Effect of graded doses of Caesalpinia bonducella seed extract on ovary and uterus in albino rats

Histological changes observed under light microscope illustrate follicular degeneration in ovary, vacuolation and mild disorganization of uterus on treatment with graded doses of alcohol seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella. There was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in duration of estrous cycle and mean ovarian weight. However, there were no uniform variations in mean uterine weight, serum estradiol and progesterone level. The results suggest that alcohol seed extract of C. bonducella has antiestrogenic property, possibly acting via inhibition of estrogen secretion.     

福建灵芝高效薄层色谱鉴别及其在溯源中的应用

目的 本研究旨在建立福建灵芝高效薄层色谱方法,并对比福建产区与其他产区薄层的异同点,为灵芝药材在薄层溯源中的应用提供实验依据。方法 采用Merk HPTLC Silica gel 60预制板,氯仿-乙腈-甲醇-甲酸(13∶1.5∶0.2∶0.2)为展开剂,3%硫酸乙酸乙酯溶液显色,在紫外366 nm下检视,采用对照品比对鉴别薄层色谱条带。使用斑点条带数字化表征,对不同产区样品进行聚类分析。结果 高效薄层色谱共分离灵芝药材中17个条带,用对照品比对鉴定了其中11个成分,包括灵芝烯酸C(Rf₅=0.31)、灵芝酸C2(Rf₆=0.33)、灵芝酸I(Rf₇=0.35)、灵芝酸G(Rf₈=0.41)、灵芝酸A(Rf₉=0.44)、灵芝酸B(Rf₁₀=0.46)、灵芝内酯B(Rf₁₁=0.53)、3β,7β,15β-三羟基-11,15-二羰基-羊毛甾烷-8-烯-24→20内酯(Rf₁₂=0.56)、灵芝烯酸D(Rf     

Simultaneous determination of three steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum xanthocarpum by high performance thin layer chromatography

A new high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitation of three bioactive steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) markers, solasonine (SN), solamargine (SM) and khasianine (KN) in the plant Solanum xanthocarpum. Extraction efficiency of targeted SGAs from plant matrix using methanol and acidified methanol were studied using percolation, ultrasonication and microwave techniques. The separation was achieved on silica gel 60F(254) TLC plates using chloroform-methanol-water as mobile phase. The quantitation of SGAs was carried out using the densitometric reflection/absorption mode at 520 nm after post chromatographic derivatization using Dragendorff's reagent. The method was validated for peak purity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ). Method specificity was confirmed using retention factor (R(f)), Vis spectral correlation and electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) of marker compounds in the sample track.     

Evaluation of Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn. for anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities

Objective:

To evaluate the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Linn.) Sw. for anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities.

Materials and Methods:

Anti-inflammatory action of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. pulcherrima (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) (CPE and CPA) were evaluated by cotton pellet granuloma models. Pylorus ligation and aspirin induced ulcer models were employed for evaluating antiulcer activity for both the extracts. Ulcerogenic potential of CP was also evaluated.

Result:

The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of C. pulcherrima significantly decreased (P<0.01) the granuloma tissue development. CPE and CPA at both the doses exhibited significant (P<0.01) antiulcer activity by decreasing the ulcer score in both the ulcer models and it was not ulcerogenic.

Conclusion:

The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of C. pulcherrima (CPE and CPA) possess significant anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities.     

High-performance thin layer chromatography method for estimation of conessine in herbal extract and pharmaceutical dosage formulations

A new, simple, sensitive, precise and robust high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the estimation of conessine in herbal extracts and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Analysis of conessine was performed on TLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 as stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with mobile phase consisting of toluene-ethylacetate-diethyl amine (6.5:2.5:1, v/v/v) at room temperature (25+/-2 degrees C). After derivatized the plate with modified Dragendroff's reagent, Camag TLC scanner III was used for spectrodensitometric scanning and analysis of the plate in absorbance mode at 520 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for conessine (Rf value of 0.82). The data for calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2=0.9998 in the concentration range of 1-10 microg with respect to peak area. The present method was validated for precision and recovery. The limits of detection and quantification were determined. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for estimation of conessine.     

氟康唑及其中间体的薄层色谱分离的研究

本文研究了氟康唑及其中间体的薄层色谱分离，对薄层色谱的条件进行了优化；展开剂，苯或氯仿；最佳活化温度为１２０℃；活化时间为９０ｍｉｎ。     

高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的含量

目的建立银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸含量的HPLC测定方法.方法银杏叶提取物及其制剂经石油醚提取,提取液浓缩后用石油醚定容,HPLC直接测定,并用LC/MS对其中的银杏酸进行了定性鉴定.色谱分析条件:色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-2,流动相为甲醇-3% HAc溶液(92∶8),流速1.0 mL*min-1,柱温40 ℃,紫外检测波长310 nm.结果银杏叶提取物中存在6种银杏酸C13:0,C15:0,C15:1,C17:1,C17:2和一种可能是C17∶3的银杏酸化合物,其中C13∶0,C15∶1和C17∶1占总银杏酸的94%以上.实验测得高银杏酸含量的提取物中银杏酸含量为1.12%,RSD为2.4%(n=5);银杏叶提取物片剂中银杏酸含量为49.2 μg*g-1,RSD为4.3%(n=5).平均回收率98.2%,RSD为2.6%(n=5).结论该方法准确、快速、简便,可用于银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的定量分析.     

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of Bergenia ciliata Sternb. rhizome extract in rats

The methanol extract of the rhizome of Bergenia ciliata Sternb. (Saxifragaceae) has been evaluated for anti-inflammatory potential using two acute rat models (carrageenan- and serotonin (5-HT)-induced rat paw oedema) and a chronic rat model (cotton pouch-induced granuloma). Phenylbutazone (100 mg kg(-1)), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was used as a standard. The methanol extract (100, 200 or 300 mg kg(-1)) exhibited significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in all the animal models. At 300 mg kg(-1) the methanol extract exhibited maximum inhibition of 32.4+/-2.89% in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema while the standard showed an inhibition of 44.1+/-2.7% after 3 h of drug treatment. In the serotonin-induced rat paw oedema model, 300 mg kg(-1) methanol extract suppressed oedema by 45.33+/-2.09%, whereas the standard produced an inhibition of 53.5+/-4.3%. In the cotton pouch granuloma model the methanol extract inhibited significantly (P < 0.001) the granuloma weight in a dose-dependent manner. In this model, 300 mg kg(-1) extract produced a maximum inhibition of 31.4+/-1.09% in granuloma weight compared with 41.1+/-1.32% reduction in granuloma weight for the standard. The methanol extract of B. ciliata exhibited significant anti-inflammatory potential at the dose levels examined.     

高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的含量高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的含量

目的建立银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸含量的HPLC测定方法。方法银杏叶提取物及其制剂经石油醚提取，提取液浓缩后用石油醚定容，HPLC直接测定，并用LC/MS对其中的银杏酸进行了定性鉴定。色谱分析条件：色谱柱为Inertsil ODS-2，流动相为甲醇-3% HAc溶液（92∶8），流速1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温40 ℃，紫外检测波长310 nm。结果银杏叶提取物中存在6种银杏酸C13:0，C15:0，C15:1，C17:1，C17:2和一种可能是C17∶3的银杏酸化合物，其中C13∶0，C15∶1和C17∶1占总银杏酸的94%以上。实验测得高银杏酸含量的提取物中银杏酸含量为1.12%,RSD为2.4%（N=5）；银杏叶提取物片剂中银杏酸含量为49.2 μg·g^-1,RSD为4.3%（N=5）。平均回收率98.2%，RSD为2.6%（N=5）。结论该方法准确、快速、简便，可用于银杏叶提取物及其制剂中银杏酸的定量分析。     

Testing of some dibenzoazepines and dibenzocycloheptadiene derivatives with high pressure thin layer chromatography

An influence of several adsorbents and the composition of the eluent mixtures on the separation of dibenzoazepine and dibenzocycloheptadiene derivatives was examined by thin-layer chromatography. The best system (RP-18 and methanol-buffer solution pH 8.5 19:1) was employed for the separation of amitryptiline and doxepine by HPLC. Both compounds were determined in ng amounts in pharmaceutical preparations and in blood by addition and in patients blood. Doxepine was used as internal standard for the determination of amitryptiline.     

Antidepressant-like action of the hydromethanolic flower extract of Tagetes erecta L. in mice and its possible mechanism of action

Objective:

Tagetes erecta, the marigold, has commercial and ethnomedicinal use; however, reports concerning its efficacy for the treatment of depression are lacking. This study was carried out to elucidate the antidepressant effect of hydromethanolic flower extract of T. erecta.

Materials and Methods:

Hydromethanolic extract of flowers of Tagetes erecta was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The extract (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was evaluated for antidepressant effect using forced swim test in mice. The mechanism of antidepressant action was further examined using different drugs and imipramine was used as standard drug.

Results:

T. erecta significantly inhibited the immobility period in forced swim test in mice P<0.05). T. erecta (25 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the anti-immobility effect of antidepressant drugs like imipramine, fluoxetine, and p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis significantly attenuated its antidepressant effect. The antidepressant effect of T. erecta in the forced swim test was prevented by pretreatment with L-arginine and sildenafil, whereas pretreatment of mice with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors potentiated the action. Pentazocine, a high-affinity sigma receptor agonist, produced synergism with effective dose of T. erecta while progesterone, a sigma receptor antagonist, reversed the antidepressant effect of T. erecta. However, the locomotor activity was not affected at tested doses.

Conclusions:

Serotonergic, nitrergic pathway, and sigma receptors are possibly involved in mediating antidepressant action of T. erecta in mouse forced swim test.KEY WORDS: Antidepressant, forced swim test, nitric oxide pathway, serotonergic pathway, sigma receptors, Tagetes erecta     

变性高效液相色谱法及其在基因变异检测中的研究进展

变性高效液相色谱法是在高效液相色谱法的基础上发展起来的一种新方法。由于该技术具有快速、经济、准确和自动化程度高等特点，广泛用于单核苷多态的筛检中。本文简述了变性高效液相色谱法的基本原理，并将它与各种SNP筛检技术进行系统比较，综述了DHPLC在这一领域的最新研究进展。     

Development and validation of an analytical method based on high performance thin layer chromatography for the simultaneous determination of lamotrigine, zonisamide and levetiracetam in human plasma

Methods based on HPLC technology are the most frequently adopted for monitoring blood levels of novel antiepileptics. Here a rapid method based on HPTLC was developed for quantitative determination of lamotrigine (LTG), zonisamide (ZNS) and levetiracetam (LVT) in human plasma and compared with HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods. Chromatographic separation was achieved on silical gel 60F₂₅₄ plates using ethylacetate:methanol:ammonia (91:10:15 v/v/v) as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was carried out by densitometry at a wavelength of 312, 240 and 210 nm for LTG, ZNS and LVT, respectively. Calibration curves were linear over range of 0-200 ng for LTG and ZNS and 0-400 ng for and LVT. The limit of quantification of LTG, ZNS and LTV was found to be 3.69, 3.7 and 6.85 μg/ml, respectively. Intra and inter-assay precision provided relative standard deviations lower than 10% for all three analytes. Correlation and Bland-Altman plot showed general agreement between HPTLC and LC-MS/MS quantification, with a mean bias of −0.25, −0.46 and 0.5 μg/ml for LTG ZNS and LVT, respectively. Likewise, comparison between HPLC-UV and LC-MS/MS showed good agreement for all the three compounds analyzed. In conclusion, the proposed HPTLC method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate. It therefore is appropriate for the routine quantification of therapeutic levels of LTG, ZNS and LVT in human plasma.     

高效液相色谱法测定痛特灵霜中双氯芬酸的含量

本文采用ＨＰＬＣ法，建立了痛特灵霜中双氯芬酸的含量测定方法。用地塞米松为内标，样品加超纯水超声振荡提取后，用０．４５μｍ滤膜滤过，进样１０μｌ，采用国产ＹＷＧ－Ｃ＿（１８）柱分离，甲醇：水：醋酸（８０：２０：２）的混合溶液为流动相，２７５ｎｍ波长处检测。样品保留时间为４．６３ｍｉｎ。标准曲线浓度在０．５～４０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９）。最低检测浓度为０．１２５μｇ／ｍｌ。方法的绝对回收率平均为９８％（ｎ＝６），ＲＳＤ为１．８％。相对回收率平均为９９．８％（ｎ＝６），ＲＳＤ＝１．０％。日内ＲＳＤ为０．５％～１．８％，日间ＲＳＤ为０．８％～６．５％。测定三批样品，平均百分含量为９７．９９％。