幕上肿瘤切除术患者手术失血量相关危险因素分析：一项回顾性队列研究

目的:探究幕上肿瘤切除手术患者术中失血的相关危险因素。方法:本研究为单中心回顾性队列研究,收集310例2018年7月至2019年6月择期行幕上肿瘤切除术患者的临床资料（最终纳入203例）,根据术中出血量是否大于500 ml将患者分为两组,即出血量>500 ml组（42例）和出血量≤500 ml组（161例）,分析两组患...     

Gender and age differences in blood utilization and length of stay in radical cystectomy: a population-based study

Objective  Radical cystectomy is a major surgical procedure associated with significant blood loss and lengthy hospital stays. This surgical procedure is more challenging in women than men due to anatomical-based differences. We evaluated resource utilization and complication rates of patients undergoing radical cystectomy or exenteration using the Texas Hospital In-Patient Discharge Data Collection. Methods  This was a retrospective study of 1,493 patients, 35 years of age or older, who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer from January 2000 to December 2003. We evaluated blood product charges, length of stay, and complication rates during hospitalization. Results  In this sample, 24% of the patients (n = 356) were women. Overall, women had significantly increased blood product charges and length of stay compared to men, $1,392.87 vs. $718.21 (P < 0.001) and 12.72 vs. 11.64 (P = 0.03), respectively. During hospitalization, 26 of the patients died. No differences in mortality or complication rates were observed between men and women. Multivariate analysis showed that female sex (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.003) were independent predictors of increased blood product charges. Multivariate analysis showed that female sex (P = 0.015), age (P = 0.003), and Charlson’s comorbidity index >1 (P = 0.05) were predictors of longer length of stay. Conclusion  Women and older patients with bladder cancer are at risk of increased blood products utilization and length of hospital stay after a radical cystectomy. Appropriate postoperative care and referrals should improve postoperative outcomes for these vulnerable patients.     

老年经皮椎体成形术围手术期隐性失血及其影响因素分析

目的 分析老年患者经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)围手术期隐性失血(HBL)情况及其相关影响因素.方法 回顾性选取2018年9月至2018年12月间扬州大学临床医学院收治的91例应用PVP治疗的OVCF老年患者.记录以下信息:身高、体重、症状持续时间、既往病史等基本信息;入院后即刻、术后...     

Preoperative administration of chlormadinone acetate reduces blood loss associated with transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized study

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of giving chlormadinone acetate (CMA) before surgery on blood loss associated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), in a prospective randomized controlled study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Candidates for TURP among patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomized to either treatment with CMA (CMA+) or not (CMA-). In principle, CMA was started at least 28 days before TURP and continued until just before surgery. RESULTS: In all, 33 patients in the CMA+ (median duration of treatment 34.5 days) and 38 in the CMA- group were evaluable. The mean blood loss during TURP was less in the CMA+ (237.3 mL) than in the CMA- group (263.1 mL), but the difference was not significant. There was significantly less blood loss per gram of resected prostate tissue in the CMA+ (9.6 mL/g) than in the CMA- group (13.3 mL/g) (P < 0.05). Haematuria on the day of and the day after TURP was also significantly less severe in the CMA+ than in the CMA- group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The mean microvessel density of resected prostate tissue was significantly less after CMA treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CMA given for 1 month before TURP could reduce blood loss to some extent during and after TURP, and this may be related to a decrease in microvessel density.     

Effect of the timing of tourniquet release on perioperative blood loss associated with cementless total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study

The control of perioperative blood loss is a major concern in cementless knee arthroplasty surgery. We randomized retrospectively 55 patients (60 knees in total) who had undergone cementless total knee arthroplasty and determined the efficacy of tourniquet release either "before" (30 knees) or "after" (30 knees) wound closure. Measurements of total blood loss showed significant differences between the groups ("Before" group, 906 +/- 238 mL; "After" group, 731 +/- 332 mL; P = .0225). The levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit recovered to the preoperative levels by 3 months after surgery in both groups. In summary, we recommend that the tourniquet be released after wound closure and that a compressive dressing be applied with the aim of limiting or reducing perioperative blood loss without significant effects of the transfer requirement in the 2 groups, provided that tourniquet time is kept below 60 minutes to avoid ill effects of the tourniquet.     

Decreasing blood loss in patients treated with radical cystectomy: a prospective randomizes trial using a new stapling device

PURPOSE: Radical cystectomy has been associated with significant blood loss and the need for heterologous transfusion. We investigated the potential decrease in blood loss and/or in transfusion requirement using a new stapling device compared with the traditional suture ligation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively examined 70 patients with urothelial carcinoma who were scheduled for radical cystectomy. Each patient was randomized to traditional suture ligation or the Compact Flex Articulating Linear Cutter (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, Ohio) stapling device. The 2 groups were prospectively compared with respect to estimated blood loss, transfusion requirement, operative time and complications. RESULTS: The groups were equivalent in terms of demographic and clinical variables, indicating that randomization produced 2 comparable groups. The stapler group had significantly lower estimated blood loss during cystectomy (p = 0.007) and during the whole procedure (p = 0.02). This group also required fewer transfusions (p = 0.006) and fewer mean units transfused (p = 0.003). The overall transfusion rate was 20% (14 of 70 cases). All patients in the stapler group had lower estimated blood loss and transfusion requirements. There was no statistical difference in time needed for bladder removal (p = 0.91) or total operative time (p = 0.17). No complications were attributable to the stapler device. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective randomized study the stapling device significantly decreased blood loss and the transfusion requirement during radical cystectomy. These significant advantages combined with its relative safety make it an attractive surgical option and argue in favor of continued strategic attempts to decrease blood loss during radical cystectomy.     

PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折过程中隐性失血及其危险因素分析

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）治疗过程中出现隐性失血（hidden blood loss,HBL）的影响因素。方法：对2016年3月至2017年12月接受经皮椎体成形术治疗的125例（男55例,女70例）骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的（osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs）临床资料进行回顾性分析。术前均行腰椎正侧位、双斜位及动力位X线片,腰椎CT、MRI及双能X射线骨密度仪（DXA）检查明确诊断。其中胸椎10例,胸腰椎89例,腰椎26例。单节段87例,双节段29例,3节段9例。67例患者椎体压缩高度比例<1/3,41例在1/3~2/3,17例>2/3。术前与术后3 d行血常规检查,分析HBL情况并探索其危险因素。结果：125例患者隐性失血为（317±156）ml。经过多重线性回归分析发现糖尿病病史（P=0.011）、手术节段（P=0.036）、节段数量（P<0.001）、椎体高度丢失率（P=0.002）、椎体高度恢复率（P<0.001）和骨水泥渗漏率（P=0.003）与隐性失血呈正相关。同时,发现椎体高度丢失率高者失血量较椎体高度丢失率低者多,椎体高度恢复良好者失血量较椎体高度恢复不良者多,水泥泄漏也是增加隐性失血的重要因素。然而,骨密度（P=0.814）,高血压病史（P=0.055）与隐性失血无显著相关性。结论：OVCFs患者经过PVP治疗后隐性失血量较大,需要引起关注;同时糖尿病病史、手术节段、节段数量、骨水泥渗漏率、椎体高度丢失率和椎体高度恢复率是增加隐性失血量的危险因素。     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人经皮椎体后凸成形术后隐性失血情况及其影响因素

目的 观察骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, OVCFs）病人行经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty, PKP）的隐性失血情况,并分析其影响因素。方法 选取2016年9月至2018年5月行PKP手术的100例OVCFs病人进行回顾性分析。根据病人的身高、体重、术前和术后红细胞比容（Hct）、血红蛋白水平计算失血量。收集病人的性别、年龄、身体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）、椎体高度压缩率、椎体高度恢复率、骨折节段数、骨密度、骨水泥渗漏、高血压、糖尿病、手术时间,并分析其与隐性失血量的相关性。结果 本组病人PKP术后的隐性失血量为（293±101） ml,术后血红蛋白丢失量是（8.1±3.5） g/L。单因素分析结果显示手术时间、手术节段、椎体高度恢复率、椎体高度压缩率、骨水泥渗漏、骨密度T值、合并高血压是影响隐性失血量的相关因素。多元线性回归分析结果显示,手术节段数（P=0.008）、椎体高度压缩率（P=0.005）、椎体高度恢复率（P=0.016）、骨水泥渗透（P=0.038）与隐性失血量呈正相关性。结论 PKP术前,应重点关注手术节段数多、椎体高度压缩率高的病人,提高手术评估能力,保障病人的临床安全。     

Pre-operative factors associated with increased mortality in elderly patients with a hip fracture: A cohort study in a developing country

BackgroundHip fractures are a public health problem worldwide, and several factors are involved with post-operative mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the pre-operative factors associated with increased mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures in a developing country during the first post-operative year.MethodsAn ambidirectional cohort study was conducted with patients ≥ 65 years of age who underwent hip surgery due to a hip fracture caused by a fall from a standing position. Socio-demographic data, time to surgery, and comorbidities measured by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were recorded. One-year mortality from all causes was the primary outcome, and 30-day and 6-month mortality were the secondary outcomes. Log-rank test was used to evaluate survival, and Cox’s proportional hazard regression was used to detect the factors associated with increased mortality.Results478 patients who underwent hip surgery were included in this study. The mean age was 80.2 ± 9.9, and 297 (62%) were females. There were 150 (31.4%) deaths at the end of the first follow-up year, and the mean of surgical delay was 8.8 days ± 6.4. Patients who underwent surgery during the first 4 days (Log-rank test < 0.001) after hip fracture occurred and patients with a CCI ≤ 2 (Log-rank test < 0.001) showed better survival (90%), comparing to mortality (52%) of patients with a CCI ≥ 3 and surgical delay > 4 days. The age ≥ 80 years (Hazard ratio 2.55 (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70 to 3.84, p < 0.001), CCI ≥ 3 (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14–2.26, p 0.006), surgical delay > 4 days (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.38–4.21, p 0.006), and haemoglobin < 10 g/dl (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.06–2.15, p 0.02) were associated with increased 1-year mortality. In addition, 30-day mortality was associated with age ≥ 80 years (HR 4.15, 95% CI 1.98–8.70, p < 0.001), CCI ≥ 3 (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.08–2.99, p 0.023), pre-surgical time >48 h (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.58–5.92, p 0.001), and surgical delay > 4 days (HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.33–6.81, p 0.008); and 6-month mortality was associated with surgical delay > 4 days (HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.42–5.23, p 0.003), and haemoglobin < 10 g/dl (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.33, p < 0.028).ConclusionsSurgical delay greater than 4 days and Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 3 were found as factors associated with increased mortality, along with anaemia < 10 g/dl and age ≥ 80 years. A similar mortality rate was found in this study compared to the rates reported by the literature, despite a surgical delay of 8.8 days.     

创伤骨科住院患者手术部位感染的流行病学特点及相关危险因素分析：单中心回顾性研究

目的调查本院创伤骨科手术部位感染（surgical site infection,SSI）患者的发病情况,并分析感染原因,为预防和控制SSI提供依据。 方法选取本院自2015年1月至2019年12月期间创伤骨科所有住院手术患者为研究对象,共计10 645例患者,依据卫生部2001年颁布的《医院感染诊断标准（试行）》进行医院感染病例诊断,并根据临床科室上报的医院感染资料信息进行病历筛选和回顾性分析。 结果10 645例创伤骨科手术患者中,31例患者发生SSI,感染发生率为0.29%。2016年至2019年感染发生率呈逐年下降趋势。感染的主要病原菌为G（+）球菌,占87.50%。感染类型主要是器官（或腔隙）感染,占61.29%。患者年龄、体重指数、手术时间、手术方式、手术部位与骨科手术患者SSI的发生有相关性（P<0.05）。 结论创伤骨科手术患者SSI是临床上不可回避的问题,应重视相关危险因素,积极采取有针对性的预防控制措施改善可变因素,以有效降低骨科手术患者SSI的发生。     

腹膜后脂肪肉瘤外科治疗及其术后复发的多因素分析

目的:探讨腹膜后脂肪肉瘤(RPLS)的诊疗经验,并寻找影响RPLS术后复发的因素。方法:收集并回顾性分析84例RPLS病人临床病理特征、外科处理方法及影响术后复发的因素。结果:84例病人共行手术110例次,肿瘤完全切除72例次(65.5%),联合周围脏器切除66例次(60.0%)。术后总复发率64.3%,中位复发时间10个月。多因素分析显示RPLS分化程度和肉眼完全切除是影响术后复发的独立因素。联合脏器切除组与单纯肿瘤切除组的肉眼完全切除率分别为72.7%、54.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:RPLS术后复发率高,肿瘤分化程度和肉眼完全切除是影响RPLS术后复发时间的独立因素。联合周围脏器的肿瘤切除可明显提高肿瘤的完全切除率。     

Factors associated with blood loss and blood product transfusions: a multivariate analysis in children after open-heart surgery.

In this prospective cohort study of 548 children undergoing open-heart surgery, we evaluated demographic and perioperative factors to identify variables associated with perioperative blood loss and blood product transfusions. Using multivariate analysis, younger patient age was found to be the variable most significantly associated with bleeding and transfusions. Higher preoperative hematocrit, complex surgery, lower platelet count during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and longer duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were also significantly associated with bleeding and transfusion. Excessive postoperative chest tube (CT) drainage was associated with intraoperative bleeding. Independently associated variables accounted for 76% of the variability in CT output measured after 2 h in intensive care. Patients were subdivided into children aged < or =1 yr (infants) and children >1 yr; infants bled more intraoperatively (P<0.005); had greater cumulative CT output at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h (P<0.0001); and received more blood products (P<0.0001). Factors associated with bleeding and transfusions varied with patient age. Lower body core temperature during CPB was highly associated with blood loss and transfusions in infants, whereas resternotomy, preoperative congestive heart failure, and prolonged duration of CPB were significant factors associated with bleeding and transfusions in children >1 yr old. IMPLICATIONS: Knowledge of the factors associated with blood loss and blood product transfusions can help to identify children at risk of excessive bleeding after open-heart surgery.     

The stratification of cardiac surgical procedures according to use of blood products: a retrospective analysis of 1480 cases

The use of blood products in 1480 consecutive cases of adult cardiac surgical procedures over a period of 15 mth was studied retrospectively using the database of the Department of Anaesthesia of the Institut de Cardiologie de Montreal. Use of blood products was compared in patients having (1) coronary artery bypass grafting, (2) valvular surgery, (3) or a combination of 1 and 2. First operations were compared with reoperations. Overall, the use of homologous blood products was greatest in patients of Group 3, intermediate in patients of Group 2, and smallest in patients of Group I. Reoperations were associated with an increase in inlraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells, but postoperative chest drainage was similar to first operations. When all blood products (packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma and platelets were taken into consideration, patients undergoing primary CABG or valve surgery were the least exposed to homologous blood donors (five and six units transfused respectively). Repeat CABG was associated with an intermediate exposure to homologous blood products (eight units). Finally, primary and repeat combined procedures, and repeat valve surgery were associated with the greatest exposure to foreign blood products (10, 13 and 10 units respectively). The data presented in this study provide a rational basis for stratification of procedures according to the expected use of blood products, particularly in view of future studies which may be planned to examine the efficiency of blood conservation strategies. Cette étude rétrospective rapporte l’utilisation des produits sanguins en chirurgie cardiaque de l’adulte à l’Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal chez 1480 patients opérés sous circulation extracorporelle entre novembre 1988 et avril 1990. Les patients out été regroupés selon l’intervention subie: 1) la revascularisation myocardique, 2) la chirurgie valvulaire, 3) une combinaison de 1 et de 2. Nous avons égalemenl comparé les interventions de premiere intention avec les réinterventions. A u total, les besoins en produits sanguins homologues out été les plus considérables chez les patients du groupe 3, intermédiaires chez les patients du groupe 2, et les plus faibles chez les patients du groupe I. Les réinterventions out été associées à une augmentation des transfusions de culots globulaires durant la chirurgie, mais non à des pertes sanguines postopératoires accrues. Lorsque tous les produits sanguins sont pris en consideration (culots globulaires, plasma, plaquettes), l’exposition (en nombre dunités) aux produits sanguins homologues était la plus faible chez les patients subissant une premiere chirurgie de revascularisation (cinq unités) on une chirurgie valvulaire de premiere intention (six unités). Dans la réintervention pour revascularisation myocardique Vexposition était intermédiaire (huit unités), alors qu’elle était la plus forte dans la chirurgie combinée, qu’elle soit primaire ou de réintervention (10 ou 13 unités). Les données présentées dans cette étude permettent de stratifier les chirurgies en fonction des besoins transfusionnels prévus et devraient nous guider dans la gestion des technologies visant à diminuer les pertes sanguines el l’exposition aux produits sanguins homologues en chirurgie cardiaque de l’adulte.     

PHILOS钢板和Multiloc髓内钉治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的显性失血和隐性失血分析

目的分析PHILOS钢板和Multiloc髓内钉治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的显性失血和隐性失血的临床特点。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月分别采用PHILOS钢板治疗（45例）和Multiloc髓内钉治疗（37例）的老年肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料,比较手术时间、显性失血量和隐性失血量,对患者围手术期失血情况进行评估和分析。 结果PHILOS钢板组平均手术时间（141.78±36.18）min,总失血量674.68（592.87,979.65）ml,显性失血量320.00（220.00,430.00）ml;Multiloc髓内钉组平均手术时间（102.70±22.10）min,总失血量589.23（430.80,714.82）ml,显性失血量100.00（100.00,125.00）ml,两组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组围手术期隐性失血量为383.55（253.17,575.48）ml和460.98（309.87,610.25）ml,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,分别占总失血量56.85%和78.23%。 结论与PHILOS钢板比较,Multiloc髓内钉内固定治疗此类骨折患者的平均手术时间短,总失血量和显性失血量少。两种内固定治疗方式的隐性失血量无明显差异,但隐性失血量在总失血量中所占比重较大,临床上应该时刻重视,积极干预,改善患者预后。     

Obstruction of peritoneal dialysis catheter is associated with catheter type and independent of omentectomy: A comparative data analysis from a transplant surgical and a pediatric surgical department

Background

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter occlusion is a common complication with up to 36% of catheter obstructions described in the literature. We present a comparison of complications and outcome after implantation of PD catheters in a transplant surgical and a pediatric surgical department.