阿立哌唑联合奥拉西坦对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的观察阿立哌唑与奥拉西坦联合治疗对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响,为精神分裂症认知损伤的治疗提供临床证据。方法采用随机数字表法将98例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的精神分裂症患者分为研究组(阿立哌唑10~30 mg/d联合奥拉西坦1 600~2 400 mg/d)和对照组(阿立哌唑10~30 mg/d)各49例,进行为期8周的随机对照研究。在治疗开始前与治疗结束时(第8周末)采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)进行临床疗效评定,采用MATRICS共识认知成套测验(MCCB)评定认知功能。结果治疗8周末,两组MCCB和PANSS评分较治疗前均有改善,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);研究组在语义流畅性、连线测验、符号编码、持续操作、情绪管理五项指标的评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论阿立哌唑联合奥拉西坦与单用阿立哌唑对精神分裂症疗效相当,但前者对精神分裂症认知功能损害的疗效优于单用阿立哌唑。     

精神分裂症患者不同未治期与精神症状、认知功能及血脂的关系

目的:探讨不同未治时长的精神分裂症患者临床症状、认知水平及血脂的差异。方法:选取2017年11月至2021年4月于我院首次治疗的精神分裂症患者，以未治期(DUP)中位值(18个月)将患者分为长DUP(n=80)组和短DUP组(n=63)。收集患者一般人口学资料，评估阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、成套神经心理状态测验(MCCB)、功能大体评定量表(GAF),并检测患者外周血脂蛋白水平。结果:短DUP患者组PANSS量表中的焦虑抑郁因子评分及GAF评分均高于长DUP患者，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者MCCB各项得分差异无明显的统计学意义(P>0.05),短DUP患者血高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平高于长DUP患者，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:未治期较短的精神分裂症患者有更明显的焦虑抑郁情绪，认知功能较长未治期损害较少，脂代谢紊乱较长DUP患者轻。     

阿立哌唑和奎硫平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能影响的临床研究

目的研究阿立哌唑和奎硫平对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法将44例符合CCMD--3的首发精神分裂症患者在治疗前用韦氏记忆量表（WMS）和事件相关电位P300进行相关评定;在正常人群中选取22例作为对照组。将44例首发精神分裂症患者按随机数字表分为两组,即阿立哌唑组24例和奎硫平组20例,分别给予阿立哌唑和奎硫平治疗6周后再次用WMS和事件相关电位P300进行相关评定。结果首发精神分裂症患者的长时记忆、短时记忆、瞬时记忆及记忆商数（MQ）受损较为明显,P300电位成分中P2、P3波幅明显降低,P2、N2及P3潜伏期明显延长,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。阿立哌唑组和奎硫平组患者WMS的再认、联想、理解及MQ在治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而P300各指标在治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后两组间WMS各项目、P300各指标之间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论首发精神分裂症患者存在着认知功能障碍,阿立哌唑及奎硫平能改善首发精神分裂症的认知功能。     

阿立哌唑治疗首发精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的疗效比较

目的比较阿立哌唑和氟哌啶醇治疗首发精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的效果。方法将67例患者分为阿立哌唑组（32例）和氟哌啶醇组（35例）,并治疗12周,且均进行PANSS、韦氏记忆量表（WMS—R）检查。另外,以32例健康人作为正常对照组。结果患者的长时记忆、短时记忆、瞬时记忆及记忆商数（MQ）受损较为明显,与正常对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。经过12周的治疗,阿立哌唑和氟哌啶醇组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分及一般精神病性症状分均降低,两治疗组相比无显著性（P〉0．05）,说明两药的疗效相当。两治疗组患者WMS—R的再认、联想、理解及记忆商（MQ）均明显高于治疗前,治疗后两治疗组患者WMS—R各项目之间比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论首发精神分裂症患者存在着认知功能障碍,阿立哌唑对改善其认知功能障碍有明显作用,且疗效高于传统的抗精神病药。     

阿立哌唑与氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的 探讨阿立哌唑和氯丙嗪对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响.方法 将56例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为阿立哌唑组(n=30)、氯丙嗪组(n=26),分别给予阿立哌唑和氯丙嗪治疗,疗程6周.在治疗前及治疗6周末进行阳性与阴性量表(PANSS)评分、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)﹑连线测验(A和B)﹑韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS)中的数字符号和数字广度(顺﹑逆)测验等神经心理测验.结果 2组治疗6周后PANSS评分均有明显下降,差异无统计学意义.阿立哌唑组各项认知功能指标均有不同程度的改善,而氯丙嗪组只有两项(WCST中持续反应数和数字广度测验)较治疗前显著好转.阿立哌唑组除WCST中持续反应数、完成分类数和数字广度测验外,其余各指标均显著优于氯丙嗪组.结论 阿立哌唑对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的改善明显,显著优于氯丙嗪.     

首发精神分裂症患者的未治疗期与社会功能缺陷的关系

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者的未治疗期与社会功能缺陷的关系。方法对200例首发精神分裂症患者进行有关未治疗期及社会功能缺陷的调查,于治疗前和出院半年后采用社会功能缺陷评定量表（SDSS）进行评定,以未治疗期〈1年122例为研究组,≥1年78例为对照组,比较两组社会功能缺陷的差异及半年后社会功能恢复情况。结果研究组的平均未治疗期为（0.33±0.26）年,显著短于对照组的（1.97±0.89）年（P〈0.01）;经过住院治疗和出院维持治疗半年后,两组的SDSS总分和各因子分均有显著改善,但SDSS总分和职业功能、社会活动、家庭活动和生活能力等方面以研究组显著优于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。研究组出院半年后社会功能有显著改善,从业比例极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,半年内复发的比例研究组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者的未治疗期与其社会功能缺陷密切相关,因此,应重视早期干预治疗。     

氯氮平联合阿立哌唑对长期住院精神分裂症患者疗效及认知功能的影响

目的探讨氯氮平联合阿立哌唑对长期住院精神分裂症患者的疗效及对认知功能的影响。方法将67例符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的长期住院精神分裂症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组实际完成研究各31例。治疗组给予氯氮平联合阿立哌唑治疗,对照组仅给予常规剂量氯氮平治疗,疗程12周;采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,采用威斯康星卡片(WCST)评定认知功能。结果治疗12周后,治疗组PANSS总评分、阴性症状评分较治疗前低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);WCST评定总正确数、正确率、持续反应数、持续错误数、分类数均优于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组PANSS总评分、阳性症状评分、阴性症状评分与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);WCST评定总正确数、正确率、持续反应数、持续错误数、分类数与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氯氮平联合阿立哌唑治疗对改善长期住院精神分裂症患者的阴性症状及认知功能的效果可能优于单一使用氯氮平治疗。     

首发精神分裂症患者未治疗期对治疗及预后影响

目的:探究首发住院精神分裂症患者未治疗期(duration of untreated psychosis,DUP)对患者预后的影响。方法:共入组193例首发精神分裂症患者,回顾性对其DUP进行评估,依据中位数约48周将其分为短DUP组103例和长DUP组90例;对两组出院阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、用药剂量以及住院时间等进行对比。结果:长DUP组患者首次住院时间[(71.74±34.54)d]较短DUP组[(35.93±17.57)d]明显延长(P0.001),差异有统计学意义。长DUP组平均用药剂量明显高于短DUP组(P0.01)。对入院量表评分进行对比发现,短DUP组阳性症状评分大于长DUP组(P0.01),阴性症状评分小于长DUP组(P0.001);对出院PANSS评分进行对比发现,短DUP组总分小于长DUP组(P0.001),阳性症状评分差异无统计学意义,阴性症状评分短DUP组显著小于长DUP组(P0.001)。结论:尽早治疗可明显缩短首发精神分裂症患者住院时间、减少用药剂量,预后更好。     

精神分裂症患者未治疗期及早期干预

目前精神分裂症患者未治疗期及早期干预受到越来越多的关注,本文拟从这两方面进行论述。     

Duration of untreated psychosis and cognitive deterioration in first-episode schizophrenia

Cognitive impairment is an important clinical feature in many individuals with schizophrenia. Factors associated with cognitive deficit are not well established. Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has recently gained interest as a prognostic factor in schizophrenia. This study reports on the association between DUP and cognitive function. Subjects comprised 42 individuals (30 males, 12 females) who experienced a first-episode of DSM-III-R schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder. Cognitive function was determined at clinical stabilization using the WAIS-R. An estimate of cognitive deterioration was based on the WAIS-R subtest profile. Longer DUP, male gender, higher premorbid IQ and younger age at admission independently predicted cognitive deterioration. Poorer performance on Digit Symbol and Comprehension subtests was associated with longer DUP. The findings suggest that untreated psychosis compromises some aspects of cognitive function. Studies investigating the association between DUP and outcome should control for potentially confounding variables. Early treatment of psychosis could help to reduce the prominent cognitive deficit in first-episode schizophrenia.     

Influence of duration of untreated psychosis on auditory P300 in drug-naive and first-episode schizophrenia

P300 amplitude reduction in schizophrenia is, according to previous studies, partially recovered by treatment with neuroleptics. However, whether this medication-induced P300 recovery is associated with duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) remains unreported; the present study is a preliminary examination of this question. Auditory P300 was recorded from 18 drug-naive and first-episode schizophrenia patients, among whom 10 were identified as short DUP, and eight as long DUP. Follow-up event-related potential tests were carried out after treatment with haloperidol or bromperidol for approximately 2 months. Recovery of P300 amplitude was replicated after neuroleptic medication was administered. A significant interaction was found between DUP and the medication effect in P300 amplitude over the left temporo-parietal area; a significant P300 recovery was seen in short DUP but not in long DUP. These results suggest that first-episode schizophrenia patients with long DUP might have severe impairments in the left temporal structures, supporting DUP as a key variable in future neurobiological studies of first-episode schizophrenia.     

CBT联合小剂量利培酮对精神分裂症患者认知功能影响的神经心理学评估

目的探讨认知行为治疗(CBT)联合小剂量利培酮对精神分裂症患者认知功能影响的神经心理学评估。方法采用随机数字表法将100例符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)精神分裂症诊断标准的患者分为药物治疗组(对照组)与CBT干预组(研究组)各50例,对照组予以利培酮片治疗,研究组予以CBT干预的同时给予对照组药物剂量的1/3治疗,分别于入组时、治疗6个月及随访6个月采用Wisconsin卡片分类测验(WCST)、听觉注意测验(AAT)、临床记忆量表(CMS)进行认知功能的神经心理学评估。结果治疗6个月后及随访6个月除正确反应数外两组的WCST、AAT、CMS指标与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01);随访6个月时两组WCST总测验数、AAT测验比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CBT联合小剂量利培酮对精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍改善的持续性和远期疗效可能优于单用利培酮治疗。     

Cognitive deterioration and duration of untreated psychosis

Aim: To examine the relationship between cognitive deterioration and the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in a first‐episode psychosis sample. Method: We assessed a consecutive sample of first‐episode psychosis participants (N = 50) with measures of cognitive deterioration and DUP. Results: Using correlations and stepwise linear regressions, we found strong relationships between DUP and measures of cognitive deterioration. Conclusions: The length of DUP predicted cognitive deterioration. These results highlight a potential DUP grace period (>6 months) in which significant cognitive deterioration may be averted.     

精神分裂症首次发病患者未治期的影响因素分析

目的：探讨首发精神分裂症患者未治期（ DUP）的影响因素。方法：采用一般资料调查表、阳性与阴性症状量表（ PANSS）、诺丁汉起病症状量表（ NOS）以及疾病家庭负担量表（ FBS）对206例首次发病精神分裂症患者的疾病严重程度、起病形式以及因疾病给家庭带来的负担进行评估。结果：首发精神分裂症患者DUP的中位数为6（2,12）个月,其中男性5（1,12）个月,女性7（2,12）个月,男女比率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。将患者分为短DUP组（DUP≤6个月）112例和长DUP组（DUP>6个月）94例比较结果显示,不同DUP组的起病形式（χ2=61.99,P=0.000）、家属对患者的关心程度（t=4.09,P=0.000）、疾病对家庭娱乐活动的影响（t=-2.22,P=0.03）以及疾病对家庭成员心理健康的影响（t=-2.53,P=0.01）两组间存在统计学意义。Logistic 回归分析发现,起病形式（ OR =11.46,95%CI =5.70~23.04）是DUP的危险因素;家属对患者的关心程度（OR=0.73,95%CI=0.60~0.90）是DUP的保护性因素。结论：影响首发精神分裂症患者DUP的因素是多方面的,但起病形式及家属对患者的关心程度是主要因素。     

Premorbid functioning versus duration of untreated psychosis in 1 year outcome in first-episode psychosis

OBJECTIVE: This study examines 1year outcome in patients having first-episode non-affective psychosis, with emphasis on Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) and premorbid functioning, in order to clarify how these factors interact. METHOD: Forty-three consecutively admitted patients were all rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), both upon hospitalization and at 1year follow-up. In addition, premorbid functioning, DUP, duration of hospitalization, and social functioning were rated. RESULTS: Fifty-six per cent were in remission, 18% suffered multiple relapses and 26% were continuously psychotic at 1 year follow-up. Both poor premorbid functioning and long DUP are significantly correlated with more negative symptoms and poorer global functioning at follow-up. Long DUP is also significantly correlated with more positive symptoms. Even when we control for other factors, including premorbid functioning and gender, DUP is a strong predictor of outcome. To a limited degree premorbid functioning and DUP interact, but DUP has an independent influence on outcome. CONCLUSIONS: these findings strengthen the rationale for establishing health service programs for early detection and treatment of first-onset psychosis     

Association between duration of untreated psychosis, premorbid functioning, and cognitive performance and the outcome of first-episode schizophrenia in Japanese patients: prospective study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), premorbid functioning, and cognitive dysfunction and the outcome of first-episode schizophrenia. METHOD: Thirty-four neuroleptic-na?ve patients who consulted hospitals in Tokyo and who were treated by psychiatrists for the first time were evaluated with regard to DUP, premorbid functioning, psychiatric symptoms, and global functioning. The neuropsychological test battery consisted of the Letter Cancellation Test, Trail-Making Test, Digit Span and Verbal Fluency Test. One year later, 24 of the subjects were reassessed for psychiatric symptoms, global functioning, and social functioning, and the relationships between DUP, premorbid functioning, and cognitive performance and the outcome was investigated. RESULTS: Short DUP, good premorbid functioning, and good Letter Cancellation Test, Digit Span and Verbal Fluency Test scores were significantly associated with good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present results in a Japanese sample are consistent with previous international evidence that delay of initial treatment, premorbid functioning, and cognitive deficits are associated with outcome. A major limitation of the present study was the small size of the subject group. But because the subjects were relatively homogeneous and not influenced by psychoactive substances, the results reflect the essence of the disorder.     

Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: The duration of untreated psychosis may influence response to treatment, reflecting a potentially malleable progressive pathological process. The authors reviewed the literature on the association of duration of untreated psychosis with symptom severity at first treatment contact and with treatment outcomes and conducted a meta-analysis examining these relationships. METHOD: English-language articles on duration of untreated psychosis published in peer-reviewed journals through July 2004 were reviewed. Studies that quantitatively assessed the duration of untreated psychosis; identified study subjects who met the criteria for nonaffective psychotic disorders at or close to first treatment; employed cross-sectional analyses of duration of untreated psychosis and of baseline symptoms, neurocognition, brain morphology, or functional measures or prospectively analyzed symptom change, response, or relapse; assessed psychopathology with clinician-rated instruments; and reported subjects' diagnoses (a total of 43 publications from 28 sites) were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Shorter duration of untreated psychosis was associated with greater response to antipsychotic treatment, as measured by severity of global psychopathology, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and functional outcomes. At the time of treatment initiation, duration of initially untreated psychosis was associated with the severity of negative symptoms but not with the severity of positive symptoms, general psychopathology, or neurocognitive function. CONCLUSIONS: Duration of untreated psychosis may be a potentially modifiable prognostic factor. Understanding the mechanism by which duration of untreated psychosis influences prognosis may lead to better understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to improved treatment strategies.