家庭暴力施暴者的社会支持和家庭功能

目的探讨家庭男性躯体施暴者的社会支持和家庭功能,为进一步干预家庭暴力提供帮助。方法采用病例对照研究,对156例社区家庭男性躯体施暴者和44例社区正常对照组用社会支持量表和家庭功能问卷进行评定。结果家庭暴力男性躯体施暴者主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度和社会支持总分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);他们父亲的惩罚、严厉,过分干涉,拒绝、否认和过分保护养育方式分值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论家庭暴力男性躯体施暴者有较少的社会支持和较多家庭功能问题。     

中学生自尊、社会支持与手机游戏沉迷关系

目的 探讨中学生自尊、社会支持与手机游戏沉迷的现状,并检验社会支持的中介作用,为降低中学生手机游戏沉迷程度提供参考。方法 整群随机抽取2 307名中学生为研究对象,采用自尊量表（SES）、青少年社会支持量表与手机游戏沉迷量表进行调查,并运用描述统计、相关分析、回归分析、结构方程模型检验进行分析。结果 中学生自尊、社会支持与手机游戏沉迷的评分分别为（29.01±5.74）分、（63.75±11.89）分、（61.01±19.84）分;其中,手机游戏重度沉迷、中度沉迷、轻度沉迷或不沉迷所占比例分别为8.50%、62.72%、28.78%。中学生自尊与手机游戏沉迷各维度及总评分均呈负相关（r=-0.33~-0.21,P均<0.01）;除了参与时长、参与习惯外,社会支持各维度及总评分与手机游戏沉迷其他维度及总评分均呈负相关（r=-0.28~-0.12,P<0.05或0.01）;自尊与社会支持各维度及总评分均呈正相关（r=0.11~0.26,P均<0.01）。自尊、社会支持各维度与总评分均能负向预测手机游戏沉迷（β=-1.49~-0.21,t=-10.10~-2.36,P<0.05或0.01）,自尊能正向预测社会支持（β=0.19,t=3.20,P<0.01）;中学生社会支持在自尊与手机游戏沉迷之间存在部分中介效应,检验模型的参数如下：χ²/df=4.36,GFI=0.89,AGFI=0.90,NFI=0.91,CFI=0.93,IFI=0.86,RMSEA=0.078。结论 中学生自尊与社会支持均处于中等偏上水平;手机游戏沉迷各程度分布不均匀,中度沉迷者占大多数。中学生自尊水平越高,社会支持状况越好,则手机游戏沉迷程度越轻。中学生自尊水平既可以直接影响手机游戏沉迷,也可以通过社会支持间接影响手机游戏沉迷。     

社会支持与精神紧张：100例神经症病例对照研究

评定100例神经症患者病前社会支持和精神紧张状况并与正常人对照,发现:1.患者组精神紧张水平较高。社会支持状况较差,两者呈负相关;而正常组两者间的相关无意义。2.患者组负性事件年频度与社会支持总分呈负相关,而正常组呈正相关。3.重大事件年频度相近时,患者组得到的社会支持少于正常人;而得到的实际支持相近时,患者组体验到的支持也不及对照组。表明:在神经症患者,社会支持与精神紧张之间的相关关系不同常人,而这可能与发病有关。     

心理干预对艾滋病人自尊及社会支持的影响

目的研究心理干预对艾滋病人自尊以及社会支持的影响。方法使用自尊量表(SES)筛查并评价艾滋病人的自尊,用社会支持量表评价其社会支持,使用团体心理干预方法结合个体辅导对低自尊艾滋病人进行心理干预。结果自尊分在心理干预前后差异有统计学意义(P=0.02),客观支持分在心理干预前后差异有统计学意义(P=0.03),治疗组自尊量表差值与客观支持分量表差值有较高相关性(r=0.78)。结论整合的心理干预方法可以提高艾滋病人自尊水平。     

男性青少年违法犯罪者社会支持与心理健康的研究

目的 研究男性青少年违法犯罪者的社会支持与心理健康及其相关关系,为预防和矫正青少年违法犯罪提供参考依据.方法 采用本教研室自编的青少年违法犯罪自评量表、症状自评量表、社会支持量表及领悟社会支持量表对300名随机抽取的男性青少年违法犯罪者进行测试,并采用SPSS11.0软件包进行处理.结果 青少年违法犯罪者SCL总分为196.10±53.51,总均分为2.18±0.59,所有因子得分均比全国常模高,且具有统计学差异.社会支持方面,社会支持总分为29.57±5.09,主观、客观支持及对支持的利用度得分分别为16.92±3.37,5.88±1.95,6.77±2.08.领悟社会支持方面社会总支持53.21±9.77、朋友支持17.00±4.29、家庭支持18.36±4.34、其他支持17.84±4.29.心理健康各因子与大部分领悟社会支持因子、社会支持因子之间呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).结论 总体上,男性青少年违法犯罪者心理健康较全国常模严重,社会支持水平相对较低,且心理健康与社会支持及领悟社会支持之间呈负相关.提高社会支持及领悟社会支持的水平都将能有效的改善青少年违法犯罪者的心理健康水平.     

农村精神分裂症患者照料者的社会支持和生活质量研究

目的探讨农村精神分裂症患者照料者的社会支持和生活质量的相关因素.方法用社会支持量表(SSRS)、世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表中文版(WHOQOL-100)的26条目版本,对108名精神分裂症患者照料者及108名对照者(11匹配)进行评定分析.结果照料者的社会支持(除客观支持)和生活质量各领域均差于对照组(P＜0.05);逐步回归分析表明,照料者生活质量主要受其主观社会支持(偏回归系数β=0.296,P＜0.01)和病人SDSS总分(偏回归系数β=-0.286,P＜0.01)影响.结论社会对精神病患者照料者的理解、支持和精神卫生知识的普及非常重要.     

团体认知行为治疗对脑卒中后抑郁社会支持与自尊的影响

本研究探讨团体认知行为(G-CBT)对卒中后抑郁的影响,旨在为临床治疗提供一定的方向. 1 对象和方法 选取在2018年至2019年自贡市精神卫生中心脑卒中后抑郁患者为研究对象.入组标准:符合中华医学会全国第四次脑血管病学术会议修订的诊断标准及美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》(DSM-5)关于抑郁症诊断标准;意识清楚.排...     

精神分裂症患者社会支持在自尊与自知力与治疗态度间的中介效应

目的探讨社区精神分裂症患者社会支持、自尊与自知力与治疗态度的关系,检验社会支持的中介效应。方法采用社会支持评定量表、自尊量表(SES)、自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ),对上海市宝山区17街镇160名社区精神分裂症患者进行问卷调查。结果 ?自尊与社会支持显著正相关(r=0.46,P<0.01),与自知力与治疗态度显著正相关(r=0.21,P<0.01),社会支持与自知力与治疗态度正相关显著(r=0.24,P<0.01)?自尊对自知力有明显的直接效应(β=0.211,P<0.01),社会支持的中介效应显著(β=0.180,P<0.05)。结论社会支持在精神分裂症患者的自尊与自知力与治疗态度间起完全中介作用。     

成年男性服刑人员神经质人格、人际关系敏感与社会支持的关系

目的了解成年男性服刑人员的神经质人格、人际关系敏感和社会支持的现状以及三者之间的关系,为对其进行有针对性的心理健康教育提供参考。方法于2017年5月-10月随机抽取山东省某市周边两所监狱中的244名成年男性服刑人员,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)调查其人际关系敏感状况、神经质人格特征和社会支持情况。结果①男性服刑人员EPQ神经质维度评分、SCL-90人际关系敏感评分、SSRS评分与全国常模比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-7.86～16.54,P均0.01)。②依次检验回归系数显示,成年男性服刑人员的人际关系敏感对社会支持的影响通过神经质人格实现[加入中介变量前(β=-0.164,P=0.034);加入后,(β=-0.237,P=0.133)]。结论成年男性服刑人员的神经质人格较为典型,人际关系较为敏感;神经质人格在社会支持和人际关系敏感中起中介作用。     

康复训练对男性海洛因依赖者应对方式和社会支持的影响

目的探索康复训练对男性海洛因依赖者的影响。方法对50名海洛因依赖者进行了至少4个月的康复训练,康复训练以海洛因依赖者的需求、所处的康复阶段及接受能力为中心,包括强化戒毒治疗动机、减少吸毒造成的危害、复吸预防等各种技能训练。康复训练前后测量应对方式和社会支持。结果康复训练后海洛因依赖者幻想、退避、自责等不成熟型应对方式分值下降,而求助的分值增加,社会支持增加。结论康复训练改善男性海洛因依赖者的社会支持和应对方式。     

Coping and psychological distress among symptomatic HIV+ men who have sex with men

This study evaluated relations among indicators of latent coping factors and psychological distress while incorporating measures of life stress and HIV illness related factors simultaneously among 211 symptomatic, HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants were all assessed at a single time point. A structural equations model with latent factors for approachoriented coping, avoidant-oriented coping, and psychological distress showed adequate fit. Furthermore, significant associations were identified among latent factors for approach-oriented coping, avoidance coping, and psychological distress; specifically, greater use of approach-oriented coping strategies and less use of avoidant-oriented coping were associated with lower levels of psychological distress. The model was revised to incorporate variables significantly associated with psychological distress (i.e., personal loss-total events, personal loss-controllability, and HIV-related symptoms). Relations among the coping and psychological distress latent factors remained significant. The results suggest that HIV+ MSM who do not have the coping skills or resources necessary to use adequate coping strategies to face the chronic burdens associated with HIV illness are likely to experience higher levels of psychological distress, independent of life stress and ongoing HIV-related symptoms. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, including PO1 MH49548, and T32 MH18917.     

Religiosity,internalized homonegativity and outness in Christian men who have sex with men

When exposed to their congregations' negative views of homosexuality, Christian men who have sex with men frequently struggle to reconcile their religious and sexual identities, possibly contributing to negative emotional states and behaviors associated with HIV/STI infection. To examine the influence of religiousity on internalized homonegativity and outness among Christian men who have sex with men, we used survey data from 1165 men who answered questions about their religious beliefs and sexual behavior. We stratified participants based on religious affiliation groupings: Catholic, Mainline Protestant and Evangelical Protestant. After using confirmatory factor analysis to verify that the selected measures of religiosity were equivalent between groups, we used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between religiosity, internalized homonegativity and outness. Among Catholics and Mainline Protestants, religiosity was not associated with internalized homonegativy or outness. However, among Evangelical Protestants – a group more likely to ascribe to religious fundamentalism – increased religiosity was associated with increased internalized homonegativity, which contributed to decreased outness. Our findings suggest that mental health providers and sexuality educators should be more concerned about the influence of religiosity on internalized homonegativity and outness when clients have a history of affiliation with Evangelical Protestant faiths more so than Catholic or Mainline Protestant faiths.

     

Distress and depression in men who have sex with men: the Urban Men's Health Study

OBJECTIVE: This study estimates the prevalence of depression and describes the correlates and independent associations of distress and depression among U.S. men who have sex with men. METHOD: A household-based probability sample of men who have sex with men (N=2,881) was interviewed between 1996 and 1998 in four large American cities. With cutoff points of 15 and 22 for the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, individual correlates and predictors of distress and depression were examined, and multinomial logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: The 7-day prevalence of depression in men who have sex with men was 17.2%, higher than in adult U.S. men in general. Both distress and depression were associated with lack of a domestic partner; not identifying as gay, queer, or homosexual; experiencing multiple episodes of antigay violence in the previous 5 years; and very high levels of community alienation. Distress was also associated with being of other than Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity and experiencing early antigay harassment. Depression was also associated with histories of attempted suicide, child abuse, and recent sexual dysfunction. Being HIV positive was correlated with distress and depression but not significantly when demographic characteristics, developmental history, substance use, sexual behavior, and current social context were controlled by logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of distress and depression are high in men who have sex with men. These high rates have important public health ramifications. The predictors of distress and depression suggest prevention efforts that might be effective when aimed at men who have sex with men.     

Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis

Background

Suicide is a leading cause of death among men who have sex with men (MSM) and suicidal ideation may put individuals at higher risk of suicide. A great disparity of lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM was observed across studies, indicating the importance of a reliable estimation of the pooled lifetime prevalence. However, the only one published meta-analysis estimating the pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM was conducted in 2008 with only 2 eligible studies. Subsequently, there was a rapid increase of publications about lifetime suicidal ideation among MSM, suggesting that an update on the pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM was necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to update the estimation of the pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM.

Methods

Electronic databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus (social science), Embase and PsycInfo were searched until September 2017 to identify relevant studies. Cross-sectional studies exploring the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM were enrolled. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and quantified using the I ² statistic. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using both Begg’s rank test and Egger’s linear test, and an Egger’s funnel plot for asymmetry was presented. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the geographic area, sample source and HIV status.

Results

Nineteen studies with a total of 26,667 MSM were included, of which 9374 were identified with suicidal ideation. A high degree of heterogeneity (P?≤?0.001, I ² =99.2%) was observed among the eligible studies, with the reported prevalence ranging from 13.18 to 55.80%. The pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM by a random effects model was 34.97% (95% confidence interval: 28.35%–41.90%). Both the Begg’s rank test and Egger’s linear test indicated low possibility of publication bias. Subgroup analyses showed that the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM differed significantly by geographic area, sample source and HIV status (P?<?0.05).

Conclusions

The high pooled lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation among MSM found in this meta-analysis significantly underscores the importance of early assessment of suicidal ideation among MSM, as well as the need for strengthening the psychological interventions.

     

Childhood trauma and METH abuse among men who have sex with men: Implications for intervention

Methamphetamine (METH) has become one of the most widely abused drugs in South Florida, particularly among MSM who may or may not be HIV seropositive. High rates of childhood trauma have been reported among HIV-infected MSM (Chartier et al., 2010), but, the association of childhood trauma, and mood disorders with methamphetamine use in HIV-infected men, has not been comprehensively explored. A better understanding of the association between these factors could improve existing substance abuse treatment intervention strategies and medical treatment programs (e.g., medication adherence; Carrico, 2010) to enhance positive health outcomes for male meth abusers living with the psychological consequences of childhood abuse. This study, as part of a larger study, examined the occurrence of childhood trauma and depression in a group of HIV seropositive METH abusing MSM. Significantly higher levels of depression symptom severity were found among METH users relative to non-METH users (p < .001). Irrespective of HIV status, METH users also reported higher frequencies of emotional, physical and sexual child abuse relative to non-METH users (p < .001). Among meth users, depression was predicted by childhood emotional neglect. These results suggest that childhood maltreatment may be implicated in the development of emotional distress (e.g., depression) and higher prevalence of methamphetamine/drug abuse in this population. These findings have important implications for substance abuse interventions, specifically targeting METH addiction among MSM. Addressing childhood trauma and depression may play a key role in enhancing the effectiveness of interventions for methamphetamine addiction.     

Neighborhood determinants of mood and anxiety disorders among men who have sex with men in New York City

Purpose

We examined the relationship between economic, physical, and social characteristics of neighborhoods, where men who have sex with men (MSM) lived and socialized, and symptom scores of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods

Participants came from a cross-sectional study of a population-based sample of New York City MSM recruited in 2010–2012 (n?=?1126). Archival and survey-based data were obtained on neighborhoods, where the men lived and where they socialized most often.

Results

MSM who socialized in neighborhoods with more economic deprivation and greater general neighborhood attachment experienced higher GAD symptoms. The relationship between general attachment to neighborhoods where MSM socialized and mental health depended on the level of gay community attachment: in neighborhoods characterized by greater gay community attachment, general neighborhood attachment was negatively associated with GAD symptoms, while in low gay community attachment neighborhoods, general neighborhood attachment had a positive association with GAD symptoms.

Conclusions

This study illustrates the downsides of having deep ties to social neighborhoods when they occur in the absence of broader access to ties with the community of one’s sexual identity. Interventions that help MSM cross the spatial boundaries of their social neighborhoods and promote integration of MSM into the broader gay community may contribute to the reduction of elevated rates of depression and anxiety in this population.

     

Social inequalities contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptomology among men who have sex with men

Purpose

Racial/ethnic minorities experience disproportionate rates of depressive symptoms in the United States. The magnitude that underlying factors—such as social inequalities—contribute to these symptoms is unknown. We sought to identify exposures that explain racial/ethnic differences in clinically significant depressive symptomology among men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods

Data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a prospective cohort study, were used to examine clinically significant symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 20) among non-Latinx White, non-Latinx Black, and Latinx MSM. We included 44,823 person-visits by 1729 MSM seen in the study sites of Baltimore/Washington, DC; Chicago; Pittsburgh/Columbus; and Los Angeles from 2000 to 2017. Regression models estimated the percentage of depressive symptom risk explained by social, treatment, and health-related variables related to race/ethnicity. Machine-learning methods were used to predict the impact of mitigating differences in determinants of depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity.

Results

At the most recent non-missing MACS visit, 16% of non-Latinx White MSM reported clinically significant depressive symptoms, compared to 22% of non-Latinx Black and 25% of Latinx men. We found that income and social-environmental stress were the largest contributors to racial/ethnic disparities in risk for depressive symptoms. Similarly, setting the prevalence of these two exposures to be equal across racial/ethnic groups was estimated to be most effective at reducing levels of clinically significant depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Results suggested that reducing socioeconomic inequalities and stressful experiences may be effective public health targets to decrease racial/ethnic disparities in depressive symptoms among MSM.

     

Optimal metrics for identifying long term patterns of depression in older HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men

Objectives: Center of Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale (CES-D) provides a snapshot of symptom severity at a single point in time. However, the best way of using CES-D to classify long-term depression is unclear.

Method: To identify long-term depression among HIV-infected and HIV–uninfected 50+ year-old men who have sex with men (MSM) with at least 5 years of follow-up, we compared sensitivities and specificities of CES-D–based metrics (baseline CES-D; four consecutive CES-Ds; group-based trajectory models) thresholded at 16 and 20 to a clinician's evaluation of depression phenotype based on all available data including CES-D history, depression treatment history, drug use history, HIV disease factors, and demographic characteristics.

Results: A positive depressive phenotype prevalence was common among HIV-infected (prevalence = 33.1%) and HIV-uninfected MSM (prevalence = 23.2%). Compared to the depressive phenotype, trajectory models of CES-D≥20 provided highest specificities among HIV-infected (specificity = 99.9%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:99.4%–100.0%) and HIV-uninfected MSM (specificity = 99.0%, 95% CI:97.4%–99.7%). Highest sensitivities resulted from classifying baseline CES-D ≥ 16 among HIV-infected MSM (sensitivity = 75.0%, 95% CI:67.3%–81.7%) and four consecutive CES-Ds ≥ 16 among HIV-uninfected MSM (sensitivity = 81.0%, 95% CI:73.7%–87.0%).

Conclusion: Choice of method should vary, depending on importance of false positive or negative rate for long-term depression in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM.