持续被动运动治疗脑卒中后肩痛的临床研究

目的 观察持续被动运动（CPM）治疗脑卒中后肩痛的疗效。方法 脑卒中患者44例分成对照组和观察组，对照组给予综合康复治疗（包括良肢位摆放、主被动运动训练），观察组在此基础上给予CPM治疗，通过目测类比评分法（VAS）、Fugl-Meyer（FM）上肢功能评分法和功能独立性评测（FIM）评定治疗效果，并进行统计学分析。结果 两组患者治疗前的FM、FIM、VAS评分较治疗后均有明显改善，而观察组治疗后的VAS评分显著优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 CPM治疗脑卒中后肩痛有显著协同作用，可提高疗效。     

棍棒操预防脑卒中后肩—手综合征的临床疗效

目的探讨自编的棍棒操防治脑卒中后肩-手综合征的临床疗效。方法将100 例脑卒中早期上肢处于Brunnstrom Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,同时未出现肩痛、手肿患者,随机分为观察组(n=50)和对照组(n=50),两组均进行常规康复治疗,观察组在此基础上结合棍棒操,30 d 为1 个疗程。比较两组治疗前、治疗2 个疗程后肩痛的发生率、肩关节主动活动范围、上肢运动功能以及日常生活活动能力(ADL)。结果治疗前两组各项指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗2 个疗程后观察组肩关节的主动活动范围、上肢运动功能评分、ADL 均显著高于对照组(P<0.001),肩痛的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论自编的棍棒操能降低脑卒中后患者肩痛的发生,改善肩关节活动度,提高上肢功能,最终提高患者ADL,有效地预防脑卒中后肩-手综合征的发生。     

动作观察疗法对亚急性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:探讨动作观察疗法对亚急性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法:将31例脑卒中患者按随机数字表法分为观察组(16例)和对照组(15例)。对照组采用常规康复治疗,观察组在对照组基础上辅以动作观察疗法,每周6次,每次20min,共治疗4周。分别于治疗前、治疗4周后对两组患者采用上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分法(FMA)并使用量角器对肩关节前屈、肘关节伸展和腕背伸主动活动度进行测量,以评定患者的上肢运动功能;并分别检测治疗前后FMA与肩关节前屈、肘关节伸展和腕背伸主动活动度之间的相关性。结果:治疗前,两组患者的FMA评分及肩关节前屈、肘关节伸展和腕背伸主动活动度评定差异无显著性意义(P0.05);治疗4周后,两组患者上述指标较治疗前均有所改善(P0.05),且与对照组相比,观察组的FMA评分(44.81±8.86)、肩关节前屈(150.88°±21.32°)、肘关节伸展(135.56°±17.22°)主动活动度的改善程度显著(P0.05);两组患者,除治疗后的对照组FMA评分与肩关节主动前屈活动度、FMA评分与肘关节主动伸展活动度不相关(P0.05)外,其余FMA评分均与肩关节主动前屈活动度、肘关节主动伸展活动度及腕主动背伸活动度之间存在正相关性(P0.05)。结论:基于镜像神经元理论的动作观察疗法可改善亚急性期脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能,且FMA与肩关节前屈、肘关节伸展和腕背伸主动活动度存在相关性。     

浮针灌注疗法联合关节松动术对脑卒中偏瘫肩痛的影响

目的:观察浮针灌注疗法联合关节松动术对脑卒中偏瘫肩痛的影响。方法:选取2019年2—12月在山东省立第三医院康复医学科住院治疗的脑卒中偏瘫肩痛患者90例,按随机数字表法分为对照组、浮针组和综合组,每组30例。对照组仅给予常规康复训练,包括良肢位摆放、预防二次损伤、主动或助动的功能锻炼、低频电刺激、上肢日常生活活动能力模拟训练等,25 min/次,1次/d,5次/周,持续治疗4周。浮针组在对照组基础上给予浮针灌注治疗,肩关节前部疼痛明显时,患肌一般在肘关节远心端5 cm处,肩关节中间或后侧疼痛明显时,患肌一般在三角肌后下缘附近;以患肌作为进针点,针尖朝向肩关节,针体刺入疏松结缔组织后进行弧形扫散,频率100次/min,每组扫散1 min,每次做3组;每组扫散后要求患者主动或助动活动肩关节10次,活动方向和范围以引起轻度疼痛为佳,留针24 h,2次/周,持续治疗4周。综合组在浮针组基础上给予肩关节松动治疗,25 min/次,1次/d,5次/周,肩关节松动治疗先以1~2级手法改善肩关节疼痛,再以3~4级手法松解粘连,包括沿长轴分离和牵拉肩关节以缓解疼痛,滑动以松解关节囊,摆动以维持和扩大关节活动度,采取达到而不超过痛点的原则,每种手法重复3~4次。于治疗前、治疗4周后,分别采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评定肩关节疼痛程度,采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分量表(FMA)评定上肢运动功能,采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定日常生活活动能力,采用量角器测量患者肩关节被动关节活动度(PROM)。结果:治疗前,3组VAS评分、FMA评分、MBI评分和肩关节PROM比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,3组治疗4周后VAS评分明显降低,FMA评分、MBI评分和肩关节PROM均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,浮针组和综合组的VAS评分明显降低,FMA评分、MBI评分和肩关节PROM均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与浮针组比较,综合组VAS评分明显更低,FMA、MBI评分和肩关节PROM均明显更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:浮针灌注疗法联合关节松动术能有效减轻脑卒中后偏瘫肩痛,改善上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力,值得临床推广。     

Poststroke shoulder pain: its relationship to motor impairment, activity limitation, and quality of life

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between poststroke shoulder pain, upper-limb motor impairment, activity limitation, and pain-related quality of life (QOL). DESIGN: Cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from a multisite clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation clinics of 7 academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 61 chronic stroke survivors with poststroke shoulder pain and glenohumeral subluxation. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured poststroke shoulder pain with the Brief Pain Inventory question 12 (BPI 12), a self-reported 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) that assesses "worst pain" in the last 7 days. Motor impairment was measured with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Activity limitation was measured with the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT) and the FIM instrument. Pain-related QOL was measured with BPI question 23, a self-reported 11-point NRS that assesses pain interference with general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, interpersonal relationships, sleep, and enjoyment of life. RESULTS: Stepwise regression analyses indicated that poststroke shoulder pain is associated with the BPI 23, but not with the FMA, FIM, or AMAT scores. CONCLUSIONS: Poststroke shoulder pain is associated with reduced QOL, but not with motor impairment or activity limitation.     

持续被动运动治疗膝关节功能障碍的疗效观察

目的　观察膝部骨折术后膝关节功能障碍患者运用持续被动运动的疗效。方法　将 3 6例膝部骨折术后膝关节功能障碍患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组以膝关节持续被动运动为主 ,辅以综合康复治疗 ;对照组只接受辅助的综合康复治疗。结果　所有病例治疗后膝关节活动范围、疼痛均较治疗前明显好转 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗组膝关节活动范围大于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　采用持续被动运动并辅以综合康复治疗是治疗膝部骨折术后膝关节功能障碍的有效方法。     

Percutaneous intramuscular neuromuscular electric stimulation for the treatment of shoulder subluxation and pain in patients with chronic hemiplegia: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of percutaneous intramuscular neuromuscular electric stimulation (perc-NMES) for treating shoulder subluxation and pain in patients with chronic hemiplegia. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: University-affiliated tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 8 neurologically stable subjects with chronic hemiplegia and shoulder subluxation. INTERVENTION: Six weeks of perc-NMES to the subluxated shoulder. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Shoulder subluxation (radiograph), shoulder pain (Brief Pain Inventory), motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer score), shoulder pain-free external rotation (handheld goniometer), and disability (FIM instrument) were assessed before treatment (T1), after 6 weeks of neuromuscular stimulation (T2), and at 3-month follow-up (T3). A 1-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance using the generalized estimating equation approach was used to evaluate differences from T1 to T2 and from T1 to T3 for all outcome measures. RESULTS: Subluxation (p =.0117), pain (p =.0115), shoulder pain-free external rotation (p <.0001), and disability (p =.0044) improved significantly from T1 to T2. Subluxation (p =.0066), pain (p =.0136), motor impairment (p <.0001), shoulder pain-free external rotation (p =.0234), and disability (p =.0152) improved significantly from T1 to T3. CONCLUSIONS: Perc-NMES is feasible for treating shoulder dysfunction in hemiplegia and may reduce shoulder subluxation, reduce pain, improve range of motion, enhance motor recovery, and reduce disability in patients with chronic hemiplegia and shoulder subluxation. Further investigation is warranted.     

Outcomes of the Bobath concept on upper limb recovery following stroke

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the Bobath concept at reducing upper limb impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions after stroke. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant trials published between 1966 and 2003. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for the following inclusion criteria: population of adults with upper limb disability after stroke; stated use of the Bobath concept aimed at improving upper limb disability in isolation from other approaches; outcomes reflecting changes in upper limb impairment, activity limitation or participation restriction. RESULTS: Of the 688 articles initially identified, eight met the inclusion criteria. Five were randomized controlled trials, one used a single-group crossover design and two were single-case design studies. Five studies measured impairments including shoulder pain, tone, muscle strength and motor control. The Bobath concept was found to reduce shoulder pain better than cryotherapy, and to reduce tone compared to no intervention and compared to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). However, no difference was detected for changes in tone between the Bobath concept and a functional approach. Differences did not reach significance for measures of muscle strength and motor control. Six studies measured activity limitations, none of these found the Bobath concept was superior to other therapy approaches. Two studies measured changes in participation restriction and both found equivocal results. CONCLUSIONS: Comparisons of the Bobath concept with other approaches do not demonstrate superiority of one approach over the other at improving upper limb impairment, activity or participation. However, study limitations relating to methodological quality, the outcome measures used and contextual factors investigated limit the ability to draw conclusions. Future research should use sensitive upper limb measures, trained Bobath therapists and homogeneous samples to identify the influence of patient factors on the response to therapy approaches.     

功能性肌力训练在痉挛型脑瘫儿童中的应用

目的:观察功能性、闭链的肌力训练对痉挛型脑瘫儿童下肢的运动功能及步行能力的影响。方法:痉挛型脑瘫患儿20例,根据年龄、痉挛分型、运动功能评分进行配对,每对随机分成治疗组和对照组,对照组进行常规的神经发育技术治疗,治疗组在此基础上进行功能性肌力训练,治疗前和治疗6周后评估两组脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能、肌张力、关节活动度、步行能力。结果:治疗组粗大运动功能C、D、E区得分高于对照组(C区58.69±12.85,D区49.74±19.38,E区33.50±17.13,P<0.05),步行能力的改善优于对照组(10m步行时间13.90±5.28s,1min步行距离43.0±12.5m,P<0.05),关节活动度的改善大于对照组(踝背屈角度13.9±3.8°,P<0.05),而肌张力没有明显增加(肌张力平均秩10.50,P>0.05)。结论:功能性下肢肌力训练计划有助于改善脑瘫患儿的运动功能。     

等速肌力训练对偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响

目的:研究等速肌力训练结合偏瘫肢体综合运动疗法对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能恢复的影响。方法:选择恢复期脑卒中偏瘫患者40例,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组接受常规偏瘫肢体综合运动疗法、作业治疗、ADL训练以及传统物理因子治疗等对症治疗;观察组在此基础上另外配合偏瘫上肢等速肌力训练。干预前后分别使用BIODEX system-3等速肌力测试系统检测肩屈伸生物力学指标,Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)评分上肢部分,改良Ashworth痉挛量表评分,NRS数字疼痛量表(NRS)评分来评定患侧上肢的运动功能、肌张力及疼痛。结果:经过3周治疗,2组患者肩屈伸生物力学指标、FMA上肢运动功能评分、NRS疼痛评分均较前有显著改善,且观察组优于对照组(P0.05);2组患者肌张力均较前改善,但治疗前后差异无统计学意义。结论:等速肌力训练可增强脑卒中偏瘫患者肩关节屈伸肌力,且不会加剧肌肉痉挛和肩关节疼痛,有效促进脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的改善。     

脑卒中后肩部问题

脑卒中后常见的肩部问题包括:肩关节半脱位、肩手综合征和肩痛。(1)肩关节半脱位治疗包括:矫正肩胛骨的位置,恢复肩原有的锁定机制;刺激肩关节周围固定肌的活动及张力;在不损伤关节及其周围结构的前提下,保持肩关节无痛性的全范围被动活动。(2)肩-手综合征治疗主要是减轻水肿和疼痛,改善手、腕关节的活动度。(3)肩痛的治疗包括改善肩胛骨活动度、体位摆放、增加被动活动度及指导患者采用正确的肩关节运动来逐步改善患者的症状。     

The long-term outcome of arm function after stroke: results of a follow-up study

Purpose: To assess the long-term motor and functional recovery of arm function after stroke. Design: Cohort study. Subjects: Fifty-four patients with a first stroke, who underwent inpatient rehabilitation, were measured early after stroke, after 16 weeks and after 4 years. Measures: Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FM, upper extremity), Action Research Arm Test (ARA), Barthel Index, Arm Function Questionnaire, shoulder pain and range of motion, sensory function, Ashworth Scale and a perceived problem score. Results: Although most of the improvement occurred during the first 16 weeks after stroke, improvement in the FM score continued after 16 weeks in 10 patients. In 13 patients the recovery of arm function only started after 16 weeks. After 4 years a fair to good recovery of arm motor function (FM score 20) was found in 31 patients. Twenty-seven patients had fair to good functional abilities of the hemiplegic arm (ARA 25). Submaximal ARA scores for the unaffected arm were found in 11 patients. Barthel scores 60 were found in 52 patients. Serious shoulder pain persisted in 11 patients. Intact sensory function was found in only 14 patients. It was associated with good motor recovery (FM score 35 in 11 patients). Loss of arm function was perceived as a major problem by 36 patients. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the recovery of arm function after stroke over a period of 4 years. It is encouraging to note that even after 16 weeks improvement still occurred in some patients. However, considerable long-term loss of arm function, associated disability and perceived problems were found. There is an obvious need to develop effective treatment methods for hemiplegic arm function.     

The long-term outcome of arm function after stroke: results of a follow-up study

Purpose: To assess the long-term motor and functional recovery of arm function after stroke. Design: Cohort study. Subjects: Fifty-four patients with a first stroke, who underwent inpatient rehabilitation, were measured early after stroke, after 16 weeks and after 4 years. Measures: Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FM, upper extremity), Action Research Arm Test (ARA), Barthel Index, Arm Function Questionnaire, shoulder pain and range of motion, sensory function, Ashworth Scale and a perceived problem score. Results: Although most of the improvement occurred during the first 16 weeks after stroke, improvement in the FM score continued after 16 weeks in 10 patients. In 13 patients the recovery of arm function only started after 16 weeks. After 4 years a fair to good recovery of arm motor function (FM score 20) was found in 31 patients. Twenty-seven patients had fair to good functional abilities of the hemiplegic arm (ARA 25). Submaximal ARA scores for the unaffected arm were found in 11 patients. Barthel scores 60 were found in 52 patients. Serious shoulder pain persisted in 11 patients. Intact sensory function was found in only 14 patients. It was associated with good motor recovery (FM score 35 in 11 patients). Loss of arm function was perceived as a major problem by 36 patients. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the recovery of arm function after stroke over a period of 4 years. It is encouraging to note that even after 16 weeks improvement still occurred in some patients. However, considerable long-term loss of arm function, associated disability and perceived problems were found. There is an obvious need to develop effective treatment methods for hemiplegic arm function.     

Effects of robotic therapy on motor impairment and recovery in chronic stroke

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether robotic therapy can reduce motor impairment and enhance recovery of the hemiparetic arm in persons with chronic stroke. DESIGN: Pre-posttest design. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital, outpatient care. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of 20 persons diagnosed with a single, unilateral stroke within the past 1 to 5 years, with persistent hemiparesis. INTERVENTIONS: Robotic therapy was provided 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Subjects able to reach robot targets were randomly assigned to sensorimotor or progressive-resistive robotic therapy groups. Robotic therapy consisted of goal-directed, planar reaching tasks to exercise the hemiparetic shoulder and elbow. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer test of upper-extremity function, Motor Status Scale (MSS) score, and Medical Research Council motor power score. RESULTS: Evaluations by a single blinded therapist revealed statistically significant gains from admission to discharge (P<.05) on the Fugl-Meyer test, MSS score, and motor power score. Secondary analyses revealed group differences: the progressive-resistive therapy group experienced nonspecific improvements on wrist and hand MSS scores that were not observed in the sensorimotor group. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic therapy may complement other treatment approaches by reducing motor impairment in persons with moderate to severe chronic impairments.     

Conservative treatment for shoulder pain: prognostic indicators of outcome

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the long-term clinical outcome and to identify factors that predict that outcome, after conservative treatment of patients who have shoulder pain with or without accompanying stiffness. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-two subjects who had participated in a randomized controlled trial that compared the short-term effectiveness of conservative treatment for chronic, unilateral shoulder pain of mechanical origin with and without accompanying stiffness, and who were available for longer term follow-up 6 months after the cessation of formal treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Conservative treatment consisting of various combinations of exercise therapy, passive joint mobilization, electrophysical modalities, and corticosteroid injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain intensity, functional limitation, perceived change in symptoms, active range of motion, muscle force, and clinical and demographic variables. RESULTS: Patients showed significant improvement in all outcome measurements in the long-term whether or not their shoulder pain was accompanied by stiffness. Long-term outcome was not predicted by hand dominance, clinical history of the shoulder condition, severity of the shoulder problem, or shoulder mechanics. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic shoulder pain, with or without accompanying stiffness, can expect significant decreases in shoulder pain and improvements in shoulder function in the long term after conservative treatment.     

Short-duration robotic therapy in stroke patients with severe upper-limb motor impairment

Chronic motor deficits in the upper limb (UL) are a major contributor to disability following stroke. This study investigated the effect of short-duration robot-assisted therapy on motor impairment, as measured by clinical scales and robot-derived performance measures in patients with chronic, severe UL impairments after stroke. As part of a larger study, 15 individuals with chronic, severe UL paresis (Fugl-Meyer < 15) after stroke (minimum 6 mo postonset) performed 18 sessions of robot-assisted UL rehabilitation that consisted of goal-directed planar reaching tasks over a period of 3 weeks. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the Motor Power Assessment, the Wolf Motor Function Test, the Stroke Impact Scale, and five robot-derived measures that reflect motor control (aiming error, mean speed, peak speed, mean:peak speed ratio, and movement duration). Robot-assisted training produced statistically significant improvements from baseline to posttreatment in the Fugl-Meyer and Motor Power Assessment scores and the quality of motion (quantified by a reduction in aiming error and movement duration with an increase in mean speed and mean:peak speed ratio). Our findings indicate that robot-assisted UL rehabilitation can reduce UL impairment and improve motor control in patients with severe UL paresis from chronic stroke.     

Arthrographic and clinical findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain

OBJECTIVES: To identify the etiology of hemiplegic shoulder pain by arthrographic and clinical examinations and to determine the correlation between arthrographic measurements and clinical findings in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Medical center of a 1582-bed teaching institution in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain within a 1-year period after first stroke were recruited. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical examinations included Brunnstrom stage, muscle spasticity distribution, presence or absence of subluxation and shoulder-hand syndrome, and passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint. Arthrographic measurements included shoulder joint volume and capsular morphology. RESULTS: Most patients had onset of hemiplegic shoulder pain less than 2 months after stroke. Adhesive capsulitis was the main cause of shoulder pain, with 50% of patients having adhesive capsulitis, 44% having shoulder subluxation, 22% having rotator cuff tears, and 16% having shoulder-hand syndrome. Patients with adhesive capsulitis showed significant restriction of passive shoulder external rotation and abduction and a higher incidence of shoulder-hand syndrome (P=.017). Those with irregular capsular margins had significantly longer shoulder pain duration and more restricted passive shoulder flexion (P=.017) and abduction (P=.020). Patients with shoulder subluxation had significantly larger PROM (flexion, P=.007; external rotation, P<.001; abduction, P=.001; internal rotation, P=.027), lower muscle tone (P=.001), and lower Brunnstrom stages of the proximal upper extremity (P=.025) and of the distal upper extremity (P=.001). Muscle spasticity of the upper extremity was slightly negatively correlated with shoulder PROM. Shoulder joint volume was moderately positively correlated with shoulder PROM. CONCLUSIONS: After investigating the hemiplegic shoulder joint through clinical and arthrographic examinations, we found that the causes of hemiplegic shoulder pain are complicated. Adhesive capsulitis was the leading cause of shoulder pain, followed by shoulder subluxation. Greater PROM of the shoulder joint, associated with larger joint volume, decreased the occurrence of adhesive capsulitis. Proper physical therapy and cautious handling of stroke patients to preserve shoulder mobility and function during early rehabilitation are important for a good outcome.     

超声引导下复方倍他米松和盐酸利多卡因注射对脑卒中后肩关节疼痛的改善作用

  目的  分析超声引导下复方倍他米松和盐酸利多卡因注射对脑卒中后肩关节疼痛的改善作用。  方法  选取2020年1月~ 2021年6月于本院治疗的60例脑卒中后肩关节疼痛患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为治疗组和对照组,30例/ 组。对照组在常规康复治疗基础上进行徒手定位药物注射治疗;治疗组在常规康复治疗基础上进行超声引导下复方倍他米松和盐酸利多卡因注射。观察比较两组患者治疗前后疼痛程度、肩关节活动度、上肢功能运动情况和不良反应发生情况。  结果  治疗2周、4周后,治疗组患者视觉模拟评分低于对照组患者（P < 0.05）,肩关节前屈、外展、外旋活动度大于对照组患者（P < 0.05）,Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表上肢部分评分高于对照组患者（P < 0.05）;两组患者不良反应总发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。  结论  相较于徒手定位药物注射治疗,超声引导下复方倍他米松和盐酸利多卡因注射对脑卒中后肩关节疼痛患者疼痛改善效果更为明显,可有效改善肩关节活动度和上肢运动功能。      

Predictability of simple clinical tests to identify shoulder pain after stroke

OBJECTIVE: To identify simple diagnostic musculoskeletal tests that can be performed early after stroke to predict patients' likelihood of reporting early signs of hemiplegic shoulder pain. DESIGN: Case control. SETTING: Multicenter acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 152 adults after a first episode of stroke, of whom 135 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty patients were assigned to the experimental group because they reported moderate intensity of hemiplegic shoulder pain at rest. The remaining 105 patients made up the control group. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Therapists measured the performance of combined upper-limb movement including the hand-behind-neck (HBN) maneuver, passive pain-free ranges of shoulder motion, 3 musculoskeletal tests, and the strength of deltoid muscles during each patient's hospital stay. The numeric rating scale (NRS) identified those who reported moderate or greater intensities of hemiplegic shoulder pain during rest and during assessment. RESULTS: In our study, 22.2% (95% confidence interval, 15.5-30.2) of the patients reported hemiplegic shoulder pain, on average 1 week after the onset of stroke. Positive Neer test (NRS score >or=5) during the HBN maneuver and a difference of more than 10 degrees of passive range of external rotation between shoulders had a 98% probability of predicting the presence of hemiplegic shoulder pain (receiver operating characteristic, .994; sensitivity, 96.7%; specificity, 99.0%; positive predictive value, 96.7%; negative predictive value, 99.0%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three diagnostic clinical tests that can be performed during a bedside evaluation increase the likelihood of determining those who complain of hemiplegic shoulder pain after an acute episode of stroke.     

Efficacy of continuous passive motion (CPM) devices with hand burns

Ten patients with bilateral (deep second-degree and/or third-degree) hand burns requiring excision and grafting were included in a prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of continuous passive motion (CPM) with burned hands. The purpose of the study was to evaluate: 1) if CPM is a useful alternative to supervised OT/PT for burned hands; 2) which patient populations benefit from CPM intervention; 3) if CPM use has deleterious effects on new grafts; and 4) what effect CPM has on hand pain. Eight hands in the control group and eight hands in the experimental group regained normal total active motion (TAMs) in an average of nine days (range three to 22 days). Two hands with tendon involvement in each group remained impaired at discharge. No patients suffered graft loss attributable to range of motion. Both groups reported only minimal pain during exercise.