of the corresponding parameter value at a rate of up to several percent per week. However, in some of the patients studied complete normalization was not attained during the first six months following cast removal.This work has been supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation     

Microstructure of trabecular bone in a mouse model for down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and results in a suite of dysmorphic phenotypes, including effects on the postcranial skeleton and the skull. We have previously demonstrated parallels in the patterns of craniofacial dysmorphology in DS and in the Ts65Dn mouse model for DS. The specific mechanisms underlying the production of these changes in craniofacial shape remain unknown. High‐resolution computed tomography scan data were collected for the presphenoid bone of euploid and aneuploid mice. Three‐dimensional morphometric parameters of trabecular bone were quantified and compared between euploid and aneuploid mice using nonparametric statistical tests. Aneuploid presphenoid bones were smaller than those of their euploid littermates and had lower bone volume fraction and fewer, more rod‐like trabeculae. The differences in cancellous bone structure suggest that bone development, perhaps including bone modeling and remodeling, is affected by aneuploidy. These differences may contribute to the observed dysmorphology of skull and postcranial skeletal phenotypes in DS. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

多尺度分析骨质疏松大鼠骨微结构变化

目的 多尺度分析骨质疏松大鼠的骨微结构变化。 方法 20只5月龄雌性SD大鼠随机选取12只实施双侧去卵巢(ovariectomy, OVX)手术,术后 8 周形成骨质疏松大鼠模型,另外 8 只作为假手术( SHAM) 对照组。 利用Micro-CT 和 SR-Nano-CT 定量分析骨质疏松大鼠在组织尺度下皮质骨和松质骨以及细胞尺度下骨细胞、骨陷窝小管和细胞外基质的微结构变化。 结果 组织尺度下,OVX 组皮质骨的截面积较 SHAM 组显著增大(P<0. 05),皮质骨骨密度和厚度较 SHAM 组虽有变化,但不显著;OVX 组骨小梁的骨密度、体积分数、厚度和骨小梁数量较 SHAM组显著降低(P<0. 01),骨小梁分离度显著增加(P<0. 01)。 细胞尺度下,OVX 组骨陷窝半轴长较 SHAM 组没有显 著差异,但 OVX 组骨陷窝厚度和骨小管直径较 SHAM 组显著增大(P<0. 05);同时,细胞尺度下 OVX 组皮质骨孔隙率较 SHAM 组显著增大(P<0. 05)。 结论 OVX 大鼠骨在组织和细胞尺度出现不同程度的微结构变化。 其中,组织尺度主要是松质骨丢失,皮质骨变化不大;细胞尺度骨陷窝小管网络孔隙显著增大,将直接影响皮质骨骨密度和强度。 多尺度分析骨质疏松大鼠骨微结构变化对于骨质疏松症的临床诊断及病理分析有潜在的应用价值。     

Comparative Three‐Dimensional Structure of the Trabecular Bone in the Talus of Primates and Its Relationship to Ankle Joint Loads Generated During Locomotion

The trabecular structure of the ankle bone in small to medium‐bodied (60–5000 g) primates of distinct locomotor types was analyzed using high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography. There are large inter‐, intraspecific, and regional (medial vs. lateral) variations in the trabecular architecture of the talar body. Body mass has no effect on the bone volume fraction or on the fabric anisotropy. However, both the number and thickness of trabeculae seem to be body mass‐dependent. All taxa show anisotropic trabecular bone, but the degree of anisotropy and elongation values vary, notably across the locomotion categories. The fabric orientation in the talar body indicates that, practically, all taxa studied display a generally consistent pattern of orientation restricted primarily to a dorsoplantar direction. We have observed a mediolateral difference in the bone volume fraction in most primates who are proficient or frequent climbers. This could reflect a specific reinforcement of the trabecular structure in response to the loads engendered in habitually sustained foot inversion. In contrast, tali of primates who are proficient or frequent leapers rather exhibit a different three‐dimensional distribution of the material, which consists of a more anisotropic trabecular structure. This could reflect stronger unidirectional and stereotypical‐loading conditions generated at the ankle joints during a leap. Finally, it appears that the talar trabecular bone structure has a good potential for predicting locomotion in extinct species. We have analyzed the trabecular bone structure of the talus of some Eocene European primates (Adapis, Leptadapis, and Necrolemur) and compared the functional signal of the external versus internal talar anatomy in these fossils. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Development of Cortical Bone Geometry in the Human Femoral and Tibial Diaphysis

Ontogenetic growth processes in human long bones are key elements, determining the variability of adult bone structure. This study seeks to identify and describe the interaction between ontogenetic growth periods and changes in femoral and tibial diaphyseal shape. Femora and tibiae (n = 46) ranging developmentally from neonate to skeletally mature were obtained from the Norris Farms No. 36 archeological skeletal series. High‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography scans were collected. Whole‐diaphysis cortical bone drift patterns and relative bone envelope modeling activity across ages were assessed in five cross‐sections per bone (total bone length: 20%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 80%) by measuring the distance from the section centroid to the endosteal and periosteal margins in eight sectors using ImageJ. Pearson correlations were performed to document and interpret the relationship between the cross‐sectional shape (I_max/I_min), total subperiosteal area, cortical area, and medullary cavity area for each slice location and age for both the femur and the tibia. Differences in cross‐sectional shape between age groups at each cross‐sectional position were assessed using nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U tests. The data reveal that the femoral and tibial midshaft shape are relatively conserved throughout growth; yet, conversely, the proximal and distal femoral diaphysis and proximal tibial diaphysis appear more sensitive to developmentally induced changes in mechanical loading. Two time periods of accelerated change are identified: early childhood and prepuberty/adolescence. Anat Rec, 296:774–787, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Influence of Ovariectomy on Bone Turnover and Trabecular Bone Mass in Mature Cynomolgus Monkeys

Purpose

To examine the influence of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites in mature cynomolgus monkeys.

Materials and Methods

Six female cynomolgus monkeys, aged 17-21 years, were randomized into 2 groups by the stratified weight: the OVX and sham-operation groups (n = 3 in each group). The experimental period was 16 months. Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in vivo and serum and urinary bone turnover markers were longitudinally measured, and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed on trabecular bone of the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius at the end of the experiment.

Results

OVX induced in a reduction in lumbar BMD compared with the sham controls and the baseline, as a result of increased serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urinary levels of cross-lined N- and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. Furthermore, OVX induced reductions in trabecular volumetric BMD and trabecular bone mass compared with the sham controls, with increased bone formation rate at the lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, and distal radius.

Conclusion

The results indicated that OVX in mature cynomolgus monkeys (17-21 years of age) increased bone turnover and induced trabecular bone loss at the three skeletal sites compared with the sham controls. Thus, mature cynomolgus monkeys could be utilized for preclinical studies to examine the effects of interventions on bone turnover and trabecular bone mass at the 3 clinically important skeletal sites.     

皮质骨的多级结构与韧化机制研究进展

人体皮质骨是一种主要由胶原蛋白和矿化羟基磷灰石晶体共同构成的生物复合材料,它既具备了高强度、刚度和断裂韧性,同时又具有耐受损伤和自我修复的能力。在长期的进化过程中,骨组织具备了满足其功能需求的生物力学强韧性,其强韧性机制存在于多级结构的各个层面。通过综述皮质骨的多级结构和各层级强韧机制的研究进展,将增强人们对老龄化骨质疏松诊断、预防和治疗以及各种骨病病理机制的认识。     

Morphometry and Patterns of Lamellar Bone in Human Haversian Systems

The lamellar architecture of secondary osteons (Haversian systems) has been studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in transverse sections of human cortical bone. Na₃PO₄ etching was used to improve the resolution of the interface between neighboring lamellae and the precision of measurements. These technical improvements permitted testing of earlier morphometry assumptions concerning lamellar thickness while revealing the existence of different lamellar patterns. The mean lamellar thickness was 9.0 ± 2.13 μm, thicker and with a wider range of variation with respect to earlier measurements. The number of lamellae showed a direct correlation with the lamellar bone area, and their thickness had a random distribution for osteonal size classes. The circular, concentrical pattern was the more frequently observed, but spiral and crescent‐moon‐shaped lamellae were also documented. Selected osteons were examined by either SEM or SEM combined with polarized light microscopy allowing comparisons of corresponding sectors of the osteon. The bright bands observed with polarized light corresponded to the grooves observed in etched sections by SEM. The dark bands corresponded to the lamellar surface with the cut fibrils oriented approximately longitudinally along the central canal axis. However, lamellae with large and blurred bright bands could be observed, which did not correspond to a groove observed by SEM. These findings are in contrast with the assumption that all the fibril layers within a lamella are oriented along a constant and unchangeable angle. The different lamellar patterns may be explained by the synchronous or staggered recruitment and activation of osteoblasts committed to the osteon's completion. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Comparison of the Effect of Vitamin K2 and Risedronate on Trabecular Bone in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rats: A Bone Histomorphometry Study

Purpose

To compare the effect of vitamin K₂ and risedronate on trabecular bone in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated rats.

Materials and Methods

Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley female rats, 3 months of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into 5 groups according to the following treatment schedule: age-matched control, GC administration, and GC administration with concomitant administration of vitamin K₂, risedronate, or vitamin K₂ + risedronate. GC (methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 5.0 mg/kg) and risedronate (10 µg/kg) were administered subcutaneously three and five times a week, respectively. Vitamin K₂ (menatetrenone, 30 mg/kg) was administered orally three times a week. At the end of the 8-week experiment, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed on trabecular bone of the tibial proximal metaphysis.

Results

GC administration decreased trabecular bone mass compared with age-matched controls because of decreased bone formation (mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate) and increased bone erosion. Vitamin K₂ attenuated GC-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing GC-induced decrease in bone formation (mineralizing surface) and subsequently reducing GC-induced increase in bone erosion. Risedronate prevented GC-induced trabecular bone loss by preventing GC-induced increase in bone erosion although it also suppressed bone formation (mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate, and bone formation rate). Vitamin K₂ mildly attenuated suppression of bone formation (mineralizing surface) and bone erosion caused by risedronate without affecting trabecular bone mass when administered in combination.

Conclusion

The present study showed differential effect of vitamin K₂ and risedronate on trabecular bone in GC-treated rats.     

A Comparative Study of Trabecular Bone Mass Distribution in Cursorial and Non‐Cursorial Limb Joints

Skeletal design among cursorial animals is a compromise between a stable body that can withstand locomotor stress and a light design that is energetically inexpensive to grow, maintain, and move. Cursors have been hypothesized to reduce distal musculoskeletal mass to maintain a balance between safety and energetic cost due to an exponential increase in energetic demand observed during the oscillation of the distal limb. Additionally, experimental research shows that the cortical bone in distal limbs experiences higher strains and remodeling rates, apparently maintaining lower mass at the expense of a smaller safety factor. This study tests the hypothesis that the trabecular bone mass in the distal limb epiphyses of cursors is relatively lower than that in the proximal limb epiphyses to minimize the energetic cost of moving the limb. This study utilized peripheral quantitative computed tomography scanning to measure the trabecular mass in the lower and upper limb epiphyses of hominids, cercopithecines, and felids that are considered cursorial and non‐cursorial. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc corrections was used to test for significant differences in trabecular mass across limb epiphyses. The results indicate that overall, both cursors and non‐cursors exhibit varied trabecular mass in limb epiphyses and, in certain instances, conform to a proximal–distal decrease in mass irrespective of cursoriality. Specifically, hominid and cercopithecine hind limb epiphyses exhibit a proximal–distal decrease in mass irrespective of cursorial adaptations. These results suggest that cursorial mammals employ other energy saving mechanisms to minimize energy costs during running. Anat Rec, 298:797–809, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉设计以及在腰椎改良皮质骨轨迹的应用

目的 设计一款用于改良皮质骨轨迹（modified cortical bone trajectory,MCBT）置钉技术的新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉,验证新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉在MCBT技术中的力学特性。方法 根据MCBT技术,设计螺钉的螺距为2 mm,全长45 mm,粗杆部分直径恒定5.5 mm,细杆部分直径为4.0~4.5 mm变径,粗杆和细杆连接的变径位置长度为2 mm。从变径位置、螺纹深度、螺纹类型3个方面设置参数,开展三因素三水平L9正交试验,并建立螺钉模型。基于有限元方法对设计的螺钉进行扭转、弯曲和拔出力计算,对结果进行极差分析并确定螺钉模型。建立骨质疏松标本L4椎体三维模型,并按照MCBT技术置钉。比较新型变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉和常规非变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉抗拔出力。结果 通过极差分析,得出螺钉6（变径位置距离螺钉头部24 mm,螺纹深度0.7 mm,螺纹类型为45°对称螺纹）为最优螺钉。在抗拔出力方面,第6款变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉比4.5 mm常规非变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉提高13.1%,与5.5 mm常规非变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉相比不具有统计学差异。结论 螺钉变径位置对螺钉拔出力影响最小,螺纹类型对拔出力影响最大,螺纹深度对扭转、弯曲影响最大。与常规非变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉相比,变径全皮质骨螺纹螺钉前端较细,可避免进钉点发生劈裂;螺钉后端直径较粗,具有较好的抗拔出力性能。研究结果为MCBT技术的临床应用提供新的理论基础。     

中上胸椎皮质骨通道螺钉固定的生物力学有限元仿真研究

目的比较研究经皮质骨通道(cortical bone trajectory,CBT)螺钉系统和传统椎弓根螺钉系统在中上胸椎内固定中的生物力学性能。方法通过正常人T7～8节段CT扫描获取断层图像,利用Mimics软件重建人体T7～8三维模型,再通过FreeForm模型优化和ANSYS软件前处理功能建立中上胸椎有限元模型,并在此基础上分别建立椎间盘切除后CBT螺钉和椎弓根螺钉固定模型,对两组模型分别施加5 N·m前屈、后伸、侧弯和旋转载荷,比较分析椎体及植入物在不同工况下的位移及应力峰值。结果各载荷条件下,CBT螺钉组最大位移较椎弓根螺钉组偏低,CBT螺钉组活动度小于椎弓根螺钉组。两组模型的整体应力水平接近,CBT螺钉组偏低于椎弓根螺钉组。前屈、后伸及旋转载荷下,椎弓根螺钉组椎体的最大应力较CBT螺钉组分别降低31%、17%和18%;侧弯载荷下,CBT螺钉组椎体应力相对椎弓根螺钉组降低20%。前屈及旋转载荷下,椎弓根螺钉组椎体的最大应力小于CBT螺钉组,降低幅度分别为2%和11%;后伸及侧弯载荷下,CBT螺钉组椎体最大应力小于椎弓根螺钉组,降低幅度为11%和1%。结论 CBT螺钉在结构稳定性上优于传统椎弓根螺钉,整体应力分布上接近于椎弓根螺钉,但在椎体应力分布方面稍有逊色。研究结果为中上胸椎椎弓根螺钉固定失效后采用CBT螺钉固定的临床应用提供理论基础。     

传统与皮质骨轨迹椎弓根螺钉内固定术的生物力学对比

目的 比较皮质骨轨迹(cortical bone trajectory, CBT)和传统轨迹(traditional trajectory, TT)椎弓根螺钉内固定对正常和骨质疏松性脊柱活动度(range of motion, ROM)和钉棒系统受力的影响。方法 建立正常骨质和骨质疏松腰椎L3～S1有限元模型,使用两种轨迹的螺钉钉棒系统对L4～5节段进行内固定,分别模拟人体前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和左右旋转6种生理载荷,对比两种内固定术式对正常和骨质疏松脊柱ROM和螺钉最大等效应力的影响。结果 对于两种骨质情况,相比于未置钉的节段模型,CBT和TT手术均显著降低了固定节段(L4～5)和下腰椎整个节段(L3～S1)ROM;但是,CBT组较TT组ROM下降的幅度略小,两者在屈伸时相近,而在侧弯和轴向旋转时差别明显;此外,在正常骨质模型和骨质疏松模型中,CBT组螺钉最大等效应力均较TT组有明显增加,正常骨质模型中CBT组螺钉最大等效应力在屈伸、侧弯、轴向旋转时比TT组分别提高27%、268%、58%。但在同时采用CBT技术时,骨质疏松模型较正常骨质模型有更小的螺钉应力分布。结论 骨质疏松条件下,...     

基于丝素/胶原/羟基磷灰石仿生骨材料的多维结构及其性能

目的 体外构建丝素蛋白（silk fibroin,SF）、I型胶原(type I collagen,Col-I)和羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite, HA)共混体系制备二维复合膜和三维仿生支架,研究其理化性质和生物相容性,探讨其在组织工程支架材料中应用的可行性。方法 通过在细胞培养小室底部共混SF/Col-I/HA以及低温3D打印结合真空冷冻干燥法制备二维复合膜及三维支架。通过机械性能测试、电子显微镜和Micro-CT检测材料的理化性质,检测细胞的增殖评估其生物相容性。结果 通过共混和低温3D打印获得稳定的二维复合膜及三维多孔结构支架;力学性能具有较好的一致性,孔径、吸水率、孔隙率和弹性模量均符合构建组织工程骨的要求;支架为网格状的白色立方体,内部孔隙连通性较好; HA均匀分布在复合膜中,细胞黏附在复合膜上,呈扁平状;细胞分布在支架孔壁周围,呈梭形状,生长及增殖良好。结论 利用SF/Col-I/HA共混体系成功制备复合膜及三维支架,具有较好的孔连通性与孔结构,有利于细胞和组织的生长以及营养输送,其理化性能以及生物相容性符合骨组织工程生物材料的要求。     

股骨头坏死松质骨生物力学特征的空间分布规律

目的 探究股骨头坏死松质骨微观结构参数和力学性能的空间分布规律,为临床诊断中科学评估病灶对病情的影响提供理论依据。方法 结合影像学测量和数值模拟方法,定量分析不同区域松质骨的微观结构参数和力学性能,分别从冠状面、矢状面和水平面投影方向上探究松质骨生物力学特征的空间分布特点。结果 在股骨头冠状面和矢状面投影方向上,松质骨的微观结构特征与力学性能大致呈Y型分布,Y形区域内松质骨的力学性能高于其他区域,该分布特点与股骨头内的主压应力束的位置相吻合。结论 位于股骨头Y形区域内的坏死灶对股骨头内应力分布的影响程度会更大,更有可能导致病情恶化。临床诊断中应充分考虑坏死灶和Y形区域的位置关系。