Case of duodenal haematoma treated with ultrasound guided drainage

Duodenal haematoma usually occurs secondary to blunt abdominal trauma(1), although more recently it has been recognized as a complication of endoscopic duodenal biopsy(2). The two established management strategies are to treat conservatively until resolution of the haematoma occurs or to surgically evacuate the haematoma. We present a case of duodenal haematoma that was successfully treated by ultrasound guided drainage when no improvement occurred with conservative treatment.     

Paediatric duodenal haematoma: Nonoperative management of blunt traumatic injury

Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population. Following the head and extremities, the abdomen is the third most commonly injured anatomic region in children [1]. We present a case of a massive duodenal haematoma secondary to blunt trauma that was managed nonoperatively. Several cases reports in the literature cite successful nonoperative management of duodenal haematoma by nasogastric decompression, bowel rest, and total parenteral nutrition [4], with resumed eating an average of 16 days after injury [9]. However, if the abdominal pain or obstruction fail to improve and/or resolve with medical management over seven to ten days, complications such as infarction or peritonitis are frequent, and surgical intervention may be required [3].     

ERCP致胆总管十二指肠损伤的诊治分析

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)致胆总管、十二指肠损伤的诊断和治疗措施。方法对2001年10月至2009年9月ERCP取石所致胆总管、十二指肠损伤5例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组胆总管损伤3例和十二指肠损伤2例均系行ERCP同时行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)所致。5例分别或同时经修补损伤、胆总管和十二指肠引流、胃肠吻合后治愈。结论早期诊断、合理治疗是ERCP致胆总管、十二指肠损伤能否治疗成功的关键。     

Intramural duodenal hematoma in children

An account is given of problems implied in diagnosis of intramural duodenal haematoma, with reference being made to three of the author's patients in childhood. The event is rare and may develop in the wake of slight traumatisation. Conservative treatment is possible. Yet, laparotomy is indicated in dubious situations for surgical removal of extravasation and, possibly, duodenal support.     

Intramural duodenal hematoma of traumatic origin]

A rare case of the blunt abdominal injuries--forming a clinical entity--intramural duodenal haematoma is reported. The symptoms of IMDH may appear--non specifically--after a longer interval. The diagnosis is assured in the first place by careful anamnesis and on the basis of the characteristic radiological signs. The treatment may be--depending on the extent of the obstruction--conservative or surgical--in the latter case mostly the evacuation of the haematoma is performed.     

Management of advanced duodenal polyposis in familial adenomatous polyposis

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk for the development of periampullary cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of endoscopic and surgical therapy in the management of advanced duodenal polyposis in FAP. From 1990 to 1995, seventy-four FAP patients were enrolled in a prospective endoscopic surveillance protocol. Among these, 11 (14.8%) developed advanced duodenal polyposis and one had duodenal adenocarcinoma. Six patients underwent endoscopic resection of duodenal (n=5) or ampullary adenomas (n=1). The following operations were performed in the remaining six patients: ampullectomy in four, open polypectomy in one, and a Whipple procedure in one. There was one patient who died of acute pancreatitis following endoscopic ampullectomy. The patient with invasive duodenal cancer died of local recurrence. Small polyps were observed at the site of previous resection in all (9 of 9) patients undergoing repeat endoscopy during a mean follow-up of 18 months (range 4 to 34 months). An endoscopic and local surgical resectional approach to advanced duodenal polyposis in FAP is fraught with high recurrence rates, although recurrent polyps are small and may be amenable to retreatment in the future. Long-term follow-up is necessary to prove that deaths from duodenal or ampullary cancer are prevented with this strategy.     

Spontaneous duodenal intramural haematoma imitating pancreatic pseudocyst

Spontaneous intramural duodenal haematoma develops mostly as a complication of anticoagulation therapy. Other causes were reported only as case reports. CT diagnostics has some typical features in an intramural haematoma of the small bowel. This is especially hyperdensity of the bowel wall during the first 10 days from the onset of symptoms (30-80 HU), which could contribute to the differentiation from other infiltrative processes. These features are fully expressed only in a certain part of patients. We reported a 54 year-old female treated for epigastric pain. The patient's history, laboratory data, ultrasonography and CT findings resulted in a mistaken diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, necrosis of the pancreatic body with a subsequent development of pancreatic pseudocyst. The CT guided drainage was performed. The correct diagnosis was made one year later--surgical treatment was indicated for clinical signs of GI obstruction and CT findings of pseudocyst recurrence. During the operation, there was a finding of intramural haematoma in the duodenojejunal border. We performed an evacuation of the haematoma and gastroenteroanastomosis.     

Pancreatic-induced intramural duodenal haematoma

Spontaneous intramural duodenal haematoma (IDH) is an uncommon pathology and it is usually related to anticoagulant therapy. Other causes include various pancreatic diseases, connective tissue disease, peptic ulcer disease and pancreaticoduodenal aneurysm. IDH of pancreatic origin has been infrequently reported. The disease course can be life-threatening and serious complications may occur, including gastric outlet obstruction, duodenal perforation and septicaemia. A case of pancreatic-induced IDH is presented, for which pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed as definitive treatment. In general, medical treatment with continuous nasogastric aspiration and total parenteral nutrition is recommended as initial management strategy. Surgical interventions (evacuation of blood clot or surgical resection) are reserved for patients in whom medical treatment fails or complications occur.     

Delayed duodenal intramural hematoma with obstruction

An intramural duodenal hematoma with duodenal obstruction is usually a complication of blunt abdominal trauma, endoscopic biopsy, or peptic ulcer disease. Possible management strategies include conservative treatment, surgical evacuation, and percutaneous or endoscopic drainage. We report on a 40-year-old man with a remote history of trauma who presented with vomiting for 3 days. At surgery, he was found to have an intramural duodenal hematoma causing obstruction.     

Traumatic Duodenal Rupture and Avulsion of the Ampulla of Vater

Duodenal injury following blunt abdominal trauma is uncommon. The severity of injury can vary from an intramural haematoma to a duodenal rupture with associated transection of the pancreatic duct. A case of duodenal rupture with avulsion of the ampulla of Vater is presented and discussed.     

Adult duodenal webs. A difficult diagnosis

Intestinal obstruction in adults caused by congenital duodenal webs is uncommon. Roentgenographic and endoscopic diagnosis is difficult owing to frequently nonspecific roentgenographic findings and the obliteration of normal pyloric endoscopic anatomy. The ultimate diagnosis of this lesion is likely to be made at the time of cellotomy for suspected obstructing peptic ulcer disease with the observation of an unobstructed pylorus. We studied three recent cases and reviewed the pertinent literature, which demonstrated problems associated with preoperative and surgical diagnosis and management. Diagnosis of duodenal webs should be suspected in all patients with gastric or high duodenal obstruction and investigated by digital duodenal exploration at the time of surgery.     

Stenosis of the major duodenal papilla

Endoscopic retrograde cholecystocholangiopancreatography and subsequent manometry in 1,018 patients with diseases of the biliary tract showed signs of stenosis of the major duodenal stenosis in the absence of concrements in the biliary system in 25 (2.45%) of them. On the basis of the results of such examination and the clinical and laboratory findings, the authors suggest that patients with benign stenosis of the major duodenal papilla should be divided into two groups: Group 1, with compensated stenosis and Group 2, with decompensated stenosis of the major duodenal papilla. Depending on the degree of the stenosis, they suggest the following endoscopic organ-preserving surgical interventions: endoscopic papillomyotomy and sparing endoscopic papillosphincterotomy.     

Laparoscopic excision of duodenal schwannoma

Background Benign duodenal tumours are rare and less common than malignant tumours. They comprise a wide variety of pathologies. Schwannoma is an ectodermal neoplasm arising from the nerve sheath that envelops axons. A duodenal location is extremely rare. Therapy consists in the radical excision of the tumour. Our aim was to describe a minimally invasive technique used for the excision of duodenal schwannoma, so that a laparotomy has been avoided. Methods A laparoscopic operation under general anaesthesia was undertaken with the patient in supine position with the legs abducted. No macroscopic peritoneal seedling was found. Therefore, a laparoscopic Kocher maneuver was performed. The retroperitoneum was entered using the harmonic scalpel and the dissection extended beyond the vena cava and the duodenum. The location and the size of the lesion have been confirmed using an intraoperative endoscopic ultrasound examination. The excision of the lesion was performed by use the harmonic scalpel. Then, the duodenal wall was sutured by use endoscopic stitches. The resected lesion was then placed in a retrieval bag and extracted through the port incision. Operating time was 300 min and blood loss 200 ml. Results The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological findings showed a benign schwannoma. Conclusions The minimally invasive technique may be a valid alternative to open surgery in the treatment of benign duodenal tumors. Electronic supplementary material to this article is available at and accessible for authorized users.     

Traumatic duodenal necrosis with peri-ampullary duodenal detachment

Isolated duodenal injury in blunt abdominal trauma is unusual. Diagnosis requires a complete exploration of the abdominal cavity. The authors present a rare case of disruption and necrosis of the second duodenum with periampullary duodenal detachment.     

The giant duodenal ulcer syndrome

Thirteen patients with giant duodenal ulcer manifested with a distinct clinical syndrome. The condition has a characteristic clinical, radiological and endoscopic presentation. It is associated with a high mortality when treated medically, and constitutes a definite indication for surgery. The giant duodenal ulcer forms a high proportion of duodenal ulcers in a recently urbanized Black community, and may be one of the dramatic and significant presentations of this disease in the developing countries.     

外伤性十二指肠损伤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨提高十二指肠损伤的早期诊断率和合适的治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析４０例十二指肠损伤患者的临床资料。结果 ４０例中３２例（８０％）为严重多发伤。致伤原因以挤压伤,撞击伤为主,占８２．５％。全部经手术治疗：行十二指肠修补术２４例,空肠十二指肠Ｒｏｕｘ－ｅｎ－Ｙ吻合术８例,十二指肠改良憩室化手术６例,改良憩室化再简化手术２例,治愈３５例,死亡５例,死亡原因为多脏器损伤,创伤性休克及十二指肠瘘,感     

Surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer

The medical and endoscopic treatment of duodenal ulcer are decreasing the frequency of surgical treatment in this disease. The authors study the operations performed for duodenal ulcer within the period 1989-1999 in the County Hospital Baia Mare. The decrease of the rate of surgical interventions is the pure effect of the medical treatment, as long as the endoscopic treatment is not yet available in our service. The rate of ulcer--induced perforations remained, however, unmodified (48% of total operatory indications), as well as the postoperative morbidity and--mortality (18% respectively 9%). The last category seems not to be influenced by the type of chosen surgical procedure, but by the patient's age, duration of the disease, and associated pathology.     

Recent experiences with duodenal trauma

In a 10-year period ending December 1983, 56 patients with duodenal injuries were treated at Vanderbilt University and Metropolitan Nashville General Hospitals. Most injuries consisted of isolated duodenal lacerations or perforations (37), five patients had duodenal hematomas, and 14 patients had injuries involving the duodenum, pancreas, ampulla, and/or common bile duct. Most injuries were successfully managed with suture repair. The Whipple procedure was necessary in five cases. Overall morbidity was 39.2 per cent, but complications directly related to the duodenal injury occurred in only six patients (10.7%). Only three patients died (5.3%). Excellent results can be achieved even with extensive duodenal injuries by the use of careful debridement and primary closure. When injuries to the duodenum are associated with injury to the ampulla of Vater, the head of the pancreas, or the common bile duct, a Whipple procedure is usually necessary. It has not been necessary to employ duodenal bypass or diverticulization.     

十二指肠损伤的诊断和术式选择

目的　提高十二指肠损伤的早期诊断率和选择合适的手术方法。方法　通过分析1987～ 2 0 0 1年 2 0例十二指肠损伤的临床资料 ,进行经验总结。结果　治愈 17例 ,死亡 3例 ,死亡原因为十二指肠瘘、胰瘘和多器官功能衰竭 ,十二指肠瘘、胰瘘、腹腔脓肿是主要并发症。结论　十二指肠损伤的早期诊断和及时手术处理是非常重要的。十二指肠修补和改良十二指肠憩室化是比较实用的手术     

十二指肠损伤的临床诊断与治疗

目的 提高十二指肠损伤的诊断与治疗水平。方法 回顾性分析32例十二指肠损伤的临床资料。结果 仅1例术前明确诊断,另3例术前诊断十二指肠损伤可能,其余均手术探查确诊。本组病例均经手术治疗,治愈28例（87．5％）,死亡4例（12．5％）。结论 简单而合理的手术方式是治疗十二指肠损伤的重要措施。注重早期诊断。加强术中探查,强调术后引流及营养支持的重要性,可提高治愈率。