多囊卵巢综合征患者胰岛素抵抗的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种常见的影响生育功能的妇科内分泌疾病,被认为与遗传、代谢、内分泌及环境等多因素相关。PCOS患者的胰岛素抵抗增加了2型糖尿病、高血压、脂质代谢异常等发生的风险,越来越多的研究开始关注PCOS患者的胰岛素抵抗,本文从胰岛素抵抗的发生机制、评估、治疗等方面阐述其在PCOS中的研究进展。     

脂代谢异常与多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种异质性内分泌紊乱,与生殖异常(高雄激素血症、月经过少/闭经、不孕症、妊娠并发症增加)及代谢异常(脂代谢异常、代谢综合征和冠心病)有关。PCOS与代谢紊乱的关系已有大量研究,且大多研究表明PCOS妇女中的血脂异常较非PCOS的同龄妇女中更普遍,与肥胖及胰岛素抵抗密切相关。本文就肥胖相关的脂代谢异常与PCOS的关系做一综述,以便为PCOS的筛查、诊断、治疗及预防远期并发症提供临床指导。     

胰岛素抵抗与多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是妇科常见的内分泌疾病,其发病机理可能涉及下丘脑、垂体、肾上腺、胰岛素抵抗、肥胖等多种因素。国外对胰岛素抵抗的研究较多,现就胰岛素抵抗与PCOS进行综述。     

基于代谢组学的多囊卵巢综合征研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种复杂的异质性内分泌代谢疾病,其病因复杂,涉及全身多部位、多系统,表现多样,以生殖内分泌及代谢紊乱最为常见。代谢组学技术飞速发展,在多领域具有广泛应用,尤其在医学领域,揭示了许多代谢性相关疾病的潜在病因、生物标志物及治疗靶点,促进了医学发展。近年来,代谢组学技术在PCOS研究中应用较多,本文旨在阐述代谢组学技术在PCOS中的研究进展,以期深入探索PCOS发病机制,为临床治疗提供新方向。     

胰岛素抵抗影响多囊卵巢综合征发病及机制的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄期女性常见的内分泌紊乱疾病之一,胰岛素抵抗(IR)在多囊卵巢综合征的发生及发展过程中起着重要作用.IR不仅影响PCOS患者的生殖功能,还增加PCOS患者心血管疾病及代谢性疾病的发生风险.本文主要从胰岛素信号传导通路对PCOS患者发生IR的机制,IR对PCOS患者的卵巢功能、子宫内膜及代谢...     

性激素结合球蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征中的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是女性常见的内分泌疾病,主要以排卵障碍,卵巢呈多囊样改变和高雄激素血症为特征。性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)主要作用是结合睾酮和雌激素,调节性激素在血中的浓度。本文对SHBG基因表达水平与PCOS,SHBG水平和胰岛素抵抗(IR)、高雄激素血症、2型糖尿病、代谢综合征(MS)、妊娠糖尿病、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌等远期并发症的相关性进行综述,以期为PCOS的诊断提供一定参考,为临床治疗提供指导。     

肠道菌群和胆汁酸的相互作用与多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)作为最常见的妇科内分泌紊乱疾病,影响着5%～10%的育龄期女性。PCOS具有临床复杂性和异质性,而其确切病因目前尚无定论。肠道微生物失调是PCOS代谢和生殖障碍的病因之一,PCOS与肠道菌群之间的联系逐渐成为生殖领域研究的热点。同时,肠道菌群与胆汁酸之间的紧密联系也逐渐被发现。肠道菌群可以调节胆汁酸的代谢及转化,而胆汁酸具有抗菌作用,可以影响肠道菌群的组成、结构和功能。胆汁酸和肠道菌群之间的相互作用参与了PCOS的发生发展。本文就胆汁酸和肠道菌群的相互作用与PCOS的关系进行综述,以期为PCOS的诊断和治疗及未来的研究方向提供一定参考。     

AMH在多囊卵巢综合征中的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种常见的妇科内分泌、代谢紊乱性疾病,同时也是一种生殖障碍性疾病,严重危害女性身心健康,但是其具体发病机制目前仍不明确。越来越多的研究证明,抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)与卵泡生长发育、卵泡募集与成熟、高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗等均具有密切关系,在PCOS的发生发展过程中也具有重要调节作用。因此,本文结合AMH与PCOS的最新研究进行综述,以期探讨二者关系及其潜在发病机制,为PCOS的诊治提供新的思路。     

多囊卵巢综合征的微创手术治疗

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是以慢性无排卵、闭经、或月经稀发、不孕、肥胖、多毛和卵巢多囊性增大为临床特征的综合征候群。目前,临床上还没有单用一种药可以改善PCOS的所有症状,主要是对症治疗,对于严重PCOS促排卵治疗无效者,多采用手术治疗。我院于2003年8月至2005年12月对PCOS不     

减重手术对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价减重手术对肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的疗效。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、MEDLINE、The Cochrane Library、CNKI与万方数据库,检索时限均截至2018年9月,纳入有关减重手术对肥胖型PCOS治疗效果的研究。按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取数据,并对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价,使用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入9项自身前后对照试验、234例肥胖型PCOS患者。Meta分析结果显示,术后患者月经异常(RR=0.23; 95%CI:0.12～0.43; P <0.00001)、多毛(RR=0.47; 95%CI:0.28～0.79; P=0.004)发生率降低,血清总睾酮(MD=-25. 84; 95%CI:-30.07～-21.62; P<0.00001)、游离睾酮(MD=-4.05,95%CI:-6.82～-1.29,P=0.004)下降,体重指数下降(MD=-14.51; 95%CI:-17.88～-11.14; P<0.00001),2型糖尿病(RR=0.09; 95%CI:0.02～0.31; P=0.0002)、高血压(RR=0.20; 95%CI:0.04～0.89; P=0.03)患病率降低。结论:减重手术可有效降低肥胖型PCOS患者月经异常的发生率,改善高雄激素临床表现及高雄激素血症,降低患者体重指数及合并2型糖尿病、高血压的患病率。     

Weight loss and metabolic outcomes in women with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A case-matched study

Background and objectivesWeight loss is the mainstay of management for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, lifestyle and dietary modifications, and gastric banding have generally poor long-term efficacy. We aimed to investigate whether gastric bypass is equally efficacious in women with or without PCOS.MethodsWe performed a matched case–control study of primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in women with PCOS (cases, n = 30) compared to women without PCOS (controls, n = 60) matched for baseline age, body mass index (BMI) and presence or absence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data shown represent mean values.ResultsAt 24 months after surgery the 90 participants (age 36.1 years) experienced significant reductions in BMI (53.4 vs. 34.9 kg/m², p < 0.0001), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in 21 women with T2D (68.2 vs. 38.7 mmol/mol, p < 0.0001) and blood pressure (BP) in 29 women with hypertension (144/91 vs. 129/83 mmHg, p < 0.01), while obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) resolved in 88.0% of the 25 affected patients. Women with PCOS compared to women without PCOS achieved equivalent reductions in percentage total weight loss (32.6% vs. 32.6% at 12 months and 34.8% vs. 36.1% at 24 months) and HbA1c (T2D subgroup; 38.3 vs. 41.6 mmol/mol at 12 months and 37.0 vs. 39.6 mmol/mol at 24 months) and comparable improvement in BP (hypertension subgroup) and resolution of OSA (87.5% vs. 88.2% at 24 months).ConclusionIn women with PCOS with morbid obesity, gastric bypass resulted in significant weight loss and metabolic outcomes similar to women without PCOS.     

Defining the role of bariatric surgery in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women.To meet PCOS criteria,women must have a combination of hyperandrogenism,anovulation and ultrasound findings.Almost 10% of all reproductive age women worldwide show signs of PCOS.Although women often seek care for gynecological or body image concerns,many PCOS women are at risk for metabolic syndrome (MS).Many of the metabolic consequences are overlooked and un-dertreated by physicians because these patients tend to be young,reproductive age women.MS and obesity coexist commonly with PCOS.These young women are predisposed to glucose abnormalities and ulti-mately diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia and eventually cardiovascular disease.Bariatric surgery can be an ef-fective means of weight loss in PCOS women.Surgical techniques have become safer and less invasive over time and have been found to be effective in achieving significant weight loss.Surgical options have also in-creased,giving patients more choices.Bariatric surgery may prevent or reverse metabolic syndrome.Bariatric surgery may also have reproductive benefits in PCOS patients.Although bariatric surgery has historically been performed in older,reproductive aged women,it has recently gained favor in adolescents as well.This is of particular importance due to the prevalence of both PCOS and MS in adolescents.Treatment of PCOS and MS certainly requires a combination of medical therapy,psychological support and lifestyle modifications.These treatments are difficult and often frustrating for pa-tients and physicians.Bariatric surgery can be effective in achieving significant weight loss,restoration of the hypothalamic pituitary axis,reduction of cardiovascular risk and even in improving pregnancy outcomes.Ulti-mately,bariatric surgery should be considered part of the treatment in PCOS women,especially in those with MS.     

肥胖多囊卵巢综合征患者血脂异常的相关危险因素分析

目的比较肥胖多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)与肥胖非PCOS患者血脂水平及体脂分布差异,探究肥胖PCOS患者脂代谢异常的特点及影响因素。方法回顾性分析2017年12月至2018年6月就诊于盛京医院内分泌科的86例门诊患者,其中56例肥胖PCOS患者为肥胖PCOS组,30例匹配年龄、体重指数(BMI)的肥胖非PCOS患者为肥胖非PCOS组。检测身高、体重、内脏脂肪面积、血脂、性激素、甲状腺功能、hsCRP、空腹血糖及胰岛素水平,比较两组患者的代谢相关指标及激素水平,并做指标间的相关性分析。结果肥胖PCOS组血浆总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、LH、FSH、LH/FSH、睾酮(T)、游离雄激素指数(FAI)高于肥胖非PCOS组,血清游离甲状腺素(FT4)低于肥胖非PCOS组,均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。T、FAI、LH、FSH与TC呈正相关,T、LH与LDL呈正相关,T与ApoB呈正相关(P均<0.05)。肥胖PCOS组内脏脂肪面积、BMI与腰围之间两两呈正相关,腰围、BMI均与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)呈正相...     

性激素结合球蛋白检测在评价多囊卵巢综合征治疗中的意义

目的探讨性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)检测在评价治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)不育患者中的意义。方法将533例PCOS不育患者按体重指数(BMI)分为非肥胖组(424例)和肥胖组(109例)并再按是否存在胰岛素抵抗(IR)分为四组。A组:非肥胖无IR组(162例)、B组:非肥胖IR组(262例)、C组:肥胖无IR组(42例)、D组:肥胖IR组(67例)。测定黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E_2)、总睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)、SHBG、血糖(FBG)和胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算游离雄激素指数(FAI)及稳态模型指数(HOMA-IR)。A组、C组予达英-35;B组、D组予达英-35+盐酸二甲双胍,均治疗3月后复查各指标。停药后给予枸橼酸氯米芬(克罗米芬,CC)+人绝经期促性腺激素(HMG)促排卵治疗。比较各组排卵及妊娠情况。结果四组治疗后FAI均较治疗前降低,SHBG较治疗前升高差异有显著性;四组治疗后LH、LH/FSH比值、T较治疗前降低差异有显著性;但A组HOMA-IR、FINS较治疗前升高差异有显著性,B、D组HOMA-IR、FINS较治疗前降低差异有显著性。促排卵结果显示治疗后排卵率非肥胖组高于肥胖组(85.60%vs 68.69%,P0.01),两组治疗后有排卵患者SHBG较无排卵患者升高,FAI较无排卵患者降低;非肥胖组LH、LH/FSH比值、FINS降低(P0.05),而肥胖组FINS、HOMA-IR则降低(P0.05)。妊娠结局比较:非肥胖组和肥胖组妊娠分娩患者治疗后T、FAI、FINS、HOMA-IR较自然流产患者降低,SHBG升高(P0.05);此外肥胖组妊娠分娩患者治疗后BMI较自然流产患者降低。结论无论肥胖还是非肥胖的PCOS患者,无论是否存在胰岛素抵抗,SHBG及FAI均可作为评价治疗是否有效的指标之一,可提示促排卵治疗及妊娠结局。因此在PCOS患者治疗中检测SHBG及FAI能指导临床用药,降低流产率,对优生优育有重要指导意义。     

二甲双胍在多囊卵巢综合征的作用

生殖及代谢异常是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的特征性表现。已证实高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗,导致血中雄激素水平过高,是PCOS的重要发病机制。二甲双胍(metformin)称为胰岛素增敏剂,用于治疗PCOS后,可减轻高雄激素血症,使月经周期规律,改善卵巢对诱导排卵的反应,提高妊娠率,降低早孕流产率,且能减低发展为II型糖尿病及心血管疾病的危险性。本文就国外近年有关metformin运用于PCOS的进展作一综述。     

腹腔镜卵巢电凝术治疗难治性多囊卵巢综合征的临床研究

目的　评价腹腔镜下卵巢电凝术治疗难治性多囊卵巢综合征 (Polycysticovariansyndrome,PCOS)的效果。　方法应用电视腹腔镜对 16例促排卵方案治疗无效的PCOS行卵巢电凝术 ,观察术后排卵情况及对促排卵药物的敏感性 ,比较术后血清促卵泡生成素 (FSH)、黄体生成素 (LH)、睾酮 (T)、雌二醇 (E2 )水平的变化。　结果　 16例卵巢活检经病理诊断均为多囊卵巢。术后患者血清中LH和T均较术前明显下降 (t=14 75 ,P <0 0 1;t=13 2 0 ,P <0 0 1) ,LH/FSH比值 ( 1 3± 0 5 )趋于正常。 10例 ( 6 2 5 % )术后 2周期内自然行经 ,余 6例术后未自然恢复排卵在给氯米芬后全部促排卵成功。　结论　药物促排卵方案治疗无效的PCOS可选择卵巢电凝术进行促排卵治疗。     

多囊卵巢综合征的高胰岛素血症及其分型的研究

对５５例多囊卵巢综合征（ＰＣＯＳ）患者（ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ＞３者３０例，Ｉ型；ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ＜３者２５例，Ⅱ型进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（ＯＧＴＴ），观察有关内分泌变化，并以１５名正常妇女作对照。结果：（１）Ⅱ型ＰＣＯＳ组３０分钟的血糖明显升高，其余各时点值３组间无差异（Ｐ＞００５）；（２）ＯＧＴＴ后患者组的胰岛素、Ｃ一肽浓度约为对照组２～５倍；（３）至１２０分钟末，Ⅱ型ＰＣＯＳ组睾酮增加０．７３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而其余两组睾酮下降。结果表明两型ＰＣＯＳ组均有高胰岛素血症，其程度、原因及作用不同，建议在治疗上区别对待。     

Cardiometabolic health among gastric bypass surgery patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

AIM: To examine the effect of gastric bypass surgery on cardiometabolic health among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).METHODS: Retrospective medical chart review identified women (n = 389) with PCOS who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery from 2001-2009 in one surgical practice. Separate repeated measures linear mixed models were fit using the MIXED procedure to assess mean change in cardiometabolic disease risk factors from before to 1-year after surgery and were evaluated by ethnicity [Hispanic, non-Hispanic black (NHB) and white (NHW)].RESULTS: The majority of the sample was Hispanic (66%, 25% NHB, 9% NHW). Mean body mass index significantly improved 1 year post-surgery for all ethnic groups (45.5 to 35.5 kg/m² for Hispanics, 46.8 to 37.7 kg/m² for NHB and 45.7 to 36.7 kg/m² for NHW, P < 0.001). Among Hispanic women mean total cholesterol (198.1 to 160.2 mg/dL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol (120.9 to 91.0 mg/dL), triglycerides (148.6 to 104.8 mg/dL), hemoglobin A1c (6.2% to 5.6%), alanine aminotransferase (28.1 to 23.0 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (23.5 to 21.6 U/L) decreased significantly (P < 0.001). Among NHB, mean total cholesterol (184.5 to 154.7 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (111.7 to 88.9 mg/dL) and triglycerides (99.7 to 70.0 mg/dL) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Among NHW, mean total cholesterol (200.9 to 172.8 mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol (124.2 to 96.6 mg/dL), decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Pairwise ethnic group comparisons of all cardiometabolic outcomes adjusted for age and type of surgery before and 1 year after surgery showed no statistical difference between the three groups for any outcome.CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic disease risk improvements vary by ethnicity and obesity may impact glucose tolerance and liver function changes more in Hispanic women with PCOS vs non-Hispanic women.     

Exploring new treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome: Review of a novel antidiabetic agent SGLT2 inhibitor

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age associated with long-term metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. A plethora of symptoms and their severity differentiate on an individual level, giving the syndrome numerous phenotypes. Due to menstrual cycle abnormalities, women suffer from irregular menstrual bleeding, difficulty in conception, and infertility. Furthermore, the risk of pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and preterm birth are higher in women with PCOS than in the general population. Often, women with PCOS have comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, obesity, glucose intolerance or diabetes type 2, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, which all influence the treatment plan. Historic insulinsensitizing agents, although good for some of the metabolic derangements, do not offer long-term cardiovascular benefits; therefore, new treatment options are of paramount importance. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors, a new class of antidiabetic agents with beneficial cardiovascular, bodyweight, and antihyperglycemic effects, although not approved for the treatment of PCOS, might be an attractive therapeutic addition in the PCOS armamentarium. Namely, recent studies with SGLT-2 inhibitors showed promising improvements in anthropometric parameters and body composition in patients with PCOS. It is important to further explore the SGLT-2 inhibitors potential as an early therapeutic option because of the PCOS-related risk of metabolic, reproductive, and psychological consequences.