个体化皮瓣在舌再造中的临床应用

目的依照头颈肿瘤外科修复重建原则,给予舌癌根治术后,采用个体化皮瓣进行舌再造,使患者的吞咽及语言功能早日恢复,提高患者对手术的依从性,最大程度的减少精神创伤。方法对67例舌鳞癌患者在根治术中应用皮瓣移位或皮瓣移植完成修复重建,在皮瓣设计上采取个体化,并从患者术后恢复情况、并发症发生情况、对手术的依从性及其可能产生的精神创伤等方面进行判定及分析。结果术后舌创面Ⅰ期愈合67例,1例血管栓塞患者抢救成功,其他无不良并发症,修复成活率为100%。再造舌外形大部分良好,吞咽功能恢复正常,语言功能恢复优或良,患者心理状况良好。结论个体化皮瓣进行舌再造术的成功率高,并发症发生率低,功能恢复良好,且患者的依从性高,精神创伤小,值得推广。     

舌肿瘤切除术后游离前臂皮瓣行舌缺损的再造与修复（附5例报告）

舌肿瘤切除术后游离前臂皮瓣行舌缺损的再造与修复（附５例报告）郑苍尚副主任医师张同盛，木合塔，邱志远新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院（８３０００１）舌肿瘤切除术后舌体的缺损修复和功能重建一直是口腔颌面外科医生追求的目标，我们自９２年以来，用前臂游离皮瓣血管吻合...     

21例舌癌游离股前外侧皮瓣舌再造术临床体会

[目的]探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣在舌癌缺损修复舌再造术中的应用价值.[方法]回顾并分析2004年2月～2005年12月,应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后缺损舌再造术21例.[结果]21块游离瓣全部成活,术后血栓发生率4.8%(1/21).随访3个月～2年,再造舌形态丰满、功能满意.1例(T4N1M0)术后1年因颈淋巴结转移死亡,未发现舌局部复发者.[结论]游离股前外侧皮瓣移植安全可靠,供区隐蔽功能影响小,皮瓣厚度适宜,是修复舌癌术后缺损舌再造术的优良供区,值得推广普及.     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在舌再造术中的应用

报告舌癌行全舌,或舌大部或舌根广泛切除术后,应用胸大肌皮瓣行舌再造术的经验。方法 自１９８４年１２月至１９９５年９月,我院对８６例Ｔ３或Ｔ４舌癌根治术后的舌缺损,应用带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣同期进行了舌再造术。结果 肌皮瓣全坏死１例。术后吞咽和语言功能恢复正常分别为５９例和４４例。     

肌腱悬吊联合前臂皮瓣重建口腔癌术后合并口角缺损的临床应用研究

目的：探讨肌腱悬吊联合前臂皮瓣游离移植修复重建口腔癌术后合并口角缺损的临床效果。方法：对12例颊粘膜鳞癌根治术后合并口角缺损的患者,根据唇、颊部和口角缺损大小个性化设计前臂皮瓣,供、受区血管行端端吻合,按缺损长度切取掌长肌肌腱与口轮匝肌和颊肌悬吊缝合重建口角。结果12例血管化游离移植前臂皮瓣全部存活,术后口角外形满意。术后随访6~24个月,所有患者唇颊部形态、功能恢复良好,无明显言语及咀嚼功能障碍,未见肿瘤复发及远处转移。结论：肌腱悬吊联合前臂皮瓣游离移植是修复口腔癌术后合并口角缺损较为理想的一种选择。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在舌再造术中的应用(附86例分析)

目的报告舌癌行全舌、或舌大部、或舌根广泛切除术后，应用胸大肌肌皮瓣行舌再造术的经验。方法自１９８４年１２月至１９９５年９月，我院对８６例Ｔ３或Ｔ４舌癌根治术后的舌缺损，应用带蒂胸大肌肌皮瓣同期进行了舌再造术。结果肌皮瓣全坏死１例。术后吞咽和语言功能恢复正常者分别为５９例和４４例。１，３，５年生存率分别为８６．０％、５１．２％和２３．３％。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣血供丰富，成活率高，无需微血管缝合，制作技术简单，易掌握。再造舌的外形和功能能满足临床需要。胸大肌肌皮瓣是舌切除术后广泛缺损的可靠修复材料     

游离皮瓣移植术对口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后缺损的修复研究

目的：探讨采取游离皮瓣移植术对口腔颌面恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的修复疗效及其对血清唾液酸（SA）和白介素-2（IL-2）的影响。方法对45例口腔颌面部肿瘤患者,肿瘤切除术后分别采取游离组织皮瓣移植术修复治疗。观察术后皮瓣生长、伤口愈合和不良反应发生情况;随访术后患者复发、吞咽和张口功能恢复以及生存情况;检测血清SA和IL-2水平。结果43例缺损成功修复,成功率95．56％;术后4例因淤血发生皮瓣小面积坏死,3例发生血管危象,经抗炎治疗及局部处理后愈合;1例术后出现供区感染伴积液,给予切开引流后愈合;2例术后2d出现轻度的消化系统不良反应,如恶心、呕吐,导致皮瓣血管危象,行移植皮瓣切除术;局部血肿3例,给予清创止血处理皮瓣愈合。随访时间2～4年,3年生存37例,生存率为82．22％。治疗前,口腔恶性肿瘤患者血清SA水平明显高于对照组和良性肿瘤组,而IL-2水平明显低于对照组和良性肿瘤组,比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;治疗后1天和2周,患者血清SA水平均明显下降,而IL-2均明显升高,比较差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。结论应用游离皮瓣移植术修复口腔颌面恶件肿瘤术后组织缺损疗效好、并发症较少,患者血清SA和IL-2水平测定对口腔颌面部肿瘤术后患者的恢复和预后评价均有重要的临床意义。     

前臂皮瓣修复舌鳞状细胞癌术后舌缺损患者的术后生存质量观察

目的比较前臂皮瓣修复与游离股前外侧皮瓣修复对c N0期舌鳞状细胞癌术后舌缺损患者术后生存质量的影响。方法纳入52例c N0期舌鳞状细胞癌患者,手术方案均为改良肩胛舌骨上颈部淋巴结清扫术(MSOHND),舌部缺损分别采用游离桡侧前臂皮瓣修复(研究组)与游离股前外侧皮瓣修复(对照组)。术后12个月,进行生存质量问卷(UW-QOL)调查,对两组患者生存质量进行评估。另观察两组患者抑郁情况。结果 UW-QOL评分显示,研究组肩活动、吞咽、语言、肩功能以及总得分分别为(68.1±19.0)、(59.1±14.1)、(55.5±20.3)、(57.3±27.9)、(897.5±65.2)分,对照组肩活动、吞咽、语言、肩功能以及总得分分别为(84.4±18.6)、(78.2±19.8)、(80.1±20.4)、(89.4±16.0)、(754.2±101.3)分,上述指标研究组均优于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。观察组SAS、SDS、SES评分分别为(36.5±4.1)、(32.9±3.0)、(24.5±4.1)分,对照组SAS、SDS、SES评分分别为(42.0±4.2)、(39.6±4.1)、(18.4±3.1)分,研究组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 c N0期舌鳞状细胞癌患者进行MSOHND及前臂皮瓣修复,能够有效改善患者术后生存质量,值得推广。     

舌癌224例根治性手术后立即整复

本文报告我科1978年1月～1987年12月10年间224例舌癌联合根治术后应用各类组织瓣一期重建缺损的治疗经验。移植234块组织瓣的总成功率为94.0％。作者指出:游离前壁皮瓣手术简单,成功率高,是理想的半舌切除后舌再造的首选皮瓣。胸大肌肌皮瓣或背阔肌肌皮瓣能提供丰厚的组织,适用于全舌、全口底切除后的整复。肋骨背阔肌或肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣则适用于全舌、口底和下领骨联合根治性切除术后缺损的立即整复。     

38例舌癌切除后修复与再造术的临床体会

舌癌的外科手术治疗仍是当前治疗舌癌的首选手段,但常造成舌大部缺损或全舌缺损,给患者带来不同程度的吞咽、语言、咀嚼功能障碍及精神上的创伤。本文作者仅就1980年以来采用额瓣、前臂皮瓣和胸大肌肌皮瓣对38例舌大部切除和全舌切除的患者进行修复和再造,取得了较满意效果,现报道如下。临床资料一、年龄与性别本组38例中男34例,女4例。年龄最小30岁,最大70岁。二、肿瘤部位舌体癌21例,舌及口底癌14例.     

Severe atherosclerosis of the radial artery in a free radial forearm flap precluding its use

The free radial forearm flap is the most frequently used free flap for head and neck reconstructions. Survival of free flaps is dependent on adequate blood supply. A 69-year old woman was scheduled for excision of a T3N0M0 oropharyngeal carcinoma, neck dissections and reconstruction with a free vascularized radial forearm flap. During the operation it appeared that the entire radial artery was almost completely obstructed by atherosclerotic plaques precluding microvascular anastomosis. Despite systemic risk factors certain artery types are more prone to develop clinically manifest atherosclerosis. There are no reports on the pathology of the radial artery in free flap reconstructions. In head and neck cancer patients severe atherosclerosis of the radial artery is very rare, but if present makes free radial forearm flap reconstruction impossible. Therefore, in patients with risk factors for peripheral vascular disease screening for radial artery stenosis should be considered.     

多种组织瓣在口颊缺损重建中的应用

背景与目的：合理采用组织瓣进行口颊缺损重建,可以扩大口颊癌手术指征,改善患者的生存质量,延长患者生命。本研究目的是探讨组织瓣重建口颊缺损的指征,不同组织瓣的选择以及重建的手术技巧。方法：2005年9月至2007年8月间共行26例组织瓣重建口颊缺损手术,其中单纯口颊粘膜切除8例;口颊大型缺损18例,其中包括口颊面部皮肤洞穿切除11例,口颊、皮肤以及口角全缺损切除7例。26例患者中有7例行腮腺导管切除。胸大肌肌皮瓣转移重建5例,游离前臂桡侧皮瓣重建11例,游离股前外侧皮瓣6例,胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣4例。8例患者行术后放疗,剂量为66～70Gy。结果：围术期无死亡病例,1例皮瓣坏死,为游离前臂皮瓣重建病例;1例皮瓣部分坏死,为胸大肌肌皮瓣重建病例。皮瓣成功率为96．2％（25／26）。1例伤口积液,为涎腺瘘。所有患者均随访1-3年,7例复发患者中4例为原发灶复发,3例为颈部淋巴结复发。随访期间2例患者死亡,均为原发灶局部复发者。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣和游离前臂皮瓣是重建口颊大型缺损的良好皮瓣,是大于4cm的口颊缺损的首选：胸大肌肌皮瓣可作为口颊大型缺损重建的备用皮瓣;小于4cm的口颊缺损可选用胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣。     

Use of the double-paddle anterolateral thigh flap for locally advanced tongue carcinoma requiring second site reconstruction

BackgroundAdvanced oral tongue carcinoma can present with extension beyond the oral cavity. Operative defects after resection may involve multiple anatomical sites and significantly impact speech and swallowing. Dependence on long-term enteral feeding is not uncommon for these patients. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is one of the most reliable and flexible flaps used in the reconstruction of total and subtotal tongue defects. The double-paddle flap modification may be a more suitable option for complex oral tongue defects after advanced tumor ablation.MethodsCase series of 31 patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma that were classified as stage IV. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 63 years. We designed the double-paddle ALT flaps to reconstruct the two-site surgical defects (tongue defect and pharynx or neck skin defect). Postoperative viability of the flap was checked by clinical observation. The last examination was performed at 3-months after the completion of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The functional capacity of our patients was evaluated by three physicians (Head and Neck Surgeon, Radiation Oncologist, and Physiatrist) using a Speech Intelligibility Score and the Functional Oral Intake Scale.ResultsA total of 31 patients with surgical defects after total or subtotal tongue resection for cancer underwent double-paddle ALT flaps for reconstruction from March 2018 to December 2019. The dimension of flaps from 8 × 12 cm to 10 × 18 cm were divided into double-paddle from 8 × 5 cm to 10 × 10 cm. There was one case of pedicle thrombosis, one case of postoperative bleeding, three cases of neck infection, and six cases of salivary fistula. Our patients were seen in follow up from 6 to 36 months, with median follow-up of 23.5 months. The survival rate of ALT flap was 100%. All of our patients achieved an oral diet by 9 months after surgery. The mean score speech intelligibility was 2.74 ± 0.68 (4-point ordinal scale). The 2-year disease-free survival rate was 61.3%.ConclusionsThe double-paddle ALT flap is a reliable flap suitable for oral defects involving multiple subsites after ablative procedures. The majority of patients demonstrated acceptable functional rehabilitation.Clinical question/ level of evidenceTherapeutic, IV.     

侧斜方肌肌皮瓣修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损的初步探索

目的探索侧斜方肌肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤术后缺损中的作用及其优缺点。方法自2005年6月至2006年6月共采用带蒂侧斜方肌肌皮瓣移植修复头颈肿瘤术后缺损6例,其中舌根癌3例,鼻咽癌放疗后颈淋巴结复发累及皮肤3例,观察肌皮瓣的存活情况、组织移植后功能状态和肿瘤控制的近期疗效。结果全部肌皮瓣存活,无手术并发症,舌根缺损修复后进食、咀嚼、发音均满意,颈部缺损修复后外形满意,无垂肩畸形;全部病例随访6～18个月,1例舌根癌术后6个月死于肿瘤复发,1例鼻咽癌放疗后复发者术后6个月复发,挽救治疗中,其余4例均无瘤生存至今。结论侧斜方肌肌皮瓣可以安全地应用于舌根、颈部缺损修复;手术方便,对供区影响小是该皮瓣的优点;颈横静脉缺如偶有存在,确保充足的静脉回流是手术成功的关键。     

Ablation of advanced tongue or base of tongue cancer and reconstruction with free flap: functional outcomes.

AIM: To evaluate the functional outcomes of patients who underwent total or nearly total glossectomy for advanced tongue or base of tongue cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used the radial forearm free flap (RFFF), anterior lateral thigh flap (ALTF) or fibular osteocutaneous flap (FOCF) to reconstruct the oral defect after radical resection in 39 patients undergoing total or nearly total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation. RESULTS: Good functional outcomes, measured by independent feeding, speech and swallowing were achieved in 35, 36 and 35 patients, respectively. The cumulative 4-year survival rates were 63.8% for tongue cancer and 42.9% for base of tongue cancer. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction with free flaps is a feasible method to restore the functional outcomes in speech and deglutition among patients who undergo total or nearly total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation.     

Use of the infra hyoid musculo-cutaneous flap in soft palate reconstruction

AIMS: To review a series of 23 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinomas arising from oropharynx who underwent infra hyoid musculo-cutaneous flap reconstruction including soft palate in alternative to free radial forearm flap or maxillofacial prosthesis. Post operative radiotherapy was performed for all patients. RESULTS: Every reconstruction healed quickly without major wound complications. The functional results evaluated by speech and swallowing capacities, were good for 17 patients, fair for 4 patients and bad for 2. CONCLUSIONS: The infra hyoid musculo-cutaneous flap is a versatile, reliable and convenient flap suitable for repairing small and medium sized defects; it can be used in combination with other flaps, and in selected cases obviates the need for a microvascular free radial forearm flap or maxillofacial prosthesis.