升主动脉-降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术在复杂主动脉缩窄中的应用5例

目的探讨正中开胸行升主动脉-降动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗复杂主动脉缩窄的手术细节。方法 5例复杂型主动脉缩窄患者正中开胸行升主动脉-降主动脉旁路手术,其中4例行膈肌上吻合(其中1例经左心缘路径,3例经右心缘路径),1例行膈肌下吻合。分别观察术后上下肢压差及并发症情况。结果 5例患者均无死亡,术后上下肢压差均降低至20 mmHg以下,恢复可,术后并发症包括咳嗽1例及黑朦2例。结论正中开胸行升主动脉-降动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄效果可,但手术细节对术后并发症的影响仍需进一步研究。     

升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形的临床分析

目的探讨经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形的技术要点。方法 2010年4月至2015年1月2例成人主动脉缩窄和1例成人主动脉弓中断合并心脏畸形患者行手术治疗,其中男2例,女1例;年龄35.6(27~46)岁。患者的疾病包括先天性主动脉弓缩窄、二尖瓣前叶脱垂伴中度关闭不全1例,先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形伴主动脉瓣重度关闭不全、升主动脉瘤及主动脉弓缩窄1例,先天性主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形伴主动脉瓣轻度狭窄、房间隔缺损(继发孔)及主动脉弓中断(A型)1例。患者均在升主动脉及股动脉,上下腔静脉插管建立体外循环,经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术及合并心脏畸形矫治手术。结果本组无围术期死亡病例,术后患者症状明显好转,出院随访2~59个月,除1例患者仍有上肢高血压需服用药物控制外,其他患者血压恢复到正常水平,术后下肢乏力症状消失。主动脉CTA检查示人工血管通畅,无人工血管扭曲压缩及假性动脉瘤形成等并发症。结论经正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内旁路术治疗成人主动脉缩窄及主动脉弓中断,同时行合并心脏畸形矫治的一期手术,患者手术安全及疗效确切,临床可选择性应用。     

一期手术治疗主动脉缩窄合并升主动脉瘤一例

主动脉缩窄是最常见的先天性心脏病之一。但主动脉缩窄合并升主动脉瘤及主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形则少见报道。我院1999年 4月收治 1例主动脉缩窄合并升主动脉瘤及主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形患者 ,手术一期施行 Bentalls手术 主动脉缩窄切除 升主动脉 -降主动脉人工血管重建术 ,效果良好。1　临床资料与方法患者　男 ,2 2岁。因患上呼吸道感染 2周在外院检查 ,发现心脏杂音 ;心脏超声心动图示 :升主动脉瘤 ,转我院。入院体检发现股动脉搏动较弱 ,上肢血压明显高于下肢 ,左上肢170 / 45 mm Hg(1k Pa=7.5 mm Hg)、右上肢 16 0 / 5 0 mm Hg、左下肢 110 …     

正中切口解剖外旁路移植术一期治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形

目的总结正中切口解剖外旁路移植术一期治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形的外科治疗经验,以提高手术疗效。方法1997年7月至2008年7月,采用正中切口解剖外旁路移植术一期治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形31例,其中男20例,女11例;年龄31．9±11．7岁。合并的心脏畸形包括：主动脉瓣狭窄或关闭不全22例,二尖瓣狭窄或关闭不全9例,动脉导管未闭5例,升主动脉瘤4例,室间隔缺损3例,冠心病2例。解剖外旁路移植术包括升主动脉-腹主动脉旁路移植术22例,升主动脉-心包后降主动脉旁路移植术9例。同期手术包括主动脉瓣置换术16例,主动脉根部置换术6例,二尖瓣成形或置换术9例,升主动脉置换或成形术4例,动脉导管未闭缝合术5例,室间隔缺损修补术3例,冠状动脉旁路移植术2例。结果住院死亡1例（3．2％）,术后39d死于感染性中毒性休克。术后上、下肢收缩压压差较术前明显下降（13．7±10．2mmHg vs．64．2±25．3mmHg,P〈0．05）。随访27例,随访时间4～73个月,无晚期死亡、与人工血管相关的并发症和再次手术患者。结论正中切口解剖外旁路移植术是一期治疗成人及青少年主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形的一种安全有效的手术方法。升主动脉腹主动脉旁路移植术及升主动脉-心包后降主动脉旁路移植术均可获得满意疗效。     

外科治疗成人主动脉缩窄40例

目的探讨成人主动脉缩窄的手术方式、手术效果、随访结果并总结临床经验。方法回顾性分析2004年7月至2015年3月我院行外科手术治疗的40例成人主动脉缩窄患者的临床资料,其中男28例、女12例,年龄16~57(26.3±11.0)岁,根据手术前后上下肢平均压差的变化及术后呼吸机辅助时间、住ICU时间、总住院时间等评估手术效果。结果 40例手术均顺利完成,1例合并急性主动脉夹层的患者术后死亡,其余患者均治愈出院。随访12~36个月,术后上下肢平均压差较术前均明显缩小。至出院时仍有6例患者存在高血压,需要持续药物治疗。结论外科手术是治疗成人主动脉缩窄的有效手段。合并心内畸形者应用解剖外旁路转流技术同期手术处理主动脉缩窄安全、有效。     

主动脉瓣二叶畸形伴胸主动脉扩张的外科治疗

目的分析主动脉瓣二叶畸形伴胸主动脉扩张的临床特点及外科治疗。方法回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2014年6月行主动脉瓣二叶畸形伴胸主动脉扩张手术患者68例的临床资料,其中男47例、女21例,年龄26~77(44.5±16.3)岁。手术方式包括Wheat手术22例,主动脉瓣置换+升主动脉成形术10例,Bentall手术13例,主动脉瓣置换+升主动脉置换+右半弓置换术13例,Bentall手术+升主动脉置换+右半弓置换术8例,Bentall手术+升主动脉置换+全弓置换+支架象鼻术2例。结果 68例手术均顺利完成,住院死亡3例(死亡率4.4%)。神经精神系统并发症3例,肺部感染2例,二次开胸2例。术后随访63例,随访时间6个月至4年。术后2年死亡1例,其余患者生活质量良好,无再次手术。结论主动脉瓣二叶畸形合并胸主动脉扩张患者的临床特点多样,应根据患者的主动脉瓣及胸主动脉的病变特点选择合适的手术方式。     

DAVID-Ⅰ式手术治疗主动脉根部动脉瘤12例

长期以来应用带主动脉瓣（机械瓣或生物瓣）的人工血管替换病变主动脉及主动脉瓣并重新移植冠状动脉开口（BENTAL手术）是治疗升主动脉及主动脉根部动脉瘤的标准术式，但其存在与人工瓣相关的问题。1992年David和Feindel提出了保留主动脉瓣的主动脉根部修复术（DAVID手术）治疗升主动脉瘤和主动脉根部扩张。我们于2002年10月至2003年10月在法国冈城大学医疗中心研修期间参加了12例DAVID-Ⅰ式手术，现报告如下。     

停循环技术应用于升主动脉-胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植治疗主动脉缩窄

目的总结经单一胸部正中切口采用低温停循环技术行解剖外升主动脉-胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄的经验。方法回顾性分析2009年12月至2018年5月我院连续12例主动脉缩窄患者的临床资料。其中男女各6例,年龄13～42岁,均有高血压症状,上下肢动脉收缩压差46～85(57.1±16.8)mm Hg。手术经胸部正中切口,采用体外循环及深低温停循环技术,行升主动脉-心包后胸降主动脉人工血管旁路移植术。结果人工血管平均直径14～20(17.2±1.8)mm,体外循环时间69～197(115.9±40.6)min,主动脉阻断时间41～142(69.8±30.7)min,深低温停循环时间9～27(16.8±4.1)min。所有患者均未输血,无严重并发症。术后上下肢动脉收缩压差值为–12～22(14.3±4.8)mm Hg,较术前显著下降(P0.01)。所有患者均康复出院,平均随访3～91(41.9±21.5)个月,随访期间仅1例患者术后需要服用1种降压药物,其余患者均正常。结论深低温停循环下经胸部切口行解剖外人工血管旁路移植术治疗主动脉缩窄安全有效,未来需要更多病例进一步验证。     

成人主动脉缩窄的临床特点和外科矫正

目的探讨成人主动脉缩窄的临床特点和外科治疗方法。方法40例成人主动脉缩窄患者行手术矫治，其中心脏不停跳手术28例，常规体外循环下手术12例。行主动脉狭窄段切开、人工血管补片扩大术12例，人工血管置换术15例，锁骨下动脉降主动脉旁路移植术1例，采用人工血管行胸一腹主动脉旁路移植术9例，经心包后径路行升主动脉一降主动脉旁路移植术3例。结果全组无手术死亡，几种术式术后均无脑部和脊髓等神经系统并发症。术后36例得到随访，平均随访12个月。36例患者上、下肢血压差均小于10mmHg（1kPa－7．5mmHg）。超声心动图和超高速CT检查提示人工血管血流通畅，无假性动脉瘤形成。结论成人主动脉缩窄的外科术式有多种选择，掌握好手术适应证，根据患者的具体病理生理状况选择合适的手术方式可获得满意的治疗效果。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的 总结外科治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的初步效果和临床经验,分析影响再次手术的危险因素.方法 2009年2月至2011年12月,81例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者接受外科手术治疗,其中男54例,女27例;年龄19～77岁,平均(41.6±11.7)岁.合并高血压48例,马方综合征15例,主动脉根部瘤7例,主动脉窦部扩张、升主动脉扩张、主动脉缩窄各1例.其中二次手术18例,三次手术4例.对再次手术的相关危险因素进行logistic回归分析.结果 主动脉弓部替换加支架象鼻手术(孙氏手术)16例,同期Bentall手术7例,升主动脉替换2例,David手术1例,冠状动脉旁路移植手术1例;胸腹主动脉替换31例;支架象鼻术24例,同期左锁骨下动脉左颈总动脉转流5例,主动脉瓣置换+升主动脉成形3例,左锁骨下动脉重建2例,双瓣置换1例,升主动脉降主动脉人工血管转流1例;胸降主动脉替换9例;内漏修补1例.术后2例死于出血致多脏器功能衰竭,均为全胸腹主动脉替换患者,住院病死率2.5％(2/81例).术后并发症发生率7.4％(6/81例),其中二次开胸止血3例,呼吸功能不全气管切开1例,术后食管瘘开胸探查+空肠造瘘1例,声音嘶哑1例.全组无截瘫及卒中.Logistic回归分析表明,马方综合征是再次手术的危险因素.结论 外科治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层早期效果满意,中、远期结果需进一步随访.马方综合征是需要再次手术干预的危险因素.     

Aneurysm of the ascending aorta in its coarctation

In long-term period after resection of aorta coarctation, 9-14% patients developed aortic aneurysms, one third of them localized in the ascending aorta. From 146 patients operated on for aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 3 had aortic coarctation. In 2 patients aneurysms of the ascending aorta formed late after resection of the coarctation, the third patient was hospitalized with clinical picture of cardiac insufficiency at terminal stage due to coarctation of the aorta and a giant aneurysm of the ascending aorta with significant aortic insufficiency. The patients underwent successful surgeries: 1) ascending aorta grafting; 2) aortic valve and ascending aorta grafting by Bentallo de Bono method; 3) aortic valve and ascending aorta grafting by Bentallo de Bono method with bypass of descending aorta from the conduit. Cystic medianecrosis and two-volume aortic valve were revealed in all the patients. It is concluded that patients after surgery for coarctation of the aorta require long-term follow-up to defect cardiovascular complications early.     

Bilateral subclavian steal associated with severe coarctation of the thoracic aorta and an aberrant right subclavian artery

A 10-year-old girl having bilateral subclavian steal associated with severe coarctation of the thoracic aorta and an aberrant right subclavian artery was found, on admission, to have no difference between upper and lower extremity blood pressure, but echocardiography revealed severe thoracic aorta coarctation and systolic blood pressure in the carotid arteries exceeding 200 mmHg estimated by Doppler ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography demonstrated bilateral subclavian steal without esophageal compression. We reconstructed the aortic arch using the left subclavian artery and a reversed Blalock-Park procedure, then repaired the coarctation with a 14 mm woven double velor vascular graft. The girl was symptom-free following uncomplicated recovery from surgery. Doppler ultrasonography 2 weeks after surgery showed the pressure gradient across the aortic arch had decreased from 180 mmHg to 60 mmHg. This residual gradient at the anastomosis between the ascending aorta and left subclavian artery may improve as native vessels grow.     

Transpericardial extra-anatomic intrathoracic aortic bypass conduits in the management of coarctation of the aorta

Two varied cases of coarctation of the aorta are described, in which transpericardial ascending to descending thoracic aortic conduits were routed around the right atrium, utilizing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The approach was through a median sternotomy in two patients. The first case is a 52-year-old female who underwent combined aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and repair of aortic coarctation distal to the left subclavian artery. The second case was a fifth time reoperation in a 12-year-old girl with recurrent coarctating. Both patients remain well and asymptomatic.     

Extraanatomic aortic bypass for repair of aortic coarctation

We describe two adult patients who underwent extraanatomic ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass grafting for repair of aortic coarctation through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. Of the two patients, one presented with coarctation and concurrent cardiovascular disorders, and the other, with residual coarctation. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established with double arterial cannulation in the aorta or axillary artery and the femoral artery ensure adequate perfusion proximal and distal to coarctation and bicaval cannulation. The heart was retracted cephalic and superiorly, and the descending thoracic aorta was exposed through the posterior pericardium. After achieving distal anastomosis, the graft was directed anterior to the inferior vena cava and lateral to the right atrium, and anastomosed to the right lateral aspect of the ascending aorta. A 14-mm graft was used. In one patient receiving concomitant procedures, mitral valve repair and replacement of the ascending aorta was performed after the distal anastomosis.     

Concurrent single stage repair of coarctation of aorta and associated cardiac pathology in adult patients

Background Thoracic aortic coarctation and associated intracradiac pathology including a concomitant valvular lesion or coronary artery disease is an uncommon combination in adult patients. The simultaneous operative management of both lesion is preferred to avoid a second redo surgery and the risks associated with it. Methods We describe a simultaneous operative management of six adult patients with coarctation of aorta and associated cardiac lesion. All six patients had heterotopic bypass (Dacron tube implanted between the ascending and descending aorta) to repair the coarctation and concomitant repair of the cardiac lesion. The associated procedures were aortic valve replacement in 3 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting in 2 patients and mitral valve replacement in 1 patient. Results There were no operative deaths and all patients are doing well on follow up with patent coarctation of aorta bypass graft at a mean follow up of 18 months. No graft related complications occurred, and there were no instance of stroke or paraplegia. All patients had an uneventful post operative course and are on routine out patient follow up. Conclusion A median sternotomy for repairing adult coarctation of aorta with concomitant cardiac lesion can be performed safely and readily managed as an excellent single stage approach.     

Ascending-to-descending aortic bypass via posterior pericardium for complex coarctation of aorta

Abstract   We introduce our surgical experience in treating recurrent aortic coarctation or coarctation associated with intracardiac abnormalities, which is difficult to manage. Four patients underwent the operation with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. During the surgery, the posterior pericardium was opened and the thoracic aorta was dissected and sidebiting clamped, and an end-to-side anastomosis of the artificial graft to the descending aorta was performed. The graft was passed in between the inferior vena cava and the inferior right pulmonary vein and posterior to the pericardium. After that, the aorta was clamped and intracardiac repair was finished. Then the proximal artificial graft was anastomosed to the right side of the ascending aorta with heart beating. All patients recovered smoothly. There was no early or late death, without bleeding or other complications after operation. Conclusion : "Complex coarctation" can be treated with ascending-to-descending aortic bypass via posterior pericardium and satisfied result can be achieved.     

One advice to the decision of graft size for ascending and total arch graft replacement (in a case of differential diameters in ascending aorta and descending aorta)

We carried out the surgery of thoracic aortic aneurysm in fifty-eight patients from June 1994 to February 1999 (including aortic dissection in twenty-six patients). The mean size of grafts were 28.1 mm in ascending graft replacement, 25.8 mm in both ascending and arch graft replacement and 23.8 mm in descending graft replacement. The grafts for ascending aortic aneurysm were significantly larger than those for descending aortic aneurysm. In two of twenty-six patients undergoing both ascending and arch graft replacement, different size of grafts were used for ascending replacement and for arch replacement with satisfactory results in terms of bleeding from the anastomotic sites. Case 1; A 45-year-female with aortitis syndrome and aortic regurgitation due to annuloaorticectasia and thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent simultaneous aortic root replacement with composite graft (25 mm St. Jude Medical valve and 28 mm Hemashield graft) and total arch replacement (30 mm Hemashield graft with two side branches). Case 2; A 64-year-female was diagnosed as chronic type II dissecting aneurysm combined with acute type I aortic dissection. Ascending aorta was replaced with a 26 mm Hemashield graft, and the aortic arch was replaced with a 24 mm Hemashield graft with three side branches.     

Surgery of the dilated aortic root and ascending aorta in pediatric patients: techniques and results.

OBJECTIVE: Dilatation of the aortic root is a well-known cardiovascular manifestation in children and adult patients with connective tissue disease (e.g. Marfan syndrome). Dilatation of the ascending aorta is extremely rare and may be associated with bicuspid aortic valve. This report evaluates the incidence of dilatative aortic root and ascending aortic pathology in patients younger than 18 years and analyzes the results obtained after repair and replacement strategies. METHODS: Between 1/1995 and 12/2002, a total of 752 operations on the thoracic aorta were performed in adult and pediatric patients. We present our experience with a group of 26 patients <18 years of age, who required isolated surgery of the aortic root and/or ascending aorta because of a dilatative lesion. Fifteen patients had isolated aortic root dilatation (13 of them suffered from Marfan syndrome), eight patients presented with an idiopathic dilatation of the ascending aorta and three patients had dilatation in association with a bicuspid aortic valve. Mean age was 10 +/- 4.8 years (4-18 years). Repair of the aortic root with preservation of the aortic valve (Yacoub, David or selective sinus repair) was performed in nine patients, replacement using a homograft was performed in five patients, composite graft with mechanical prosthesis in two patients, with biological prosthesis in one patient and Ross operation was performed in one case. Isolated supracoronary graft replacement was performed in eight patients. RESULTS: Two patients died during hospitalization: a 10-year old girl developed respiratory failure on the 2nd postoperative day and autopsy revealed Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with a massive intrapulmonary emphysema. A 14-year-old Marfan patient with severely depressed preoperative LV function died from low cardiac output following composite-graft, mitral and tricuspid valve repair. One patient required aortic valve replacement 7 days after an aortic valve sparing root repair. There was no additional perioperative morbidity. In the long-term, two patients died from rupture of the thoracic aorta, both following minor non-cardiovascular surgical procedures. Both had normal sized descending and abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION: Repair of the aortic root and/or ascending aorta in children and adolescent patients can be performed with acceptable early and late results. While the presence of severe comorbidity may adversely affect early outcome, long-term survival was mainly determined by rupture of the descending aorta.     

Right aortic arch with mirror-image branching and coarctation of the aorta--a case report]

The right aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta was reported. A 56-year-old woman admitted to the hospital because of headache and hypertension. Cardiac catheterization revealed the right aortic arch with coarctation of the aorta and 80 mmHg pressure gradient across the coarctation. The bypass operation with a 14 mm Dacron graft between the ascending to descending aorta was performed. There was no peak systolic pressure gradient between the ascending and descending aorta after bypass operation. This patient is the fourth case report with both mirror-image type right aortic arch and coarctation of the aorta.     

Posterior pericardial approach for ascending aorta-to-descending aorta bypass through a median sternotomy

BACKGROUND: Bypass grafting for repeat operation or complex forms of descending aortic disease is an alternative approach to decrease potential complications of anatomic repair. METHODS: Between December 1985 and February 1998, 17 patients (13 men, 4 women; mean age, 47.6 +/- 18.5 years) underwent ascending aorta-to-descending aorta bypass through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. Indications for operation were coarctation or recoarctation of aorta in 8 patients, Takayasu's aortitis in 2, prosthetic aortic valve stenosis associated with coarctation of aorta, complex descending aortic arch aneurysm, reoperation for chronic descending aortic dissection, long-segment stenosis of descending aorta, acquired coarctation after repair of traumatic transection of descending aorta, severe aortic atherosclerosis, and false aneurysm of descending aorta after repair of coarctation in 1 patient each. Concomitant procedures were performed in 12 patients. RESULTS: No early or late mortality has occurred. Follow-up was 100% complete and extended to 12 years (mean, 2.7 +/- 3.3 years). No late graft-related complications have occurred; 1 patient had successful repair of perivalvular leak after mitral valve replacement, and 1 patient had replacement of lower descending and abdominal aorta. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of the descending aorta through the posterior pericardium for ascending aorta-descending aorta bypass is a safe alternative and particularly useful when simultaneous intracardiac repair is necessary.