减重手术在多囊卵巢综合征治疗中的作用

多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS）是女性常见内分泌紊乱性疾病,其发生率近10%。表现为无排卵、高雄激素血症及超声显示卵巢的多囊改变。多数患者伴有代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MS）,表现为高血压、高血脂、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及糖耐量异常。     

减重手术治疗多囊卵巢综合征的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（ polycystic ovary syndrome , PCOS）是育龄期妇女常见的一种内分泌代谢异常性疾病,以慢性无排卵、高雄激素血症和卵巢多囊样改变为主要特征。 PCOS 患病率为5％～10％［1］。PCOS存在胰岛素抵抗（ homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance,HOMA-IR）、高雄激素血症、高泌乳素血症、肥胖等代谢异常。虽然目前有针对不同情况的PCOS的内分泌药物治疗方法,但药物治疗对PCOS的肥胖效果不佳［2］,且存在症状反复的可能性。同时肥胖的远期并发症也将严重威胁患者的健康,因此,减轻体重对PCOS患者的治疗十分重要。但实际上很多患者依靠运动、节食等方法减重效果十分有限,因此,探讨手术减重对PCOS具有十分重要的意义。本文对减重手术治疗PCOS的代谢效果及可能机制进行综述。     

减重手术治疗多囊卵巢综合征

正多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)是育龄女性常见的内分泌代谢紊乱性疾病,表现为无排卵、高雄激素血症及超声显示卵巢的多囊性改变,约60%的PCOS伴有肥胖。肥胖伴有的代谢综合征主要包括2型糖尿病、PCOS、高血压、睡眠呼吸暂停及高脂血症。减重手术治疗2型糖尿病已得到广泛认可,而对PCOS的作用文献报道尚少。PCOS能否与2型糖尿病一样,成为用代谢手术治疗     

腹腔镜胃袖状切除术治疗多囊卵巢综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜胃袖状切除术治疗多囊卵巢综合征的效果及安全性,为多囊卵巢综合征的治疗提供参考方法。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月住院接受腹腔镜胃袖状切除术的多囊卵巢综合征13例患者病历资料,对术后1个月、3个月、6个月及1年时的体重、月经、皮肤、毛发、性激素等变化进行电话随访。 结果13例患者均无手术并发症发生,在术后随访中多囊卵巢综合征症状均有不同程度减轻。 结论腹腔镜胃袖状切除术是治疗多囊卵巢综合征安全且有一定疗效的手段。     

脂代谢异常与多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种异质性内分泌紊乱,与生殖异常(高雄激素血症、月经过少/闭经、不孕症、妊娠并发症增加)及代谢异常(脂代谢异常、代谢综合征和冠心病)有关。PCOS与代谢紊乱的关系已有大量研究,且大多研究表明PCOS妇女中的血脂异常较非PCOS的同龄妇女中更普遍,与肥胖及胰岛素抵抗密切相关。本文就肥胖相关的脂代谢异常与PCOS的关系做一综述,以便为PCOS的筛查、诊断、治疗及预防远期并发症提供临床指导。     

减重代谢手术对心脑血管不良事件的影响

肥胖是诱发心脑血管不良事件的重要原因之一,减重代谢手术是近年来新兴的被证实可安全、有效减轻患者体重,并改善肥胖相关合并症如2型糖尿病、高血压、代谢综合征等的一种方式。有研究发现减重代谢手术可改善心脑血管不良事件危险因素,如炎症、高血压、血脂异常等,但减重代谢手术可否显著降低肥胖患者心脑血管不良事件尚不明确。本文通过回顾相关文献报道,了解减重代谢手术对肥胖患者心脑血管不良事件的影响,进一步阐明减重代谢手术的疗效及应用价值。     

吡格列酮联合克罗米芬在多囊卵巢综合征治疗中疗效的临床研究

目的:探讨研究吡格列酮联合克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床疗效.方法:收集96例多囊卵巢综合征患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,均予以克罗米芬治疗,研究组患者加用吡格列酮治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后激素水平、卵巢大小及卵泡数目.结果:研究组患者临床疗效明显优于对照组(P＜0.05);研究组患者激素水平较对照组下降明显(P＜0.05);且卵巢及卵泡数目小于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:吡格列酮联合克罗米芬治疗多囊卵巢综合征疗效肯定,并能改善激素水平及卵巢状况,值得进一步研究.     

睾酮与代谢综合征

代谢综合征具有多种成分如胰岛素抵抗、糖耐量减低、血脂异常、高血压、中心性肥胖、微量蛋白尿、高尿酸血症等.低血清睾酮水平是糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病的独立危险因素,与代谢综合征的发生密切相关.血清睾酮水平能预测代谢综合征的发生风险.睾酮补充治疗能延缓代谢综合征相关疾病的发展.     

肥胖、代谢综合征与前列腺癌

肥胖可能导致高级别前列腺癌发病率增加,肥胖会降低正常男性血前列腺特异性抗原的水平,前列腺癌患者内分泌治疗后会出现类似代谢综合征的代谢改变。作者就肥胖、代谢综合征与前列腺癌的病因、筛查、治疗和预后等方面的关系做一综述。     

腹腔镜手术治疗多囊卵巢综合征的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜卵巢打孔术(LOD)后结合氯米芬(CC)治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的效果。方法:手术前后分别观察多囊卵巢综合征36例的黄体生成激素(LH),卵泡刺激素(FSH)及睾酮(T)的水平,并在术后监测患者卵泡的发育、排卵及妊娠数。结果:36例患者月经情况改善,术后LH和T与术前相比均显著下降(P<0.01),术后排卵率为86.1%,1年内累计妊娠20例。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗多囊卵巢综合征有效,具有术后排卵率高,妊娠率高等优点。     

PCOS合并代谢综合征患者卵泡液激肽谱与卵子质量的关系

目的探讨PCOS合并代谢综合征患者卵泡液内脂质代谢模式与卵泡液内激肽系统表达谱及胚胎发育的关系。方法前瞻性队列研究,选取年龄匹配的体外受精助孕患者共90例,其中单纯PCOS 30例,PCOS合并代谢综合征患者30例,正常对照组30例。所有患者均采用拮抗剂方案促排卵,取卵日收集单个优势卵泡(直径18~21mm)卵泡液,采用悬液芯片技术检测卵泡液内激肽表达谱,比较各组患者卵泡液内脂代谢指标、激肽表达谱及相关的胚胎质量。结果 (1)三组患者基础性激素(FSH,LH,E_2,P)水平、HCG扳机日和取卵日激素(LH,E_2,P)水平,及收集卵泡液的卵泡直径大小均无统计学差异(P0.05)。(2)PCOS合并代谢综合征组患者的体重指数、血清和卵泡液内甘油三酯水平均显著高于其他两组患者(P0.05),而高密度脂蛋白水平显著下降(P0.05);PCOS合并代谢综合征患者卵泡液内胆固醇水平和TNF-α水平均显著高于其他两组患者(P0.05),而G-CSF水平显著降低(P0.05);其他15种激肽水平各组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。(3)卵泡液G-CSF水平与其内胆固醇(TG)和甘油三酯(TC)水平存在负相关(相关指数分别为0.29和0.25),而TNF-α则与TG水平正相关(相关指数0.26)。(4)三组患者间受精率、胚胎可用率均无统计学差异(P0.05),优质胚胎率在PCOS合并代谢综合征组(20.0%)显著低于PCOS组(38.4%)及对照组(34.6%)(P0.05)。结论 PCOS合并代谢综合征患者卵泡液内脂代谢异常指标主要与激肽表达谱中的G-CSF和TNF-α有关;由于激肽系统对卵子的发生存在直接影响,我们推断PCOS合并代谢综合征患者的卵子发育潜能下降的原因很可能涉及这一机制。     

腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术治疗多囊卵巢综合征不孕症51例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术对多囊卵巢综合征不孕症的治疗价值。方法对51例女性多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕症患者行腹腔镜下卵巢打孔术治疗,单极电凝打孔,直径一般为2-4 mm,深度4-6 mm,两孔间隔约10 mm。手术前后监测血清促卵泡生成素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮（T）、雌二醇（E2）,术后监测排卵情况并观察妊娠率。结果术后1个月血清FSH升高,LH、LH/FSH、T下降（P〈0.05）。术后自然排卵率84.3%（43/51）,术后2年内妊娠39例,术后累积妊娠率76.5%（39/51）。结论腹腔镜卵巢打孔术为多囊卵巢综合征合并不孕症的有效快捷的治疗方案,并且创伤小,术后粘连少,多胎妊娠率低,卵巢过度刺激综合征少。     

腹腔镜电凝打孔治疗多囊卵巢综合征20例临床观察

目的:观察腹腔镜电凝打孔治疗多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)的疗效。方法:对克罗米酚治疗无效的多囊卵巢综合征患者20例行腹腔镜多点打孔术,观察手术前后FSH、LH、T、E的变化,术后排卵及受孕情况。结果:用该方法治疗PCOS恢复排卵率85％,受孕率60％,无并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜治疗PCOS简单易行、创伤小、恢复快、可重复多次进行,为难治的PCOS患者提供了新的治疗途径。     

腹腔镜下单极电针烧灼治疗多囊卵巢综合征

目的 评估对克罗米芬耐药的多囊卵巢综合征的不孕妇女进行腹腔镜下单极电针烧灼、穿刺治疗后的行经情况,排卵率、生殖结果及粘连形成情况。方法 对28例克罗米芬耐药的多囊卵巢综合征的不孕妇女行腹腔镜下单极电针烧灼,穿刺双侧卵巢,术后监测月经情况,自发排卵率,妊娠率,粘连形成情况。结果 术后月经规则者100%,自发排卵发生率85.7%(24/28),术后受孕率42.8%(12/28),对4例术后6-12个月又出现闭经,月经稀发,经克罗米芬治疗无效的未孕妇女进行了第二次腹腔镜手术,发现2例有卵巢表面微小、膜状疏松粘连,2例第二次手术后自然妊娠。结论 腹腔镜下单极电针烧灼、穿刺双侧卵巢是治疗对克罗米芬耐药的多囊卵巢综合征所致无排卵的有效治疗方法,手术方便,易行,术后无卵巢过度刺激综合征发生,手术所致卵巢表面的创伤小,术后仅少数病人发生卵巢表面轻度粘连,对手术治疗后复发病人行再次手术仍然有效。     

Defining the role of bariatric surgery in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women.To meet PCOS criteria,women must have a combination of hyperandrogenism,anovulation and ultrasound findings.Almost 10% of all reproductive age women worldwide show signs of PCOS.Although women often seek care for gynecological or body image concerns,many PCOS women are at risk for metabolic syndrome (MS).Many of the metabolic consequences are overlooked and un-dertreated by physicians because these patients tend to be young,reproductive age women.MS and obesity coexist commonly with PCOS.These young women are predisposed to glucose abnormalities and ulti-mately diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia and eventually cardiovascular disease.Bariatric surgery can be an ef-fective means of weight loss in PCOS women.Surgical techniques have become safer and less invasive over time and have been found to be effective in achieving significant weight loss.Surgical options have also in-creased,giving patients more choices.Bariatric surgery may prevent or reverse metabolic syndrome.Bariatric surgery may also have reproductive benefits in PCOS patients.Although bariatric surgery has historically been performed in older,reproductive aged women,it has recently gained favor in adolescents as well.This is of particular importance due to the prevalence of both PCOS and MS in adolescents.Treatment of PCOS and MS certainly requires a combination of medical therapy,psychological support and lifestyle modifications.These treatments are difficult and often frustrating for pa-tients and physicians.Bariatric surgery can be effective in achieving significant weight loss,restoration of the hypothalamic pituitary axis,reduction of cardiovascular risk and even in improving pregnancy outcomes.Ulti-mately,bariatric surgery should be considered part of the treatment in PCOS women,especially in those with MS.     

Metabolic syndrome: yet another co-morbidity gastric bypass helps cure

BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors predictive of cardiovascular diseases. The rising number of obese Americans has increased the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the hypothesis that the incidence of metabolic syndrome is decreased after laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: The charts of all patients who had undergone laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery during a 6-month period were reviewed for the presence of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, both preoperatively and at least 1 year postoperatively. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) criteria were used to define the metabolic syndrome. These criteria included elevated blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and waist circumference. RESULTS: Data were available for 53 patients. Before laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery, 32 (60%) of the 53 patients had metabolic syndrome, as defined by the NCEP ATPIII criteria. No difference was found in the preoperative body mass index between patients who had metabolic syndrome (47.4 kg/m(2)) and those who did not (49.8 kg/m(2); P = NS). The percentage of excess body weight lost after at least 1 year was 78% in patients with metabolic syndrome. After surgery, only 1 (2%) of the 53 patients had metabolic syndrome (P <.0001). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is quite common in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The results of our study have shown that laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery resolves metabolic syndrome in most patients. Metabolic syndrome should be considered another co-morbidity that improves and is cured after gastric bypass surgery.     

代谢手术治疗代谢疾病中肠道菌群作用的研究进展

代谢疾病患者肠道微生态与正常人群存在差异.代谢手术治疗代谢疾病疗效确切,而术后肠道菌群发生改变,并趋于正常肠道菌群结构.近年来已发现脂多糖、短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、胰升血糖素样肽、氧化三甲胺参与代谢手术后病情缓解过程.本文总结了代谢疾病中肠道菌群的特点和代谢手术后肠道菌群的变化,并对这些规律与上述指标关系展开综述.     

Correlation between pre-operative metabolic syndrome and persistent blood glucose elevation during cardiac surgery in non-diabetic patients

Background: Cardiopulmonary-bypass (CPB) induces hyperglycemia. There is growing evidence that perioperative maintenance of blood glucose within the physiological range improves patients' outcome. Nevertheless, perioperative normoglycemia is often difficult to achieve during surgery with CPB and the response to insulin infusion is characterized by a considerable variability. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the presence of pre-operative metabolic syndrome (MS) influences the blood glucose and insulin response during cardiac surgery.
Methods: Forty-five patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were screened for the presence of MS according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Patients were then assigned to two groups: those with metabolic syndrome (MSP) and those without (control). During surgery, blood glucose levels were measured in all patients and hyperglycemia was treated with a standard protocol of continuous insulin infusion.
Results: The mean blood glucose levels during CPB increased only in the MSP group ( P <0.001). Mean blood glucose in control patients did not increase during CPB ( P =0.4). Patients with MS received 13.3±8.4 IU of insulin during CPB, while the control group did not require insulin treatment ( P <0.001). Forty percent of patients in the control group and 100% of those in the MSP group developed post-operative insulin resistance. C-reactive protein was higher in the MSP group before, during and at 48 h after surgery.
Conclusions: The mean blood glucose levels during CPB increased only in patients with MS, while they remained unchanged in patients in the control group.