高效液相色谱法测定水产品中四环素类抗生素残留的分析

目的探讨高效液相色谱法测定水产品中四环素类抗生素残留的效果。方法建立固相萃取-高效液相色谱对水产品中四环素类抗生素,包括土霉素、四环素、去甲金霉素、金霉素、脱氧土霉素等进行分析,总结归纳其检测结果。结果以二氯甲烷为提取溶液,正己烷液进行脱脂,HLB固相萃取柱净化,吸收波长为350nm进行测定效果更佳。四环素、金霉素和土霉素的检出限分别为0.02mg/kg、0.05mg/kg和0.01mg/kg;土霉素、四环素、金霉素、脱氧土霉素和去甲基金霉素回收率分别为78.5%～89.1%、78.4%～88.7%、74.2%～86.3%、75.6%～83.5%和78.4%～85.9%,平均相对偏差为3.94%～9.95%。结论在水产品四环素类抗生素残留检测中应用高效液相色谱法可以提高检测准确度,且其检测速度快、方便,值得应用。     

芜湖地区饮用水中四环素类抗生素含量检测分析

目的:对芜湖地区饮用水中残留的四环素类抗生素进行检测,以评估抗生素残留现状。方法:从芜湖7个地区采集自来水末梢水水样21份,采用固相萃取联合高效液相色谱法检测自来水末梢水水样中土霉素、四环素、金霉素和强力霉素的含量。结果:四种抗生素的线性范围为0.05~10 mL/L,r>0.999,方法检出限为0.0272~0.2241μg/L,方法的平均加标回收率为81.82%~151.11%,相对标准偏差为0.73%~8.40%,末梢水中目标抗生素含量低于检测限。结论:芜湖地区饮用水中四环素类抗生素残留量较低。     

口服药一律饭后服用欠妥

在日常生活中,人们多数习惯于饭后服用药物,显然欠妥。如抗酸药,胃溃疡患者宜饭后1/2—1小时服;而十二指肠溃疡宜两餐间服;胃复安宜饭前15—30分钟服用;利福平宜早餐前1小时空腹服;异烟胼如饭后服,可显著降低血药浓度及其吸收量。据有关文献报道,饭后服用四环素其血浓度较空腹服用低50—80％。其他四环素类药物,如金霉素、土霉素、去甲金霉素、甲     

为什么四环素饱服不应视为常规?

四环素属广谱抗生素,加以口服方便,在临床上应用比较广泛。由于四环素口服常可出现胃肠道反应如恶心、呕吐、上腹部不适、腹胀等,因而不少医务人员常嘱患者饭后服用,以减少其对胃粘膜刺激而引起的不良反应。据有关文献报道,饭后服用四环素其血浓度较空腹服用低50～80％。其他四环素类药物,如金霉素、土霉素、去甲金霉素、甲烯土霉素等亦如此。因此,建议四环素应于饭前1小时或饭后2小时服用。医务人员将四环素饱服视为常规的观念要予以     

广州市部分动物源性食品激素及抗生素残留状况分析

目的了解近年本地畜禽肉及内脏、水产品药物残留状况。方法2006～2008年对本地肉菜市场、连锁超市、餐饮业,副食品批发及零售店采集的453宗样品进行己烯雌酚,丙酸睾酮、盐酸克伦特罗等激素及抗生素的残留检测。结果畜禽肉中检出违禁激素己烯雌酚、盐酸克伦特罗和残留丙酸睾酮,样品总合格率为82．35％;抗生素残留主要为四环素和土霉素,总合格率为68．43％,抗生素残留以内脏、水产品中的虾蟹、贝类为严重,超标均值为限量值的十几到几十倍,另外仍有数宗样品检出违禁药氯霉素。结论激素类兽药残留状况不容忽视,四环素、土霉素在动物性食品的残留情况比较普遍,应加强兽药监管及畜禽、水产养殖业的产品从源头到销售各个环节的兽药残留、饲料添加剂使用的监管和检测,积极推行绿色养殖行业产品标准及规范,完善整套食品安全体系,最终确保动物源性食品的安全消费。     

牙齿四环素着色

临床上常用的四环素族抗生素有金霉素、土霉素、四环素、去甲金霉素、甲稀土霉素、强力霉素及二甲胺四环素等。其中金霉素最先用于临床(1948),然后是土霉素(1950),四环素(]953)及去甲金霉素(1959)。四环素族具有抗菌谱广,容易服用和毒性低等优点,在临床上应用得很广泛。然而,过多地依赖它的广谱抗菌作用,而不认真地去确定引起感染的病原菌,就会造成药物的滥用。目前,很多种细菌菌株已经对四环素产生了耐药性,药物毒性反应的报导也在不断地增多。     

控制猪、牛肉中抗生素残留量的必要性分析

抗生素富集于动物体内,通过食物链对人体造成危害。本研究通过对100份猪、牛肉样品进行土霉素、四环素、金霉素残留量调查分析,进一步强调控制猪、牛肉中抗生素残留量的必要性。     

四环素染色牙

四环素是造成牙齿染色的主要药物之一,四环素类药物除四环素外还包括土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素等。该类药物的化学结构基本相同,产生的副作用也大致相同,是广谱抗生素中应用最广泛的药物。它对牙齿的损害,日益引起人们的密切关注。     

卫生部公布淘汰127种药品

根据卫生部文[(82)卫药字第21号]规定:从即日起,停止使用106种药品;从1983年1月1日起,停止使用21药品.现将这两部分淘汰药品名单列下:一、从即日起,停止使用下列106种药品:1.水杨酸钠针剂2.非那西汀片剂3.氨基比林针剂4.氨基比林片剂31.小儿土霉素片剂32.土霉素糖粉33.长效土霉素颗粒34.盐酸土霉素注射剂35.盐酸金霉素片剂36.盐酸金霉素糖粉37.盐酸金霉素颗粒38.盐酸金霉素注射剂39.合霉素片剂     

急性菌痢短程抗菌疗法

当前，细菌性痢疾（以下简称菌痢）仍是我国常见的肠道传染病，菌群分布仍以B群志贺氏菌为主。但对常用抗菌药如磺胺（除复方新诺明外），链霉素、金霉素、土霉素、四环素、氯霉素、合霉素、黄连素等耐药率已达80％左右，且急性菌痢     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.