宫腔镜不同麻醉方法的比较与分析

目的 探讨宫 、腔镜术时麻醉方法。方法 148例宫腔镜术者采用三组麻醉，A组：硬膜外麻醉40例，B组静脉麻醉40例，C组硬膜外麻醉复合静脉麻醉68例。结果 麻醉后5、10、20min时，B组与C组MAP、HR较A组稳定，一过性呼吸抑制发生率C组低于B组。结论 宫腔镜手术理想的麻醉方法是硬膜外麻醉复合静脉麻醉。     

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉用于妇科腹腔镜手术临床观察

目的 比较腰麻－硬膜外联合麻醉和单纯硬膜外麻醉用于妇科腔镜手术对BP，HR，SPO2，PETCO2及麻醉效果，气腹充气量的影响。方法 50例妇科腹腔镜手术病人随机分粗要麻－硬膜外联合麻醉组（CSEA组，n=25例）和单纯硬膜外麻醉组（EA组，n=25例），监测患者于麻醉前，气腹前，气腹10min,30min及解除气腹后10min 5个时间占HR，BP，SPO2和PETCO2的变化，记录腹内压达1.17kPa时的气腹充气量及麻醉效果。结果 （1）气腹后HR，BP，PETCO2均明显变化（P＜0．05），EA组BP变化比CSEA组更明显（P＜0．05）；（2）CSEA组的气腹充气量明显多于EA组（P＜0．05）；（3）CSEA组的麻醉效果优于EA组（P＜0．05）。结论 腰麻－硬膜外麻醉用于妇科腹腔镜手术对循环影响小，麻醉效果优于单纯硬膜外麻醉，是较理想的麻醉方法。     

三种椎管内麻醉术在剖宫产中的对比观察

刮宫产术采用椎管内麻醉已为大家所接受．传统的方法是连续硬膜外麻醉（EA），近年，采用腰麻（SA）或腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉（CSEA）的报道已颇多。本文比较三种麻醉方法在剖宫产术中的应用。     

静脉或腰硬联合麻醉用于前列腺光汽化术的比较

为比较靶控输注（TCI）异丙酚静脉麻醉和腰硬联合麻醉（CSEA）两种方法用于前列腺光汽化术（PVP）中的效果，将40例择期行前列腺PVP手术的患者随机分为两组：TCI组（T组）（7／=20）：静脉给药芬太尼2．0～3．0μg／kg，异丙酚TCI，诱导时效应部位浓度设定为3μg／ml，术中维持为1．5～2．0μg／ml；CSEA组（C组）（n=20）：于患者b、4处注入0．5％布比卡因重比重液2．5ml，术中监测SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2、Glu等指标。结果：T组患者诱导后SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2明显下降，但术中能保持平稳，麻醉并发症较少；C组患者术中血流动力学稳定。提示CSEA和异丙酚TCI都适用于前列腺PVP术。且CSEA的有效性和安全性更佳。     

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉应用于子宫切除手术的体会

目的 探讨腰-硬联合麻醉（CSEA）在子宫切除术中的效果。方法 选择子宫切除手术患者30例，年龄、体重无显著差异经L2-3硬膜外穿刺成功后，经该针导入腰麻针行腰麻注药，退出后留置硬膜外导管。结果 30例患者术中麻醉达到镇痛、肌松效果。术后无头痛等并发症发生。结论 CSEA兼有腰麻和硬膜外麻醉的优点，适用于子宫切除手术。     

硬膜外麻醉在行经皮肾镜下取石术的应用效果

目的分析硬膜外麻醉在行经皮肾镜下取石术的应用效果。方法选择90例患者随机分为硬膜外麻醉（EA）组、腰硬膜外联合麻醉（CSEA）组和全身麻醉（GA）组（n=30）,观察分析3组麻醉效果。结果硬膜外麻醉、腰硬膜外联合麻醉和全身麻醉3组患者的麻醉效果差异不显著。硬膜外麻醉（EA）组和腰硬膜外联合麻醉（CSEA）组均出现血压显著下降现象,硬膜外麻醉优于腰硬外联合麻醉,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。全身麻醉（GA）组在心率（HR）和平均动脉压（MPA）方面均较为稳定,但术后清醒时间显著延长。结论硬膜外麻醉在行经皮肾镜下取石术麻醉中应用效果显著,安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

联合腰麻硬膜外麻醉或全凭静脉麻醉用于经皮肾镜碎石术

目的：观察和评价联合腰麻硬膜外麻醉（CSEA）及全凭静脉麻醉（TIVA）用于经皮肾镜碎石术的麻醉效果。方法选择64例行经皮肾镜碎石术的患者行回顾性分析,分为CSEA组和TIVA组两组,每组32例。记录两组入手术室时（基础值,t0）、改变体位为俯卧位或半侧卧位时（t1）、切皮时（t2）、出手术室时（t3）,以及CSEA组腰部麻醉后15min时（tSA15min）和TI‐VA组气管插管时（ti）的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）等,观察麻醉效果、输液量、术中使用麻黄碱和阿托品、CSEA组局麻药用量、手术时间、手术期间或出室时患者不适发生率,以及不良事件等。结果t0时两组血压和HR差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,CSEA组患者在t1、t2、t3时的SBP、DBP和MAP均低于t0（P＜0．05）,t1和t3时的HR高于t0（P＜0．05）;TIVA组患者在t1和t2时的SBP、DBP、MAP和HR均低于t0（P＜0．05）,但t3时的SBP、DBP和MAP均高于t0（P＜0．05）。t1和t2时CSEA组SBP和HR均高于TIVA组,而t3时CSEA组SBP和DBP均低于TIVA组（P＜0．05）。术后CSEA患者不适发生率为6．3％,低于TIVA组的25．0％（P＜0．05）。结论CSEA和TIVA均可用于经皮肾镜碎石术,CSEA术中舒适度低,但术后舒适度更高;结石较小,手术时间短、一般情况好的患者采用CSEA可能较好,反之采用全身麻醉可能较好。     

宫腔镜手术麻醉方式的选择

目的探讨腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉在宫腔镜手术的麻醉效果。方法将宫腔镜下子宫内膜息肉电切术的患者60例,随机分为腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉组（观察组）和硬膜外麻醉组（对照组）,对比麻醉效果。结果腰-硬联合麻醉患者麻醉效果明显优于连续硬膜外麻醉患者。结论腰-硬联合麻醉可以作为宫腔镜手术首选的麻醉方法,值得推广应用。     

脊髓硬膜外联合麻醉在新式剖宫产术中的应用

①目的 探讨脊髓硬膜外联合麻醉（SCEA）在新式剖宫产术的应用效果。②方法 将200例足月健康产妇随机分为CSEA组和连续硬膜外麻醉（EA）对照组，每组100例，均以L2－3为穿刺点，CSEA组用带有背孔的Tuohy针和25G腰穿针穿刺。③结果 CSEA组麻醉效果明显优于EA组（u＝7．66，P＜0．05），局麻药用量显著减少（t＝4．62，P＜0．01），手术时间和麻醉诱导时间亦明显缩短（t＝2．05，3．82，P＜0．05），两组低血压发生率相似，但CSEA组血压下降程度较大。④结论 CSEA具有麻醉起效快、用药剂量少、效果好和手术时间短等优点。但应注意低血压的防治。     

高龄患者髋部手术两种麻醉方式的比较

目的 观察连续硬膜外麻醉（CEA）与腰-硬联合麻醉（CSEA）应用于老年人髋部手术的临床麻醉效果和安全性.方法 选择112例老年髋部手术,随机分为连续硬膜外麻醉（CEA组）和腰-硬联合麻醉（CSEA组）,每组56例,比较两组局部麻醉药用量、麻醉阻滞起效时间、麻醉阻滞完善时间、痛觉恢复时间及血流动力学影响.结果 CSEA组局部麻醉药用量少、麻醉阻滞起效时间、麻醉阻滞完善时间及痛觉恢复时间均快于CEA组（P＜0.05）;CSEA组对血流动力学影响比CEA组轻（P＜0.05）.结论 CSEA组起效快,阻滞完全,对血流动力学影响优于CEA组,故高龄患者髋部手术采用腰-硬联合麻醉更加安全.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.