不同手术入路髋臼假体放置角度差异对疗效的影响

目的 探讨前外侧入路和后外侧入路行全髋关节置换术时髋臼假体放置角度差异对疗效的影响.方法 对2006年1月至2011年12月67例行初次单侧全髋关节置换术患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,根据手术入路不同分为前外侧入路组(31例)和后外侧入路组(36例),两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),具有可比性.术中测量髋臼假体安放时的前倾角、外展角,比较两组患者术中髋关节中立位的最大髋关节屈曲角和后伸角,以及术后髋关节Harris评分和脱位发生率.结果 前外侧入路组术中髋臼假体放置的前倾角为8°～ 20°,外展角为30°～40°;后外侧入路组中髋臼假体放置的前倾角为15°～30°,外展角为35°～45°.两组患者的髋关节平均最大屈曲角(110°±11°比100°±10°)和最大后伸角(15°±4°比25°±6°)差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患者术后获12～18个月(平均15.6个月)随访,两组患者的术后Harris评分[(89±11)分比(88±12)分]和髋关节脱位发生率[3.2％(1/31)比5.5％(2/36)]差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 不同手术入路行全髋关节置换术时对髋臼假体前倾角的放置有不同要求,前外侧入路中髋臼假体的前倾角应当比后外侧入路中髋臼假体的前倾角小;髋臼假体放置角度差异对疗效无显著影响.     

计算机导航辅助下植入髋臼假体的临床研究

目的探讨非影像手术导航系统对髋臼假体植入位置的影响。方法23例(32髋)患者在导航系统下进行全髋关节置换术,设定髋臼最佳植入股骨外展角为140°,前倾角为15°。患者分导航组(16髋)和对照组(16例),其中对照组采用传统手术。术后测定假体植入的角度。结果计算机导航手术组的髋臼前倾角为(15.4±1.4)°,外展角为(45.5±1.3)°;对照组前倾角为(13.9±7.6)°,外展角为(43.7±6.4)°,两者之间的差别具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论非影像手术导航系统下可以精确地植入髋臼假体,减少假体松动的发生,具有重要的临床价值。     

全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体位相的安全范围及杯颈前倾角的优化组合

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)中髋臼杯的安全范围及杯颈前倾角的优化组合方法. 方法 建立THA三维可视化模型,定义两种髋关节活动度标准:一般标准(髋关节屈曲≥110°、屈曲90°时内旋≥30°、后伸≥30°和中立位外旋≥40°而没有假体撞击)和严格标准(髋关节屈曲≥120°、屈曲90°时内旋≥45°、后伸≥30°和中立位外旋≥40°而没有假体撞击).头颈比变化范围为2.00 ～2.92,股骨假体前倾角变化范围为0～30°,髋臼假体外展角变化范围为10°～60°,髋臼前倾角变化范围为0 ～ 70°,计算满足髋关节两组活动标准、臼杯外展角每变化5°相应的髋臼假体前倾角的安装参数.结果 严格标准下的安全范围较一般标准小,两种标准下的髋臼杯安全范围面积随着头颈比增大而增大.当颈干角为130°时,一般标准和严格标准下髋臼杯前倾角(Y)与股骨假体前倾角(X)的关系分别为Y1=-0.840X1+38.41,Y2=- 1.007 X2 +47.46;允许的最小髋臼外展角(OImin)和头颈比(GR)的关系分别为OImin'1=168.13 GR1-2.504,OImin'2=213.79 GR2-2.272.当颈干角从135°移向130°时,杯安全范围移向杯前倾角较小的区域,面积也有所减小.结论 THA中可以通过增大头颈比来扩大臼杯安放的安全范围.允许的最小髋臼外展角随着头颈比增大而变小,杯前倾角与股骨颈前倾角呈负相关.股骨颈前倾角的增大和颈干角的变小均使得杯安全范围移向杯前倾角较小的区域.     

导航模板辅助成人髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术的CT分析

目的通过计算机辅助设计的导航模板辅助成人髋关节发育不良(DDH)全髋关节置换术,并对其效果进行CT分析。方法 28例32髋成人发育性DDH患者通过导航模板行全髋关节置换术,男19例,女9例,年龄33~53岁,Crowe分期Ⅰ期15髋;Ⅱ期6髋;Ⅲ期6髋;Ⅳ期5髋。通过术前薄层CT扫描的三维数据,设计导航模板,并应用于全髋关节置换手术,同时行术前、术后CT对比。结果 32髋术后的髋臼假体位置良好,外翻角在40°~54°,髋臼杯外展角偏移度为(1.8±0.3)°,前倾角为10°~23°,髋臼杯前倾角偏移度为(2.2±0.9)°,无股神经和坐骨神经损伤等并发症。结论计算机辅助设计的导航模板可以为为DDH全髋置换髋臼假体的置入提供一种个性化、精确定位的方法,同时简化了手术过程。     

髋关节假体安装参数的计算机模拟研究

目的 研究不同颈干角股骨假体在前倾角变化时获得理想髋关节活动度所需要的髋臼安装参数.方法 建立人工全髋关节三维计算机模型,髋臼杯假体采用半球形,臼杯直径480mm,颈干角分别为127°、131°和135°.股骨假体前倾角变化范围为0°~30°,臼杯假体俯倾角变化范围为30°~60°、前倾角变化范围为0°~40°.每变化5°重复一次髋关节在6个方向(屈曲、后伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋)的活动,选出符合最佳髋关节活动度的假体安装参数.采用SAS 6.12统计学软件对数据进行分析.结果 颈干角分别为127°、131°和135°的假体,其最佳的臼杯俯倾角安装位置分别为45°、40°和35°;在活动满足后伸>40°、内收>50°、外展>50°、内旋>80°、外旋>40°的条件下,髋关节最大屈曲度分别为135.64°±3.45°、126.00°±3.57°和118.29°±3.29°;臼杯假体前倾角(Y)和股骨假体前倾角(X)的关系分别为Y+0.69×X=36.93°,Y+0.71×X=37.10°和Y+0.64×X=36.79°.结论 臼杯俯倾角最佳安装位置随着假体颈干角的变大而逐渐变小,髋关节在安全范围可以达到的最大屈髋度数随假体颈干角变大而逐渐减小,股骨假体前倾角度和臼杯前倾角度呈负相关.     

小切口人工全髋置换假体位置的准确性分析

[目的]评价小切口人工全髋关节置换术假体安放位置的准确性.[方法]自2005年9月～2006年3月行后外侧单切口入路小切口人工全髋关节置换术26例30髋和常规切口人工全髋关节置换术34例35髋.小切口组男15例,女11例,平均52±14.4岁,常规切口组男17例,女17例,平均48±11.7岁.比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、输血量、切口长度和并发症,分析术后影像学资料,测量髋臼杯外展角,髋臼杯前倾角,髋关节旋转中心,肢体长度,股骨假体内外翻比例.比较两组患者的临床疗效和假体安放位置的准确性.[结果]两组在年龄、性别、术后引流量、手术时间、体重质量指数无统计学差别.小切口组25例(29髋),常规切口组32例(33髋)随访18～24月(平均20.1个月).小切口组术中出血量(497±64.9 ml)比常规切口组(675±181.4 ml)少(P<0.05).常规切口组术后需要输血量明显增多(P<0.05).两组患者无严重并发症发生.术后测量髋臼杯外展角小切口组37.7°±6.8°,常规切口组40.3°±5.8°;髋臼杯前倾角小切口组10.8°±7.2°, 常规切口组13.2°±8.9°; 髋关节旋转中心平均上移小切口组-1.4±2.5 mm, 常规切口组-1.5±3.8 mm;术后肢体延长小切口组1.1±7.1 mm, 常规切口组1.5±8.4 mm;股骨假体小切口组内翻1例,中置27例,外翻2例; 常规切口组内翻2例,中置30例,外翻3例.两组假体位置相关参数测量数值差别无统计意义.[结论]在合理选择病例,术者具有丰富经验的情况下,小切口人工全髋关节置换术创伤小、出血少,与常规切口手术相比并不影响假体位置的安放.     

自制髋臼假体角度安放导向器的研制与临床应用

[目的]验证在初次人工全髋关节置换时,使用自制髋臼假体角度导向器辅助安装,对提高髋臼假体置入角度准确率的影响和临床疗效。[方法]90例(98髋)进行全髋关节置换术,设定髋臼最佳置入外展角为40°,前倾角为20°。患者随机分导向器组(50髋)和对照组(48髋),其中导向器组手术中采用自制金属髋臼假体安装导向器辅助下进行髋臼假体的安放,对照组则采用传统手术,没有借助任何定位导向安装设备,完全靠徒手安装。术后拍骨盆前后位X线片测量髋臼假体角度,并将测量的外展角与前倾角数据进行分析,评估两种方法安放髋臼假体的准确性。[结果]导向器组:手术中安装导向器时间为40 s~1 min 30 s,髋臼前倾角为14.54°±5.25°,外展角为41.82°±3.61°;对照组前倾角为17.49°±8.47°,外展角为39.26°±7.19°。将外展角、前倾角均值分别进行比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]髋臼角度导向器可以提高置入髋臼假体的准确性,术中操作方便,安装导向器耗时短,可以反复使用,具有重要的临床价值。     

3D打印髋关节旋转中心定位器在全髋关节置换术中的辅助作用

目的探讨3D打印髋关节旋转中心定位器在全髋关节置换术中的辅助作用。方法回顾性分析2015年8月至2017年12月期间郑州市骨科医院关节Ⅰ科采用单侧人工全髋关节置换术治疗的14例股骨头缺血性坏死或股骨颈骨折患者资料。男8例,女6例;年龄为37~65岁,平均51.8岁。运用3D打印髋关节旋转中心定位器辅助进行全髋关节置换术。术后测量臼杯的外展角、前倾角及髋关节旋转中心,记录患者手术后髋关节旋转中心O2(患侧)与解剖旋转中心O1(健侧)的符合情况、末次随访时髋关节功能及并发症发生情况。结果14例患者术后获6~24个月(平均18个月)随访。髋关节旋转中心O2与解剖旋转中心O1的纵坐标分别为(19.36±3.61)、(18.33±3.41)mm,横坐标分别为(39.93±2.97)、(39.99±3.16)mm,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),旋转中心符合。术后患侧外展角与髋臼前倾角均在正常范围内:外展39.3°±3.2°,前倾14.6°±1.2°。末次随访时14例患者的髋关节Harris评分由术前(42.3±3.2)分提高至(94.3±4.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.873,P=0.002);优13例,良1例。随访期间X线片示假体位置良好,无髋臼及股骨假体松动,未见异位骨化形成。结论3D打印髋关节旋转中心定位器应用于人工全髋关节置换术,可有效协助髋关节旋转中心的重建,精准植入髋臼假体。     

虚拟影像导航系统对提高髋臼假体植入精度的临床观察

目的研究非影像手术导航系统对髋臼假体植入位置精度的影响。方法2004年2月～2006年4月收治23例(26髋)髋关节病变患者,采用在无影像手术导航下开展全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)进行治疗。男14例,女9例;年龄28～55岁。其中类风湿性关节炎3例(3髋),股骨头坏死6例(7髋),骨性关节炎14例(16髋)。随机分为两组:计算机导航组11例13髋,在无影像手术导航下行THA;对照组12例13髋,采用传统THA。设定髋臼最佳植入股骨外展角45°,前倾角为15°。术后测定假体植入的角度。结果术后无骨折、脱位、感染及坐骨神经损伤。计算机导航组的髋臼前倾角为15.4±1.4°,外展角为45.5±1.3°;对照组髋臼前倾角为13.9±7.6°,外展角为43.7±6.4°;比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且计算机导航组的角度值比对照组更接近和集中于设定值。23例均获随访10～40个月,平均26个月。Harris评分计算机导航组为85～100分(平均95分),优11髋,良2髋;对照组为75～100分(平均92分),优9髋,良3髋,中1髋;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无影像手术导航系统下可以精确地植入髋臼假体,减少假体松动的发生,具有重要的临床价值。     

计算机导航辅助下与传统全膝关节置换术后下肢力线和假体位置的比较

目的 比较计算机导航辅助下和传统方法进行全膝关节置换(TKA)术后膝关节下肢力线和假体位置. 方法 对2007年5月至2009年12月收治的60例膝骨关节炎患者进行前瞻性研究,随机分为计算机导航组(导航组)和传统方法组(传统组),每组 30例.导航组:男11例,女19例;平均年龄(69.2±8.3)岁,术前患者下肢力线平均偏差9.4°±5.3°;膝关节骨关节炎分级:Ⅲ级12例,Ⅳ级18例.传统组:男17例,女13例;平均年龄(71.9±8.1)岁;术前患者下肢力线平均偏差8.9°±4.8°.膝关节骨关节炎分级:Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级13例.均采用同种产品的TKA,所有手术均由同一组医生完成.比较两组患者膝外翻角、冠面和矢状面的假体组件角度和手术时间. 结果 导航组髋-膝-踝角平均偏差角度(0.7°±0.2°)小于常规组(1.2°±0.3°),差异有统计学意义(t=3.972,P=0.000).导航组额面股骨部分角平均偏差角度(1.5°±0.4°)小于传统组(2.1°±0.5°),差异有统计学意义(t=2.433,P=0.017).导航组额而胫骨部分角(1.4°±0.5°)平均偏差角度小于传统组(1.5°±0.6°)差异无统计学意义(t=0.326、P=0.116).导航组侧面股骨部分角(7.3°±0.4°)和侧面胫骨部分角(2.5°±0.2°)平均偏差角度均小于传统组(9.5°±0.4°、4.5°±0.6°),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).导航组平均手术时间比传统组延长15～28min,差异有统计学意义(t=2.553,P=0.008).结论 计算机导航辅助下TKA与传统方法相比,下肢力线和假体组件的位置更准确.     

Validation and usefulness of a computer-assisted cup-positioning system in total hip arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized, controlled study

BACKGROUND: Malpositioning of the acetabular component during total hip arthroplasty increases the risk of dislocation, reduces the range of motion, and can be responsible for early wear and loosening. The purpose of this study was to compare computer-assisted with freehand insertion of the acetabular component. METHODS: A randomized, controlled, matched prospective study of two groups of thirty patients each was performed. In the first group, cup positioning was assisted by an imageless computer-assisted surgical system based on bone morphing. In the control group, the cup was placed freehand. All of the patients were operated on by the same surgeon through an anterolateral approach. Cup anteversion and abduction angles were measured on three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions postoperatively for each patient by an independent observer using special cup-evaluation software. RESULTS: There were sixteen men and fourteen women in each group, and the mean body-mass index was approximately 25 in each group. The computer-assisted procedure took a mean of twelve minutes longer than the freehand procedure. Fifty-seven percent (seventeen) of the thirty cups placed freehand and 20% (six) of the thirty in the computer-assisted group were outside of the defined safe zone (outliers). This difference was significant (p = 0.002). There were no differences between the computer-assisted group and the freehand-placement group with regard to the mean abduction and anteversion angles, but there was a significant heterogeneity of variances, with the lowest variations in the computer-assisted group. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an imageless navigation system can improve cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty by reducing the percentage of outliers.     

Computer-assisted cup placement techniques in total hip arthroplasty improve accuracy of placement

Malposition of the acetabular component during hip arthroplasty increases the occurrence of impingement, reduces range of motion, and increases the risk of dislocation and long-term wear. To prevent malpositioned hip implants, an increasing number of computer-assisted orthopaedic systems have been described, but their accuracy is not well established. The purpose of this study was to determine the reproducibility and accuracy of conventional versus computer-assisted techniques for positioning the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty. Using a lateral approach, 150 cups were placed by 10 surgeons in 10 identical plastic pelvis models (freehand, with a mechanical guide, using computer assistance). Conditions for cup implantations were made to mimic the operating room situation. Preoperative planning was done from a computed tomography scan. The accuracy of cup abduction and anteversion was assessed with an electromagnetic system. Freehand placement revealed a mean accuracy of cup anteversion and abduction of 10 degrees and 3.5 degrees, respectively (maximum error, 35 degrees). With the cup positioner, these angles measured 8 degrees and 4 degrees (maximum error, 29.8 degrees), respectively, and using computer assistance, 1.5 degrees and 2.5 degrees degrees (maximum error, 8 degrees), respectively. Computer-assisted cup placement was an accurate and reproducible technique for total hip arthroplasty. It was more accurate than traditional methods of cup positioning.     

大直径股骨头金属对金属全髋关节置换术的近期临床疗效

目的 评价大直径股骨头(大头)金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病的近期疗效,回顾性分析影响该类全髋关节置换术临床疗效的因素.方法 对2007年10月至12月,采用大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病患者41例(49髋)进行术后随访.临床评估以Harris评分为标准,记录患髋的活动范围及并发症发生情况.影像学评估根据随访骨盆X线片及患髋正、侧位X线片,测量髋臼外展角、前倾角,记录髋臼和股骨假体周围透亮线和骨溶解情况.结果 截至随访终点,共39例(47髋)获得2年以上随访,平均随访25个月,随访率为95.1%.Harris评分由术前的(43.8±13.1)分提高到末次随访时的(92.0±5.4)分.患髋活动度较术前明显改善,术后3个月屈髋由79.8°增加至110.2°,外展由20.9°增加至38.3°,外旋由12.0°增加至26.0°;术后2年屈髋平均可达113.2°,外展可达40.2°,外旋可达30.8°.术后患者轻度跛行3例,大腿不适2例,所有患者均无感染、假体周围骨折、术后假体松动或脱位、术后异位骨化发生.X线片显示:关节假体位置正常,髋臼假体外展角为39.5°±4.9°,前倾角为14.5°±2.1°,髋臼未见松动、移位.术后均未发现透亮线和假体周围骨溶解.结论 大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病具有良好的近期疗效,特别适用于活动量大、预期寿命较长的年轻患者.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head.Methods From October 2007 to December 2007,41 patients (49 hips) underwent large diameter femoral head metal-on-metal THA in our hospital were involved in this study.Clinical outcomes measures were Harris score,hip range of motion and incidence of complications.Abduction angle and anteversion angle of cup were measured on radiological films.The radiolucent line and osteolysis around the prosthesis were also recorded.Results Thirty-nine patients (47 hips) were followed up at least 2 years.The average Harris hip score had improved from (43.8±13.1) points preoperatively to (92.0±5.4) points at final follow-up.All the patients had attained satisfactory results.No late complication happened.For the rang of motion at final follow-up:flexion of the hip had improved from 79.8° to 113.2°,abduction had improved from 20.9° to 40.2°,external rotation had improved from 12.0° to 30.8°.Radiological measurement showed the mean abduction angle of cup was 39.5°±4.9°,the mean anteversion angle of cup was 14.5°±2.1°.No radiolucent line and osteolysis were found after THA.Conclusion The short-term effects of THA using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head is encouraging,especially for young patients.     

骨盆旋转对全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体安放角度的影响

目的：研究骨盆沿人体三维方向旋转对全髋关节置换术中髋臼假体实际安放角度的影响规律。方法：采集正常成人的骨盆CT影像学资料,采用电脑软件三维重建骨盆髋臼并模拟骨盆分别围绕与人体矢状面、横断面和冠状面垂直的X轴、Y轴和Z轴旋转时,以标准角度植入髋臼假体时测量臼杯的放射外展角（radiographic inclination,RI）和放射前倾角（radiographic anteversion,RA）。采用相关性分析量化各个轴向旋转角度与髋臼实际角度的关系。结果：骨盆沿X轴及Y轴旋转时对髋臼的RA影响较小,但对RI影响较大并呈线性相关,回归方程分别为RA=0.682 4X+10.256（r²=0.308 4）和RA=-0.714 1Y+10.424（r²=0.999 8）;骨盆沿Z轴旋转时对RA几乎无影响,但与RI呈线性相关,回归方程为RI=1.0Z+46（r²=1.0）。结论：骨盆的前后旋转或沿躯体的纵轴旋转均明显影响髋臼的前倾角,但对外展角影响较小;相反,骨盆在冠状面上的左右歪斜可明显影响髋臼的外展角,但不影响其前倾角。     

髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良的临床疗效.方法 2005年3月至2006年12月对34例(37髋)先天性髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术,其中Crowe Ⅰ型28例(31髋)、Crowe Ⅱ型6例(6髋).其中女性29例(32髋),男性5例(5髋),患者平均年龄45岁(26～57岁).患者在术后6周、3个月、1年,及此后每年1次进行随访,接受放射学及临床评价.术前患者Harris评分平均35分,髋关节屈曲101°,外展24°,内收15°,术前12例患者双下肢等长.结果 34例患者中,3例(3髋)患者术中改行全髋关节置换术.31例(34髋)行表面置换.31例表面置换患者平均随访时间21.4个月(12～33个月).患者术后最后一次随访平均为94分(82～100分),与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后髋关节屈曲改善至133°,外展48°,内收26°.术后23例患者双下肢等长.患者股骨及髋臼假体周围均未见透亮线,髋臼假体的平均外展角为43°(40°～53°),股骨假体柄干角平均为139°(130°～145°).结论 本组患者短期随访结果令人满意,良好的手术技术和手术适应证的严格掌握是先天性髋关节发育不良患者手术成功的关键.     

The effect of the orientation of the acetabular and femoral components on the range of motion of the hip at different head-neck ratios

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic impingement due to poor positioning can limit the range of motion of the hip after total hip arthroplasty. In this study, a computer model was used to determine the effects of the positions of the acetabular and femoral components and of varying head-neck ratios on impingement and range of motion. METHODS: A three-dimensional generic hip prosthesis with a hemispherical cup, a neck diameter of 12.25 millimeters, and a head size ranging from twenty-two to thirty-two millimeters was simulated on a computer. The maximum range of motion of the hip was measured, before the neck impinged on the liner of the cup, for acetabular abduction angles ranging from 35 to 55 degrees and acetabular and femoral anteversion ranging from 0 to 30 degrees. Stability of the hip was estimated as the maximum possible flexion coupled with 10 degrees of adduction and 10 degrees of internal rotation and also as the maximum possible extension coupled with 10 degrees of external rotation. The effects of prosthetic orientation on activities of daily living were analyzed as well. RESULTS: Acetabular abduction angles of less than 45 degrees decreased flexion and abduction of the hip, whereas higher angles decreased adduction and rotation. Femoral and acetabular anteversion increased flexion but decreased extension. Acetabular abduction angles of between 45 and 55 degrees permitted a better overall range of motion and stability when combined with appropriate acetabular and femoral anteversion. Lower head-neck ratios decreased the range of motion that was possible without prosthetic impingement. The addition of a modular sleeve that increased the diameter of the femoral neck by two millimeters decreased the range of motion by 1.5 to 8.5 degrees, depending on the direction of motion that was studied. CONCLUSIONS: There is a complex interplay between the angles of orientation of the femoral and acetabular components. Acetabular abduction angles between 45 and 55 degrees, when combined with appropriate acetabular and femoral anteversion, resulted in a maximum overall range of motion and stability with respect to prosthetic impingement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: During total hip arthroplasty, acetabular abduction is often constrained by available bone coverage, while femoral anteversion may be dictated by the geometry of the femoral shaft. For each combination of acetabular abduction and femoral anteversion, there is an optimum range of acetabular anteversion that allows the potential for a maximum range of motion without prosthetic impingement after total hip arthroplasty. These data can be used intraoperatively to determine optimum position.     

小切口与传统切口在全髋关节置换术中的早期临床疗效分析

【摘要】〓目的〓本文通过采用后外侧小切口和传统切口施行全髋关节置换术对比研究,探讨后外侧小切口全髋关节置换术的临床效果。方法〓选择我科2008年12月至2010年12月施行人工全髋关节置换术(THA)的80例患者并分成两组,每组40例患者,分别采用后外侧小切口和传统切口,对切口长度,术中的失血量,术后的伤口引流量,手术时间,髋臼外展角,髋臼前倾角,术后第1、3、6个月Harris评分进行比较。结果〓所有病人均获随访,平均随访12个月(6~24)。小切口组切口长度为6.8~10.3 cm,平均8.5 cm;传统切口组切口长度15.6~23.8 cm,平均18.2 cm;小切口组的术中失血、术后引流血量分别为163.8±15.6 mL,325.4±20.3 mL,传统切口组分别为283.5±13.5 mL,410.4±27.6 mL,两组均有差异(P<0.05);小切口组手术时间为89.4±14.2 min,传统切口组为123.5±10.3 min(两组比较,P<0.05);小切口组术后X线片髋臼外展角为43.8±8.5°,传统切口组为46.5±6.7°;小切口组前倾角为22.8±3.5°,传统切口组前倾角为23.5±2.9°,两组间有统计学差异。术后第1、3个月随访,小切口组的Harris评分为69.5±8.9、84.8±7.3分,传统切口组为58.7±6.6、75.4±10.4分,两组间有统计学差异;术后第6个月、12个月随访Harris评分在两组间无统计学差异。两组患者均无脑血管意外、股骨假体周围骨折、神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成、及下肢不等长等并发症。结论〓小切口全髋关节置换术减少了术中、术后的伤口出血及手术的暴露时间,有助于术后功能锻炼。     

个性化髋臼导板在单侧全髋关节成形术中应用的实验研究

目的探讨个性化髋臼导板在单侧全髋关节成形术(THA)中的应用。方法2018年11月至2020年4月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第920医院骨科选取人尸体髋标本20例(由昆明医科大学人体解剖学教研室提供)进行实验研究。每例标本右侧定义为导板侧,左侧定义为对照侧。经CT扫描后对每例标本髋关节行三维重建,计算并确定导板侧髋关节旋转中心(HJC)及旋转轴线,设计并制作与导板侧髋臼Harris窝表面形态一致的反向导板,辅助THA术中髋臼假体植入。测量术后导板侧髋臼假体与对照侧髋臼的外展角(β)、前倾角(α)、HJC与泪滴的垂直距离(H)和水平距离(W)并进行比较。采用Prism 6.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果个性化髋臼导板与髋臼Harris窝贴合紧密且稳定性好。髋臼导板辅助臼杯假体植入后与对照侧髋臼方位对称。导板侧与对照侧β角分别为(49.9±4.1)°和(49.5±4.7)°,α角分别为(17.7±3.1)°和(18.3±3.5)°,H值分别为(21.6±2.8)mm和(21.9±3.4)mm,W值分别为(29.7±3.1)mm和(30.90±3.31)mm,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论应用个性化髋臼导板可做为辅助单侧THA术中髋臼假体准确植入的有效手段。     

液晶数字显示角度仪在全髋关节置换术中的应用价值

目的:探讨在全髋关节置换术中使用液晶数字显示角度仪控制前倾角的应用价值。方法:回顾分析自2018年1月至2019年12月83例行初次全髋关节置换术的患者,其中男28例,女55例;年龄42~81(70.4±7.9)岁。股骨颈骨折63例,股骨头缺血性坏死20例。所有患者术中使用液晶数显角度仪控制髋臼杯假体的前倾角,术后采用CT扫描,测量髋臼杯的前倾角,两者进行比较,了解使用液晶数显角度仪的准确性。结果:术后CT测量提示患者的髋臼前倾角均位于Lewinnek提倡的安全区内,术中使用液晶数显角度仪测量髋臼杯的前倾角度中位数为14.20°(12.80~15.40)°,术后CT扫描测量的髋臼杯的前倾角中位数为14.20°(13.40~15.50)°,两者比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.725,P=0.085)。结论:应用液晶数显角仪器对术中控制髋臼杯的前倾角是一种准确可靠的方法,具有良好的辅助参考价值。     

Compliant positioning of total hip components for optimal range of motion.

Impingement between femoral neck and endoprosthetic cup is one of the causes for dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Choosing a correct combined orientation of both components, the acetabular cup and femoral stem, in manual or computer-assisted implantation will yield a maximized, stable range of motion (ROM) and will reduce the risk for dislocation. A mathematical model of a THA was developed to determine the optimal combination of cup inclination, cup anteversion, and stem antetorsion for maximizing ROM and minimizing the risk for cup-neck impingement. Single and combined hip joint motions were tested. A radiographic definition was used for component orientation. Additional parameters, such as stem-neck (CCD) angle, head-neck ratio, and the design of the acetabular opening, were also considered. The model showed that a maximized and safe ROM requires compliant, well-defined combinations of cup inclination, cup anteversion, and stem antetorsion depending on the intended ROM. Radiographic cup anteversion and stem antetorsion were linearly correlated. Additional internal rotation reduced flexion, and additional external rotation reduced extension, abduction and adduction. The articulating hemispheric surface of acetabular cups should be oriented between 40 degrees and 45 degrees of radiographic inclination, between 20 degrees and 28 degrees of radiographic cup anteversion, and should be combined with stem antetorsion so that the sum of cup anteversion plus 0.7 times the stem antetorsion equals 37 degrees. Final component orientation must also consider cup containment, implant impingement with bone and soft tissue, and preoperative skeletal contractures or deformities to achieve the optimal compromise for each patient.