Impact of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability with Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries on Biochemical Alterations in the Cartilage of the Subtalar and Midtarsal Joints Based on MRI T2 Mapping

ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess biochemical alterations in the cartilage of the subtalar and midtarsal joints in chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) patients with isolated anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injuries and combined calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injuries using MRI T2 mapping.Materials and MethodsThis study was performed according to regulations of the Committee for Human Research at our institution, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Forty CLAI patients (26 with isolated ATFL injuries and 14 with combined ATFL and CFL injuries) and 25 healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All participants underwent MRI scans with T2 mapping. Patients were assessed with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) rating system. The subtalar and midtarsal joints were segmented into 14 cartilage subregions. The T2 value of each subregion was measured from T2 mapping images. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, the Student''s t test, and Pearson''s correlation coefficient.ResultsT2 values of most subregions of the subtalar joint and the calcaneal facet of the calcaneocuboid joint in CLAI patients with combined CFL injuries were higher than those in healthy controls (all p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in T2 values in subtalar and midtarsal joints between patients with isolated ATFL injuries and healthy controls (all p > 0.05). Moreover, T2 values of the medial talar subregions of the posterior subtalar joint in patients with combined CFL injuries showed negative correlations with the AOFAS scores (r = −0.687, p = 0.007; r = −0.609, p = 0.021, respectively).ConclusionCLAI with combined CFL injuries can lead to cartilage degeneration in subtalar and calcaneocuboid joints, while an isolated ATFL injury might not have a significant impact on the cartilage in these joints.     

距跟外侧韧带替代法治疗跟腓韧带缺失的慢性踝关节外侧不稳

目的:研究距跟外侧韧带替代法治疗跟腓韧带缺失的慢性踝关节外侧不稳的疗效。方法:32例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者,平均年龄26.4±8.7岁,接受踝关节外侧韧带修复手术。术中证实所有患者的跟腓韧带均缺失,采用距跟外侧韧带距骨止点移位替代法修复跟腓韧带。研究平均随访22.3±4.0个月,术前和术后进行AOFAS评分、Mazur评分、Tegner评分、客观检查(前抽屉试验和内翻应力试验)、满意度评分,调查再伤情况。结果:所有患者AOFAS评分、Mazur评分和Tegner评分均显著高于术前,客观检查(抽屉试验和侧搬应力试验)术后均为阴性,满意度评分平均7.4分,无主观不稳和再伤发生,无距下关节(跗骨窦区)疼痛或/和不稳发生。结论:距跟外侧韧带替代法治疗跟腓韧带缺失的慢性踝关节外侧不稳具有良好的治疗效果,临床观察对距下关节无明显影响。     

Comparison of T2 Relaxation Values in Subtalar Cartilage between Patients with Lateral Instability of the Ankle Joint and Healthy Volunteers

Purpose

To evaluate the difference between T2 relaxation values of the subtalar cartilage in lateral ankle instability patients and healthy volunteers.

Materials and Methods

This institutional review board-approved study included 27 preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 26 patients who underwent Broström operations. Data of previously enrolled healthy volunteers (12 volunteers, 13 MRIs) were used as controls. Two radiologists independently measured T2 values in eight posterior subtalar joint cartilage compartments: central calcaneus anterior (CCA) and posterior (CCP), central talus anterior (CTA) and posterior (CTP), lateral calcaneus anterior (LCA) and posterior (LCP), and lateral talus anterior (LTA) and posterior (LTP). Patient and control values were compared using linear regression analysis. Inter- and intraobserver agreement was calculated.

Results

Mean T2 values were significantly higher in the patient group in all measurements of subtalar joint cartilage compartments (p < 0.05) except that in LTP (p = 0.085) measured by reviewer 1. Both inter- and intraobserver agreements were excellent.

Conclusions

The T2 relaxation values of the subtalar cartilage were significantly higher in lateral ankle instability patients compared with those of controls.

Key Points

? Subtalar cartilage T2 values are increased in patients with lateral ankle instability. ? This trend was demonstrated regardless of the presence of talar dome cartilage lesions. ? Inter-and intraobserver agreements were excellent (intraclass coefficient range, 0.765-0.951) in subtalar cartilage T2 mapping.

     

军训伤导致慢性外踝关节不稳的手术治疗探讨

目的探讨军训伤导致慢性外踝关节不稳的手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法2002年7月—2006年11月,采用腓骨短肌腱重建修复踝关节外侧韧带的方法手术治疗14例慢性外踝不稳,术后踝关节应力位石膏外固定6周。结果经4~12个月的随访复查,优9例,良3例,中2例,总优良率85.7%。结论采用腓骨短肌腱重建外侧韧带治疗慢性外踝关节不稳疗效满意,可减少慢性外踝关节不稳导致创伤性关节炎的发生。     

慢性踝关节外侧不稳定距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带解剖重建

目的:探讨踝关节镜微创技术结合解剖重建距腓前韧带/跟腓韧带(ATFL/CFL)治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的疗效。方法:自2010年1月至2013年12月共计52例(52踝)保守治疗无效的慢性踝关节外侧不稳定(ATFL/CFL损伤)患者纳入研究,随机分为A、B两组,A组采用改良brostrom法(锚钉-韧带-骨膜双重锚定法)缝合修复,B组取自体半腱肌腱行ATFL/CFL双束解剖重建。对术前、术后2年AOFAS足踝评分、患者主观感觉、VAS疼痛评分、距骨前移及倾斜、踝关节活动度进行评估,对比两组的疗效差异。结果:平均随访34.7月(2~5年),两组患者均无感染、神经损伤、皮缘坏死、后足僵硬等并发症,半腱肌腱供区无不适,末次随访无不稳定复发。术后2年A、B两组在踝关节跖屈、背伸、外翻活动度上无差异,在踝关节内翻(P=0.025)、距骨倾斜(P=0.025)与前移(P=0.020)改善方面B组优于A组,重建相较于修复显示出更佳的稳定性。AOFAS评分A组由术前46.90±9.10改善至术后2年87.15±4.22(P=0.000),B组由术前46.50±9.95改善至术后2年93.70±5.00(P=0.000),术后2年组间比较存在差异(P=0.035)。两组在疼痛、异常步态、自主活动及功能、前后屈伸活动、后足活动及对线评分项目上无明显差异;在地面步行(P=0.045)、最大步行距离(P=0.042)、稳定性评分(P=0.045)上组间有差异。VAS视觉疼痛评分A组由术前7.10±5.30改善至术后2年2.05±1.95(P=0.000),B组由术前6.95±4.40改善至术后2年2.12±1.88(P=0.000),术后2年组间比较无差异(P=0.450)。主观评级术后2年A组优良率87.5%,B组95.83%(P=0.001);两组内AOFAS客观评分与主观评级相当,主客观评价统一度较好。结论:依托关节镜技术,借鉴尸体解剖数据,半腱肌腱双束解剖重建ATFL/CFL在有效恢复踝关节外侧稳定性的同时避免了后足僵硬等常见并发症,尤其适用于功能期望值较高的青壮年患者及韧带残端质量较差的翻修手术。手术切口的改进及保残技术有助于降低术区神经损伤几率,恢复本体感觉,符合快速康复的理念,长期随访有待于进一步观察。     

膝骨关节炎软骨下骨髓水肿样及囊样病变与软骨病损的相关性研究

目的:探讨膝骨关节炎软骨下骨髓水肿样及囊样病变与关节软骨缺失的关系。方法:683例膝关节骨关节炎患者纳入研究,其中126例135个膝关节进行了随访,随访期限为12~30个月。采用半定量积分系统WORMS分析膝关节骨髓水肿样和囊样病变的分布及邻近关节软骨状况。以骨髓病变稳定组作为参照,采用逻辑回归分析同一分区软骨下骨髓病损与软骨缺损之间的关系。结果:不伴有明显关节软骨病损的各分区其软骨下骨质病变发生率有明显差异,以胫骨中部分区较高。随访对照研究显示骨髓病变与软骨病损具有明显相关性,新发骨髓病灶相较稳定病灶的局部关节软骨病损的风险更为明显(OR=3.9),基期及随访期未见骨髓病变的病例组软骨病损风险远小于病灶稳定不变组(OR=0.1)。结论:膝关节承重部位相对易于发生软骨下骨髓病损,软骨下骨髓水肿样病变及囊样变与同一区域软骨病损明显相关。     

MRI评估慢性踝关节不稳患者距骨和腓骨位置

目的:评估慢性踝关节不稳患者距骨和腓骨在踝关节中的位置。方法:100名测试对象纳入本研究,其中50名为慢性踝关节不稳患者(A组),50名为非踝关节不稳疾病、至我院就诊的患者(B组)。每名测试对象行MRI检查,并在横断面上采用2种方法测量腓骨在踝穴内的前后位置:采用轴向踝指数(ax-ial malleolar index,AMI)以距骨为参照物测量腓骨的位置;采用踝间指数(inter malleolar index,IMI)以内踝为参照物测量腓骨的位置。另外,我们还应用一种新的测量方法:踝距指数(malleolar talus index,MTI)来测量距骨在踝穴内的旋转位置。结果:以距骨为参照物时,踝关节不稳组AMI明显高于较对照人群(11.04°±5.66°vs 7.68°±5.38°,P<0.01);但以内踝为参照时,踝关节不稳组IMI与对照人群组相比无显著差异(7.22°±3.44°vs 7.93°±3.36°,P=0.03);以内踝为参照物测量距骨在踝穴内的旋转位置时,踝关节不稳组MTI明显高于较对照人群(89.46°±2.64°vs 85.99°±2.24°,P<0.01)。结论:慢性踝关节不稳患者存在距骨内旋现象,但腓骨在踝穴内的位置并未发生改变。     

机械性踝关节不稳患者踝屈、伸肌群等速肌力评价

目的:评价机械性踝关节不稳(mechanical ankle instability,MAI)患者踝屈、伸肌群的等速肌力。方法:20名单侧机械性踝关节不稳患者的双侧踝关节分别接受等速肌力测试(60°/s和120°/s)。比较患侧和健侧踝关节屈、伸肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率、总功和屈伸力矩比的差异。结果:60°/s时,两侧伸肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率及总功的差别均无统计学意义(P=0.303,P=0.548,P=0.452),屈肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率和屈伸力矩比均无显著性差异(P=0.417,P=0.275,P=0.870),但屈肌群总功有显著性差异(P=0.043)。120°/s时,两侧伸肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率及总功差别均无统计学意义(P=0.096,P=0.069,P=0.233),但屈肌群相对峰力矩、平均功率、总功和屈伸力矩比有显著性差异(P=0.030,P=0.043,P=0.017,P=0.036)。结论:机械性踝关节不稳患者患侧踝关节跖屈肌群快速运动时肌力下降,这可能与其踝关节稳定性有关。     

机械性踝关节不稳与功能性踝关节不稳患者肌肉激活时间差异比较

目的:了解机械性踝关节不稳患者与功能性踝关节不稳患者的腓骨长肌与胫前肌激活时间方面是否存在差异。方法:36名测试对象纳入研究,其中机械性踝关节不稳患者12例,功能性踝关节不稳患者12例,正常对照人群12例。每例受试者在行走过程中模拟内翻动作时接受表面肌电测试,计算并比较各组踝关节腓骨长肌和胫前肌激活时间的差异。各组之间的测试结果进行单因素方差分析统计检验。结果:与正常对照人群相比,机械性与功能性踝关节不稳患者患侧踝关节腓骨长肌与胫前肌激活时间明显延长。机械性与功能性踝关节不稳患者患侧踝关节肌肉激活时间无明显差异。在组内比较时,机械性与功能性踝关节不稳患者患侧踝关节肌肉激活时间均较对侧明显延长。结论:机械性踝关节不稳与功能性踝关节不稳患者均存在腓骨长肌与胫前肌激活时间延长的缺陷,两者之间无明显差异。     

Deltoid Ligament and Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injury in Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation at 3T and Comparison with Arthroscopy

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of deltoid ligament and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury on 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).

Materials and Methods

Fifty patients (mean age, 35 years) who had undergone preoperative 3T MRI and surgical treatment for CLAI were enrolled. The prevalence of deltoid ligament and syndesmosis injury were assessed. The complexity of lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC) injury was correlated with prevalence of deltoid or syndesmosis injuries. The diagnostic accuracy of ankle ligament imaging at 3T MRI was analyzed using arthroscopy as a reference standard.

Results

On MRI, deltoid ligament injury was identified in 18 (36%) patients as follows: superficial ligament alone, 9 (50%); deep ligament alone 2 (11%); and both ligaments 7 (39%). Syndesmosis abnormality was found in 21 (42%) patients as follows: anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) alone, 19 (90%); and AITFL and interosseous ligament, 2 (10%). There was no correlation between LCLC injury complexity and the prevalence of an accompanying deltoid or syndesmosis injury on both MRI and arthroscopic findings. MRI sensitivity and specificity for detection of deltoid ligament injury were 84% and 93.5%, and those for detection of syndesmosis injury were 91% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion

Deltoid ligament or syndesmosis injuries were common in patients undergoing surgery for CLAI, regardless of the LCLC injury complexity. 3T MRI is helpful for the detection of all types of ankle ligament injury. Therefore, careful interpretation of pre-operative MRI is essential.     

不同类型踝关节护具对功能性踝关节不稳者静态姿势稳定性的影响

目的:探讨佩戴不同类型踝关节护具对功能性踝关节不稳者静态姿势稳定性的影响。方法:选取10名男性单侧功能性踝关节不稳者,利用Flexi Force压力感受系统控制佩戴弹性护具时的踝压,采用WIN-POD系统分别测量受试者患侧无护具、佩戴弹性护具、佩戴半刚性护具时的静态姿势稳定性。结果:(1)睁眼状态下,佩戴弹性护具和半刚性护具时COP动摇各指标与无护具时相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与半刚性护具相比,佩戴弹性护具时X轴平均摆幅显著增大(P<0.05)。(2)闭眼状态下,佩戴弹性护具和半刚性护具时COP动摇各指标与无护具时相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);佩戴弹性护具与半刚性护具相比,各指标间差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:佩戴弹性护具和半刚性护具不影响功能性踝关节不稳者的静态姿势稳定性,但佩戴半刚性护具时的静态姿势稳定性要好于佩戴弹性护具。     

基于MRI影像组学鉴别卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤与阔韧带肌瘤

目的 探讨基于MRI影像组学对卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤（OTCA）与阔韧带肌瘤（BLM）的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院2016年1月—2021年3月经病理证实的76例OTCA和58例BLM的MRI图像,比较两组疾病的MRI特征。于肿瘤最大层面勾画感兴趣区提取T2WI脂肪抑制序列图像纹理特征,采用分层抽样方式按照7∶3分为训练组104例和测试组30例,根据病理结果分为OTCA亚组和BLM亚组。基于训练组,使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子回归分析筛选关键特征,根据回归模型中变量的回归系数,建立线性方程计算影像组学标签评分。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价基于MRI图像特征、影像组学及其组合区分两种疾病的能力。结果 共4个MRI特征为鉴别两组疾病的独立特征,包括同侧卵巢可见性（χ2=5.503,P<0.05）、外周囊性区（χ2=7.693,P<0.05）、动脉期强化程度（P<0.05）及表观扩散系数（t=3.310,P<0.05）;训练组和测试组OTCA、BLM亚组的影像组学标签评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。联合MRI图像特征和影像组...     

急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI分析

目的探讨急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)和股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤的MRI特点。方法回顾性分析51例经临床证实的急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位患者的MRI资料。51例病例均行常规MRI矢状面、冠状面和横断面T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波序列扫描,并与手术结果相对照。结果急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL损伤发生率为100%,其中完全性MPFL撕裂31例,部分性MPFL撕裂20例,股骨侧撕裂30例,髌骨侧撕裂19例,体部撕裂2例,MRI诊断MPFL部分性撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为85%、93.5%和90.2%,MRI诊断完全MPFL撕裂的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93.5%、85%和90.2%。股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤17例,发生率为33.3%,其中13例位于股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨,1例位于股骨滑车,3例股骨滑车和股骨外侧髁承重面关节软骨均受累;17例股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤病例中,16例(94.1%)关节软骨损伤位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分,1例(5.9%)位于骨挫伤的中间部分;MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例中,57.9%(11/19)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,MPFL股骨侧损伤病例中,20%(6/30)伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,二组数据比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=5.80,P=0.016)。MPFL完全撕裂、部分撕裂病例中,股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折发生率分别为19.4%(6/31)、0%(0/20),二者比较,差异具有显著统计学意义(χ2=4.39,P=0.036)。结论急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后,MPFL股骨侧最易损伤,其次为髌骨侧,MRI诊断MPFL损伤准确性高;急性创伤性髌骨外侧脱位后股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤比较常见,MPFL髌骨侧损伤病例易于伴发股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤,而MPFL完全撕裂较部分撕裂更易伴发股骨外侧髁骨软骨骨折;股骨外侧髁关节软骨损伤多位于股骨外侧髁承重关节面处,绝大多数位于股骨外侧髁骨挫伤的偏后部分。