Prime&Bond NT粘结剂对银汞合金充填微渗漏及密合度的影响

目的:探讨Prime&Bond NT粘结剂对银汞合金充填微渗漏及密合度的影响.方法:前磨牙120个,随机分为2组,分别进行微渗漏实验及密合度实验.每组中又分为空白对照组、EDTA组和实验组.每个样本的中央制备深3 mm、直径2 mm的窝洞,空白对照组进行常规银汞合金充填;EDTA组使用10%EDTA处理窝洞后充填银汞合金;实验组在EDTA组的处理基础上采用Prime&Bond NT粘结剂进行粘结性充填,分别采用染料渗入法及扫描电镜进行微渗漏及密合度观察.结果:实验组的微渗漏率及洞壁与充填体间的间隙明显小于EDTA组(P<0.01);EDTA组又小于空白对照组(P<0.05).结论:Prime&Bond NT粘结剂能增加洞壁与银汞合金充填体间的密合度,减少微渗漏.     

树脂粘结剂对银汞合金充填微渗漏的影响

目的 研究树脂粘结技术对银汞合金充填时微渗漏的影响。方法 以银汞合金充填作对照,对应用粘结剂后再完成的银汞合金充填进行了微渗漏试验和扫描电镜观察。结果 用粘结剂组粘结剂与窝洞壁,粘结剂与银汞合金均有良好的粘结。对照组合金钱怀沿壁间可见明显间隙。结论应用树脂粘结剂可增加充填体与洞壁密合度,明显减少银汞合金充填微渗漏。     

喷砂制洞和复合树脂充填对邻牙合面洞细菌微渗漏影响的实验研究

目的通过离体牙细菌微渗漏实验,评估喷砂制洞、5种树脂类材料和银汞合金充填对邻牙合面洞边缘封闭质量的影响.方法将48个完整无龋的离体前磨牙及第三磨牙随机分为两个实验组,第一组采用常规涡轮机裂钻制备窝洞,第二组采用喷砂制洞.所有实验样本制备邻牙合面洞模型,近中牙合面洞的颈缘位于釉质区,远中牙合面洞的颈缘位于根部牙骨质区.用树脂材料充填窝洞,在37℃厌氧环境下浸泡于细菌悬液中20 h.然后通过组织学检查评估细菌渗漏情况.结果所有实验组与对照组银汞合金之间存在显著差异(P<0.01).CLEARFIL AP-X/SE BOND的边缘封闭质量与DURAFILL VS、P-50的差异最显著(P<0.01);喷砂制洞与传统切割制洞对于细菌渗漏情况的影响无明显差异(P>0.05);近(远)中壁微渗漏较颈壁严重(P<0.05).结论树脂材料比银汞合金具有更好的边缘封闭效果,更适合于后牙的充填修复;喷砂技术用于窝洞处理不能减少细菌的微渗漏.     

银汞合金充填应用树脂粘结剂的作用研究

目的：研究银汞合金充填时应用树脂粘结剂的作用。方法：进行染料渗透试验和扫描电镜观察。结果：使用粘结剂组染料渗漏的例数少、程度轻，差异性非常显著；扫描电镜可见粘结剂与洞壁和银汞合金均有较好粘结，密合度好。结论：银汞合金充填应用树脂粘结剂可以明显减少微渗漏和增加洞壁密合度。     

四种常用牙本质粘结剂的边缘封闭性比较

目的对比研究四种临床常用牙本质粘结剂的边缘封闭性能.方法在20个离体人恒磨牙颊、舌侧牙颈部各制备3 mm×2 mm×2 mm的箱型V类洞.制备的窝洞随机分为4组,分别以全酸蚀粘结剂Prime&BondNT和Single Bond,自酸蚀粘结剂Adper Prompt和Clearfil SE Bond粘结,Charisma复合树脂充填.0.5%碱性品红溶液中染色24 h后,将充填体连续纵向剖开为四部分,体视显微镜下观察各剖面充填体边缘的微渗漏情况,并以扫描电镜观察树脂-牙本质界面的结合状态.结果各种粘结剂均存在微渗漏现象,龈方微漏程度显著高于冠方(P＜0.05).各种粘结剂之间的微漏程度无显著性差异(P＞0.05).电镜下各组界面均存在散在间隙,全酸蚀粘结剂形成的混合层较自酸蚀者厚,树脂突亦较长.结论多剖面评分法较常规正中剖面法能更全面地评价界面的微漏情况;各种粘结剂均不能完全消除充填体边缘微漏.     

"一滴棒"用于银汞合金粘结效果的扫描电镜研究

目的:观察“一滴棒”用做银汞合金粘结剂来处理窝洞壁,对银汞合金充填体与牙体粘结的影响。方法:采用因正畸需要拔除的健康人新鲜恒前磨牙,按要求制成牙本质洞。实验组:“一滴棒”粘结材料处理窝洞壁后(其中A组用压缩空气吹干-干粘结法,B组用脱脂棉球擦干-湿粘结法),均在粘结材料未凝固前立即充填新鲜调制的银汞合金;对照组:窝洞壁未作特殊处理,直接银汞合金充填。扫描电镜观察银汞合金充填体-“一滴棒”粘结材料-牙体界面的形态,并测量充填体边缘缝隙宽度和粘结剂厚度。结果:实验组充填体边缘缝隙平均宽度(A组4.82μm,B组为0)显著小于对照组(11.33μm)(P<0.05),2实验组间粘结剂平均厚度无明显差异(A组62.66μm,B组59.54μm)(P>0.05)。结论:“一滴棒”粘结材料用于银汞合金粘结可显著改善银汞合金充填体边缘密合性,干粘结和湿粘结法对粘结剂厚度无明显影响。     

不同窝洞处理剂对银汞合金充填微渗漏的影响

目的：探讨减少银汞合金充填后边缘微渗漏的有效方法。方法：选择无龋的离体磨牙４８个，随机分为４组，每个牙分别制面洞、颊面颈１／３洞。比较几种窝洞洞壁处理后对微渗漏的影响。结果：银汞合金充填１个月后，１０％ＥＤＴＡ处理窝洞组、１０％ＥＤＴＡ加护洞漆组与空白组之间的边缘微渗漏无明显差异，而含３％ＦｅＣｌ３的１０％枸橼酸（１０－３液）处理加银汞合金粘结剂组则明显减少微渗漏。结论：离体牙实验证明银汞合金粘结修复可明显减少银汞合金充填术后的微渗漏     

四种窝洞清洁剂对高铜银汞合金充填密合度的影响

为研究清洁剂处理窝洞对高铜银汞合金充填密合度的影响，测量和比较了用与不用窝洞清洁剂处理，以及用不同的窝洞清洁剂处理对牙体硬组织与充填材料间微泄漏，结果发现微泄漏的程度由大到小依次为：１０％构橡酸（含３％三氯化铁液，简称１０－３液）、２０％草酸钾液、１０％ＥＤＴＡ液、２５％鞣酸液。其中２５％鞣酸、１０％ＥＤＴＡ、２０％草酸钾的微泄漏显著小于空白对照组和１０－３液组。表明充填前采用合适的清洁剂处理，能提高高铜银汞合金充填的密合度。提示２５％鞣酸、１０％ＥＤＴＡ液为良好的窝洞清洁剂。     

关于粘接银汞合金和复合树脂联合充填的研究:2.牙颈部单面洞的洞壁适合性

作者在前述研究的基础上,对银汞合金和复合树脂充填的洞壁适合性进行了研究。在24个离体人牙上制备了60个牙颈部单面盘形洞,并随机分成以下3个实验组进行充填。1组;用Panavia树脂粘接剂涂布洞壁和银汞合金充填;2组:用Claer-fil New Bond粘接剂涂布洞壁和复合树脂Photopo-sterior充填;3组:用Panavia树脂粘接剂涂布洞壁和用银汞合金充填至低于洞缘1mm处,1小时后,涂Clearfil New Bond粘接剂和用复合树脂Photopo-sterior充填。每组20牙,其中半数酸蚀全部洞壁,另半数仅酸蚀牙釉质壁.将所有受试牙置37℃水中6     

BISCO复合材料与银汞合金的粘结——扫描电镜观察

目的为了观察BISCO复合材料处理窝洞壁对银汞合金充填体边缘密合性的影响方法采用健康人下颌智齿按一定要求制成牙本质洞实验组BISCO复合材料处理洞壁后在其未凝固之前立即充填银汞合金对照组洞壁未作特殊处理直接银充扫描电镜SEM观察充填体-BISCO复合材料-牙体界面形态并测量充填体边缘缝隙宽度结果实验组充填体边缘缝隙宽度明显小于对照组p<0.01结论BISCO复合材料与银汞合金间结合紧密可以改善充填体边缘密合性。     

Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle. Report of a case and review of the literature

Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) is a rare tumour in the region of the mandibular condyle. Much confusion seems to exist in the literature in differentiating these tumours from condylar chondromas as well as from condylar hyperplasias. A case of condylar osteochondroma with a review of the literature is presented.     

Protocol for the management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a severely deforming, disabling condition as a result of craniomandibular fusion caused mainly by condylar fractures with displacement of the meniscus. Ankylosis may be fibrous, fibro-osseous, or bony, and unilateral or bilateral. The severity of the deformity is based on the onset, duration, and type of ankylosis. Various surgical techniques have been described for treatment, but no single treatment is recommended because of inconsistent results and the high rate of failure. While our total experience extends to 300 cases, we have developed a protocol using the most recent 193 patients to address our earlier high failure rate. The onset was during childhood in 168 patients, and 25 were adults. We describe the protocol that we developed for these two groups. Our management included gap arthroplasty, costochondral grafting, temporalis flaps, ramus osteotomies, and transport distraction.     

转化生长因子-β诱导骨髓基质细胞团体外形成软骨的观察

目的　观察骨髓基质细胞(MSCs)在TGF-β诱导下形成软骨的能力,以探讨其作为软骨组织工程种子细胞的可能性。方法　体外分离、培养、扩增兔MSCs,消化后移入离心管中,离心使之成为细胞团,每个细胞团含1×106个MSCs,将细胞团暴露于含20 ng/ml TGF-β的培养液中7 d,然后进行连续培养,观察细胞团的变化,于培养的14 d、28 d取出细胞团,通过体视显微镜、光镜、透射电镜观察软骨的形成情况。结果　TGF-β作用后约14 d,细胞团出现收缩,在离心管底部呈圆球状,以后逐渐增大,28 d后直径最大可达1·8 mm,表面光滑,为亮白色;HE染色显示14 d可见大量活细胞,并有细胞外基质形成,某些局部可见细胞位于陷窝内,28 d可见较多细胞位于陷窝中; 透射电镜观察显示细胞周围有大量胶原基质形成。结论　MSCs在TGF-β作用下可以形成软骨团块,表明其可以向软骨细胞定向分化,能够作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞。     

Variations in bone mass within the cortices of the mandible

abstract – A study of intermandibular variations in bone mass in cortices between regions of the alveolar process and mandibular body and between buccal and lingual cortices in the same region has been carried out. The material consisted of 24 autopsy specimens of half mandibles from normal subjects. Microradiograms of ground sections from incisor, premolar, and molar regions were used. Quantitation of bone mass in percent within the cortices was done by an electronic point-counting system. The analysis indicates that bone mass may lie on nearly the same level all over in the entire lingual cortex. In buccal cortex, bone mass may vary from region to region, as a fall in bone mass from incisor to premolar to molar region in the buccal alveolar cortex, and a rise in bone mass from premolar to molar region in the mandibular body may occur. Bone mass in buccal incisor cortex of mandibular bodies shows great individual variations. Generally, bone mass may lie on a lower level in the buccal than in the lingual incisor and premolar cortex of the mandibular. body while bone mass elsewhere lies on nearly the same level in the same part of the two cortices. Bone biopsies should be taken in either the premolar or the molar region of mandibular bodies.     

成人前牙深覆(牙合)深覆盖的正畸修复联合治疗

目的：探讨正畸联合烤瓷固定修复治疗成人前牙深覆耠深覆盖的临床效果。方法：对前牙深覆[牙合]深覆盖成人患者,采用固定矫治技术整平下颌牙弓,解除深覆[牙合],为上前牙内收获得有效间隙后,行上前牙的改向烤瓷固定修复。结果：治疗后上前牙平均内收5.0mm,下颌spee氏曲线降低1.5mm-2.0mm,患者的面部侧貌得到改善,牙列形态与咬合恢复满意,咀嚼功能良好,随访6～20个月无复发。结论：对前牙深覆[牙合]深覆盖的成人患者采用正畸：联合固定修复进行治疗,既可有效的改善患者的咀嚼功能与美观,又可使下颌牙的牙体组织得以保存,达到更好的口腔修复效果。     

How the diversity of the faces arises

BackgroundThe evolution of the face is crucial for each species to adapt to different diets, environments, and in some species, to promote social interaction. The diversity in the shapes of the face results from divergence in the process of facial development that begins during early embryonic development.HighlightsHere we review the recent advancements in the understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and cellular basis of facial diversity. We also review the robustness of facial development and how it relates to the evolution of the face. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in achieving a deeper understanding of facial diversity.ConclusionWe have gained much knowledge with respect to cis-regulatory elements, gene expression, cellular behavior, and the physical forces in facial development in the past two decades. Significant interdisciplinary work is needed to integrate these varied pieces of information into a complete picture of how the diversity of faces arises.     

Congenital double upper lip: A case report and review of the literature

Congenital double lip is a rare developmental anomaly which usually involves the upper lip more than the lower lip. It may occur in isolation or as a part of Ascher’s syndrome. Sometimes upper and lower double lips occur simultaneously.The occurrence of double lip may result in facial deformity especially when the patient attempts to talk, smile or even show the teeth. It may also interfere with speech or mastication. Although surgery may be undertaken to facilitate speech and mastication, the majority of cases are operated for cosmetic reasons.A case of congenital double upper lip, which was surgically treated after orthodontic treatment, for cosmetic reasons, is reported. The different surgical approaches to the management of double upper lip are reviewed with a note on timing of surgery in patients who have concurrent orthodontic or prosthodontic problems.Although the majority of cases of double lip are treated by Plastic Surgeons and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, it is important to make dentists aware of this condition since they may be the first clinicians to encounter patients with this abnormality.     

Involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the parasympathetic vasodilatation of the rat masseter muscle

The parasympathetic vasodilatory fibres are known to innervate vessels in a rat masseter muscle via both cholinergic and non-cholinergic mechanisms. However, the non-cholinergic mechanisms are still unclear. Recently, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was convincingly shown to be involved in the parasympathetic vasodilatation in orofacial areas, such as submandibular glands and lower lip. However, very little is known about the rat masseter muscle. The present study was designed in the rat masseter muscle to assess (1) whether the parasympathetic nerve innervating vessels have VIP immunoreactivities, (2) whether intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation, and (3) effects of selective VIP receptor antagonist ([4Cl-d-Phe⁶, Leu¹⁷] VIP) in the presence or absence of atropine on the parasympathetic vasodilatation. The VIP immunoreactivities were found at two sites of the parasympathetic otic ganglion and nerve fibres located around vessels. The intravenous administration of VIP induced the vasodilatation, and [4Cl-d-Phe⁶, Leu¹⁷] VIP markedly decreased the vasodilatation evoked by VIP administration. The parasympathetic vasodilatation was not inhibited by [4Cl-d-Phe⁶, Leu¹⁷] VIP. However, treatment with [4Cl-d-Phe⁶, Leu¹⁷] VIP markedly decreased the parasympathetic vasodilatation when [4Cl-d-Phe⁶, Leu¹⁷] VIP was administered together with atropine. These results suggest that (1) VIP exists in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve innervating the vessels in the masseter muscle, (2) the intravenous administration of VIP induces the vasodilatation in the masseter muscle, and (3) VIP may be involved in the parasympathetic vasodilatation in the masseter muscle when muscarinic cholinergic receptors are deactivated by either atropine or the suppression of the ACh release.